• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.413-420
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• 2005

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.424-428
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• 2001

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a relatively common eye disease in the dog, Reduction or arrest of aqueous tear production by lacrimal glands results in quantitative alteration of the precorneal tear film (PTF) and KCS may result. A dog with a presumptive diagnosis of KCS referred was used for the study of KCS. Cytological and histopathologic examination is performed, and the various types of medical and surgical treatment are studied, including the operation of parotid duct transposition (PDT). This report described unilateral KCS in a dog of unknown etiology who responded to PDT.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.356-358
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• 2015

When severely large corneal perforation occurs, penetrating keratoplasty is a treatment of choice alternative to enucleation. A twelve-year-old male Shih Tzu was referred with perforated corneal ulcer secondary to keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Perforated cornea was directly sutured using 10-0 non-absorbable suture material, and rotational conjunctival flap was performed. However, re-perforation of cornea by wound dehiscence was observed at 1 month after operation. The yellowish lens escaped outside the orbit during corneal re-perforation, the diagnosis was re-perforated corneal ulcer, moderate corneal edema, moderate KCS (STT; 6 mm) and endophthalmitis caused by escaped lens outside orbit. Accordingly, penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and evisceration through corneal recipient site and intrascleral silicone ball prosthesis were carried out as the planned treatment, and resulted in good cosmetic improvement compared to enucliation. However, exposure of silicone ball occurred at the 9 months after the surgery due to the irritation of implant, thus enucleation was performed. In perforated large corneal ulcer with severe intraocular damage, evisceration with silicone ball insertion with PK would be alternative treatment choice to improve the cosmetic appearance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.260-263
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• 2002

Twenty-nine dogs with chronic keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) were treated by topical administration of a petrolatum based 2% cyclosporine ointment twice daily. Causes and durations of KCS varied. Tear production increased in 25 of 32 eyes and clinical improvement in corneal health was noticed in 35 of 47 eyes. No serious adverse reactions were observed and only mild irritation was noticed by the owners immediately after the application of the ointment in some cases .

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.278-280
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• 2005

A four-year-old intact female poodle was referred with a history of ocular discharge and corneal ulcer to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University. The dog was diagnosed severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) on bilateral eye. As the dog was not response to the ophthalmic medication, acupuncture treatment was applied to the dog. After 2 months from treatment, the dog was completely recovered from keratoconjunctivitis sicca. It is suggested that traditional veterinary medicine might be effective alternative therapy for the patient with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2007

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the exocrine glands with associated lymphocytic infiltrates of the affected glands. Primary SS presents alone as xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and patotid gland enlargement, secondary SS occurs in connection with other autoimmune disorder such as rheumatitoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or progressive systemic sclerosis. Among many other systemic complication, lymphoma is considered seriously. Patient with SS had a 44 times higher relative risk of lymphoma, and clinically identifiable lymphoma occurs in approximately 5% of patients with SS. So, patients with SS should be closely monitored. In dental office, diagnosis of SS is important in view of high risk of lymphoma. When a dentist diagnose and manage dry mouth, he or she should consider possibility of SS all the times and have knowledge of diagnostic criteria of SS.