• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.158-166
• /
• 2018

Contrary to urban development, urban regeneration is a process of land development through conservation, restoration, and management. In particular, ecologically based urban regeneration is an attempt to improve the quality of life in an area, establish a stable settlement space, and revitalize the local economy by considering the ecological environment. In this regard, the objectives of this study were to establish theoretical concepts and analyze the successful foreign cases of ecologically based urban regeneration, and propose a direction of socio-economic regeneration along with the physical-environmental regeneration of urban areas in Korea. The study results suggest the following. First, strategies must be developed to coordinate public transportation, such as buses and subways, by considering the importance of bicycle riders, along with the sustainable-commuting system. Second, both the importance of planning parks and trails around water systems in various scales while maintaining the existing natural environment as well as using natural elements, such as electric vehicles and wind-power generation systems, were emphasized. Third, urban regeneration for increased energy efficiency requires specific architectural planning and facilities. Fourth, education and research for easy access by the public, as well as public-private partnership, will be needed in the regeneration process.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 1991

Forage productivity of two sorghum hybrids, Pioneer(P) 931 and P 956 and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, P 988, was studied. The 1st-cut of sorghun hybrids was made for silage 6 times from heading stage at a week-interval and regrowth (2nd-cut) was harvested on Oct. 13 although plants were not reached the same growth stage of 1st-cut. However, the 1st- and 2nd-cut of sorghum-sudangrass were made for green fodder 6 times from 4 weeks before heading stage at a week-interval. 1. Percent dry matter(DM) of 1st-cut of sorghum and 1st- and 2nd-cut of sorghum-sudangrass increased as growth stage advanced. Percent DM of 2nd-cut of sorghum decreased as the 1st-cut date delayed due to insufficient growing period on Oct. 13. 2. In the 1st-cut of sorghum the proportion of leaf blade (LB) or culm+leaf sheath (LS) to total DM decreased, but that of panicle increased as growth stage advanced. The panicle proportion of P 956 increased and culm+LS decreased more rapidly compared with those of P 931. IIowever, in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid the proportion of LB decreased and culmf LS increased as growth stage advanced through heading stage. 3. In the 1st-cut of sorghum hybrids crude(C) protein and C. fiber decreased, but nitrogen free extract (NFE) increased as growth stage advanced although C. fat and C. ash were similar among the growth stages. In the 2nd-cut of sorghum C. protein and C. ash increased, but NFE decreased as harvesting date delayed due to plants were younger although C. fat and C. fiber were similar among the harvesting dates. In the sorghum-sudangrass C. protein of 1st-cut decreased, but C. fiber of 1st-cut and NFE of the 1st-and 2nd-cut increased as growth stage advanced. 4. DM yield of 1st-cut of sorghum increased from heading stage to 3 weeks after heading and then levelled off, but total DM including regrowth was similar among the harvesting time. In the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid DM yield of 1st-cut and total DM yield including 2nd-and 3rd-cut increased as the harvestingtime delayed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and nutritive value of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions within the Civilian Control Line in Paju and Sihwa region in Ansan were surveyed. In Paju, the yearly silage production was 900 MT harvested from 90 ha (10 MT/ha). About 30~50% of these were sold out at the marketing price of 52,000~55,000 Won per roll (130~137.5 Won/kg). Regrown Miscanthus sinensis of 70 cm in length contained 9.6% of crude protein (CP), 82.4 of relative feed value (RFV), and 67.7% of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Regrown Phragmites communis of 70 cm in length contained 13.8% of CP, 84.3 of RFV, and 67.9% of IVDMD. As harvesting was delayed, the quality was decreased dramatically. In Ansan region, Phragmites communis plantation covers 100 ha. The silage production was 550 MT from the area of 50 ha (11 MT/ha) in 2009. And the marketing price was 50,000 Won per roll. But in 2010 only a small amount of grasses could have been baled due to frequent and much rainfall from spring to summer season. However, the good forage quality was observed from regrown Phragmites communis of 80 cm in length, 12.9% CP, 99.8 RFV and 66.6% IVDMD, while that of late matured grasses was very low, 2.2% CP, 52.9 RFV and 36.4% IVDMD, greatly lower than forage quality of rice straw. The quality of grasses at bloom stage of 150 cm in length was similar to that of rice straw, showing 4.5% CP, 59.9 RFV and 42.2% IVDMD. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses in this survey were very poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and Miscanthus sinensis should be harvested during June or July to obtain better forage quality which is richer in forage values than rice straw. Production of high quality forage crops was also desirable for self sufficiency of forage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.257-267
• /
• 1993

Optimum pasture management during the summer season is an important factor to maintain good regrowth and persistence of pasture. The field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of cutting management on growth and reserve carbohydrates in stubble. and on dry matter yield of orchardgrass dominated pasture during the mid-summer season. Three different cutting times(July 15, 25 and August 5) as a main plot and three cutting heights(3, 6 and 10cm) as a sub plot were disigned with three replications. The experiment was done at pasture of Changsung Agricultural High School in 1988. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Temperature of soil surface and underground in the cutting of July 15 and July 25 was not showed significantly different, because of low intensity of radiation with a run of wet weather, and that of August 5 cutting tends to be lowed in high cutting height during the mid-summer season. 2. Amount of soil moisture against cutting height showed that high cutting had a low content. 3. Growth rate against regrowth of plant height, lear length and leaf area showed to be fast in high cutting. 4. Rapid recovery period of carbohydrate content after cutting and large amount of carbohydrate accumulation were showed in the cutting of July 15 and 25 compared with August 5 cutting in the reserve carbohydrate content against cutting of time and height during the mid-summer season. 5. Dry matter yield of the 4th and 5th cutting showed to be remarkable in July 15 cutting compared to those of July 25 and August 5. From the above results, it is suggested that the 10cm cutting height during the mid-summer season is the most effective for good regrowth, reserve carbohydrates and dry matter yield of orchardgrass.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 1985

For better grassland development in the forest, this field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of thirteen different fertilizer levels of nitrogen(N), phosphorus ($P_2O_5$) and potassium ($K_2O$) on the botanical composition, growth and dry matter yield of grass-clover mixtures grown under trees with 40-50% of shading level. This experiment was arranged as a randomized block design with replications, and performed on the experimental field in the suburban forest of Suweon in 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Plant height and cover degree of grasses found to be high with 28 and 42kg N fertilizer per 10a, while those were the lowest with zero and N-zero fertilizer levels. The degree of bare land after the fourth cut was also high in the low N level. 2. A significant higher degree of leaf green and chlorophyll content of leaf blade was observed in the plot of 28 and 42 kg N per 10a when compared with low N fertilizer plot. However, leaf decay and plant type of grasses tended to be a little poor as the high N was applied. 3. the regrowth plant length and dry weight of grasses after the first cut increased significantly with 28 and 42 kg N fertilizer. However, those showed slightly increased regrowth in the plot of zero and N-zero fertilizer levels. 4. The dry matter yield of grasses was higher with 28 and 42 kg N than that of low N fertilizer level. Higher yields were obtained in the plot of standard ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$=28-20-24 kg/10a), 50% increase of $N,P_2O_5K_2O$ and N-50% increase, although there were no significant differences among three fertilizer levels. 5. Growth, botanical composition, regrowth and yield of grasses grown under pine trees were significantly influenced by N fertilizer level, regardless of $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$. The fertilizer level of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ was 28-20-24 kg per 10a for more forage production in the forest. Considering economic yield in this study, however, the optimum fertilizer level of N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ was suppose to be 21-28, 10-15, and 12-18kg per 10a, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.2201-2211
• /
• 2015

In Korea, several design competition have been conducted to revitalize the cultural function of some areas using under-used space. However, though such sites include public and urban assets inherently, these projects defined their boundary as an isolated architectural or landscape design. Hence, this study will clarify the differentiated design content and process for public regeneration of under-used space through analysis of the case-study. For this purpose, firstly, the public and urban assets of under-used space will be analyzed to prove that it should be handled with wider boundaries and perspectives. And then, this study will reveal the limitation of design contents and process of Korean design competitions linking to the regeneration of under-used space after analyzing several case studies. Lastly, some differentiated design inducements conducted by the City of Oslo for the each regeneration plan of under-used space will be deducted, focusing on the fact that those projects have been implemented in more urban and connected ways. As a result, this study is strongly aiming to insist that the revitalization of under-used space should not be implemented by advertising a poetic symbolism. Instead, it must be an practical integrated plan emphasizing the connectivity with surrounding environment and diverse plan.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.183-200
• /
• 1989

An experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of the International Rice Research Institute in 1987 to find out the character of dry matter production, the potential seed production ability and the ecological and physiological strategies to adaptation. For these, two rice cultivars, IR64(lowland rice) and UPLRi-5(upland rice), and seven weed species were used ; Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f., E. cress-galls ssp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda, E. colons (L.) Link, Monochoria vaginalis (Burin. f.), Ludwigia octovalvis Jacq.) Raven, Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl and Cyperus difformis L. Adaptation strategies of weed species varied by species. However, they had efficient seed production strategy through different ways. In general, sedge weed species (F. miliacea and C. difformis) produced great amount of seeds at the expense of seed size through greater ratooning ability and low relative dry weight for flowering. For broadleaved weed species, greater number of descendants were obtained through high plasticity and low relative dry weight for flowering (M. vaginalis) or greater growth ability through effective photosynthetic efficiency (L. octovalvis). Grass weed species, on the other hand, produced their seeds through effective growth (net assimilation rate and relative growth rate), high ratooning ability (except E. crus-galls ssp. hispidula) or low relative dry weight to maximum dry weight for flowering (E. glabrescens). The harvest indices of the weed species were considerably lower than those of rice. Fimbristylis miliacea had the greatest ratooning ability followed by C. difformis, E. colons and E. glabrescens. The greatest seed productivity was recorded by C. difformis (279, 000) and L. octovalvis (268,000) while rice produced the least number of seeds (1300-6100). Log seed weight had a negative linear relationship with log seed number (y=6.30-1.48X, $R=-0.965^{**}$). For all species plant plasticity response was not directly correlated with mortality response.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.283-295
• /
• 2011

Many actions against climate change have been taken to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions at home and abroad. As of 2007, the GHGs emitted from buildings accounted for about 23 % of Korea's total GHGs emission, which is the second largest GHG reduction potential following industry. In this study, we introduced Carbon Zero Building (CZB), which was constructed by the National Institute of Environmental Research to cut down GHGs from buildings in Korea, and evaluated the main applied technologies, the amount of energy load and reduced energy, and economic values for CZB to provide data that could be a basis in the future construction of this kind of carbon-neutral buildings. A total of 66 technologies were applied for this building in order to achieve carbon zero emissions. Applied technologies include 30 energy consumption reduction technologies, 18 energy efficiency technologies, and 5 eco-friendly technologies. Out of total annual energy load ($123.8kWh/m^2$), about 40% of energy load ($49kWh/m^2$) was reduced by using passive technologies such as super insulation and use of high efficiency equipments and the other 60% ($74.8kWh/m^2$) was reduced by using active technologies such as solar voltaic, solar thermal, and geothermal energy. The construction cost of CZB was 1.4 times higher than ordinary buildings. However, if active technologies are excluded, the construction cost is similar to that of ordinary buildings. It was estimated that we could save annually about 102 million won directly from energy saving and about 2.2 million won indirectly from additional saving by the reduction in GHGs and atmospheric pollutants. In terms of carbon, we could reduce 100 ton of $CO_2$ emissions per year. In our Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis, the Break Even Point (BEP) for the additional construction cost was estimated to be around 20.6 years.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2010

This paper presents a basic energy performance data of microturbine, renewable Energy(BIPV and Solar Collector System) and a hybrid energy system(geothermal system and microturbine) installed in hospital building. The efficiency of solar collector and BIPV system was 30[%], 10[%] individually, and lower than micro turbines. Finally, in energy performance aspect, microturbine and geothermal source heat pump system were a high-efficiency system in hospital building. It is confirmed hybrid energy systems also show the most powerful alternative energy system for green hospital building from the simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2008

Building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPV) are increasingly incorporated into new domestic and industrial buildings as a principal or ancillary source of electrical power, and are one of the fastest growing segments of the photovoltaic industry. This paper presents design, operational features analysis, and PCS(Power Conditioning System) of grid-connected 30kW BIPV set up on the library of Dongshin University. For a sustainable photovoltaics system in this area, the data of the BIPV system are collected and analyzed by monitoring system using LabView. PCS of the grid-connected BIPV system, also, is designed for optimal operation with characteristics suggested in this paper.