• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the relationships among body image, self-esteem and sociability according to perception of body shape and obesity level. Methods: The subjects in this study were 325 elementary school youngsters in their sixth year. A survey was conducted, and one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation analysis and path analysis were used for data analysis. Results: Normal weight group accounted for 43.4%, under weight group 34.8% and obesity group 21.8%. In underweight group, 53.1% of the subjects perceived their body was normal or fatty while 17% of subjects in normal group perceived their body was fatty. There were significant differences in body image according to the perception of body shape by grade(F=15.90, p=.000) and to the level of obesity(F=6.18, p=.002). There was a significant difference in self-esteem according to the perception of body shape by grade(F=3.17, p=.430). There was a significant difference in sociability according to the level of obesity(F=3.48, p=.032). There was significantly strong positive correlation among their body image, self-esteem and sociability. A structural equation model was tested and fitted the data well. Conclusions: This study suggested that health education is needed to establish the correct body image from the elementary school periods by school health educators. The right body image is more important than anything else to improve self-esteem and sociability.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify its influencing factors of depressive symptoms in postmenopausal middle-aged women though analyzing secondary data. The data of 647 with 40~65 aged women who participated in the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2016 were used. The data were analyzed by complex sample independent t-test and multiple linear regression. In multiple linear regression analysis, economic status, subjective health status, perceived stress, smoking, physical activity, and limitation of active had significant effect on depressive symptoms in postmenopausal middle-aged women. These variables explained 36% of the variance in depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that healthcare providers should be considered to these factors when developing intervention strategies to decrease depressive symptoms in postmenopausal middle-aged women.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the related factors of quality of life (QOL) among middle-male with chronic liver disease. Method: The participants in this study were 110 patients with chronic liver disease who were recruited from the outpatient clinic of hospital. Between March and May 2014, data were collected through questionnaires and medical record review. Data analysis was performed using PASW (SPSS) 19.0 program, and one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and enter multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean QOL of this study was 48.16/100. The significant correlates of QOL were anxiety-depression (${\beta}$=.33, p<.001), symptom experience (${\beta}$=.15, p=.001), health perception(${\beta}$=.31, p<.001), disease status(${\beta}$=.17, p=.022), spouse (${\beta}$=.23, p=.001), and these variables explained 68.6% of variance in QOL. Conclusion: The study suggests that psychological aspects are an important factor in explaining QOL of the middle-male with chronic liver disease. Screening and minimizing anxiety-depression could be effective strategies in enhancing QOL of middle-male with chronic liver disease.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.335-343
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• 2017

Several studies have suggested that lonely adolescents showed higher increases in stress and they easily addicted smartphone utilization for comforting loneliness and stress. Studies, moreover, have claimed that smartphone addiction has negative effects on mental health of adolescents. To contribute to knowledge on these topics, this study is to investigate to the relationship among adolescents' loneliness, stress, and smartphone addiction. To identify test subjects, the study conducted a survey that collected data from Korean adolescents, and the survey of this study was completed between April 1, 2017 and April 15, 2017. A total of 356 adolescents completed the survey, and the final data of empirical test of the study was 327. The empirical results demonstrate that the relationship between loneliness and stress of adolescents is mediated by four sub-factors of smartphone addiction such as difficulty of daily life, directivity of virtual life, withdrawal symptom, and tolerance. The results indicated that a smartphone addiction risk of adolescents was negatively related to their mental health, especially loneliness and stress.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.269-280
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• 2000

This study was conducted to clarify the effect of physical ability, pain, fatigue, depression, sexual satisfaction, and spouse criticism on the sexual intrusiveness of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)women. The subjects of the study were 89 RA outpatients who visited the department of rheumatology of Dong-A University Hospital in Pusan from March 2000 to April, 2000. Pain & Fatigue via graphic rating scale, depression via CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies -Depression) scale and physical ability via the Health Assessment questionnaire(HAQ) were assessed. Also we used both Sexual satisfaction scale(Kim, et al, 1997) to measure sexual satisfaction and Spouse criticism scale(Kraaimaat et al. 1996) to measure spouse criticism. The Intrusiveness rating scale which was derived from Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale(AIMS) was used to measure illness intrusiveness in sexuality. The relationships between the variables such as pain, depression, fatigue, physical ability, spouse criticism, sexual satisfaction and illness intrusiveness on sexuality were analyzed by Pearson correlation. As a result, pain & depression were significantly positively related to illness intrusiveness and physical ability & sexual satisfaction was significantly negatively related to illness intrusiveness. But these variables were interrelated. So hierarchical regression was performed to examine the relative contribution of pain, depression, physical ability, and sexual satisfaction with regard to intrusiveness of RA on sexuality. It revealed that pain, depression & sexual satisfaction predicted significantly illness intrusiveness on sexuality. Therefore it is very important to reduce pain and depression and to increase sexual satisfaction for reducing illness intrusiveness.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.232-239
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the motivation for blood donation participation of university students. The subjects of this study were 200 university students in one area, and a self-report questionnaire was used for data collection. The data analysis used frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Independent T-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Regression Analysis. As a result of the study, the factors influencing the subjects' motivation to participate in blood donation were significant in the order of attitude toward blood donation, future blood donation plan, perceived health status, altruism, and number of blood donation experiences. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the development of educational programs to increase the motivation for blood donation participation of university students. It also suggests that there is a need to develop strategies that can increase university students' attitudes toward blood donation, altruism, and health status.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate the relation of smoking temptation, stage of change in smoking cessation, nicotine dependency and perceived health status in middle aged men. Convenience samples of 176 subjects who were either smoked or used to smoke, aged between 30 to 64, living in Seoul and Kyungi province area in Korea were selected for the study. The data was collected from December 1, 1999 to June 30, 2000. The research instrument were Stage of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure (DiClemente et al. 1991). Smoking Temptation Measure (Velicer, DiClemente, Rossi, Prochaska. 1990), Perceived Health Status Measure (McDowell & Newell, 1996), and Nicotine Dependency Scale (FTQ: Fagerstrom, 1978). The data were analyzed using the SAS Program. The result of the study are as follows : 1. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison showed that according to the stage of change, there were significant mean differences in the three sub-factors of smoking temptation; 'positive affect situation (F=12.64, p=.0001)', 'negative affect situation (F=16.01, p=.0001)', 'habitual craving situation (F=14.43, p=.0001)' and nicotine dependency (F=4.12, p=.0033) The mean score for smoking temptation for the subjects who were in the precontemplation stage outweighed the mean score for smoking temptation for subjects who were in the maintenance stage. 2. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that negative affect situation was the most influential variable of the smoking temptation sub-factors which can be used to discriminate stage of change. 3. The analysis of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there was a significant positive relation between nicotine dependency and negative affect situation of smoking cessation((r=0.2182, p=0.0045) and a significant negative relation between nicotine dependency and perceived health status(r=-0.2115, p=0.0059).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental materials for improving school health promotion programs by investigating school nurses' awareness of the importance, performance level, and perceived competence level of school health promotion programs in Gangwon-do. Methods: The subjects of this study were 173 school nurses who were working in Gangwon-do. The instrument for this study was a scale for awareness of importance, performance level, and perceived competence level. Data were collected on December 15, 2007 and analyzed using SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Results: The mean score of awareness of importance was 3.51(range: $1{\sim}4$). The mean score of performance level and the mean score of perceived competence level were 3.35 (range: $1{\sim}4$) and 3.29 (range: $1{\sim}4$), respectively. The younger school nurses were (F=4. 380, p=. 014 ), the higher their awareness of importance was. The performance level was lowest in high school nurses (F=5.013, p=.008). There were significant correlations between awareness of importance, performance level, and perceived competence level in school nurses. Conclusion: In order to improve the effectiveness of school health promotion programs, training and education programs for school nurses' competencies and technical support systems for school nurses should be provided.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the perception of parental sex role held by university students and to examine differences in perception of parental sex role according to student characteristics. Method: The participants were 336 university students in Gangreung city. The instrument of parental sex role was developed by the researcher and consisted of 3 subcategories; general parent role, parental sex role as a father and parental sex role as a mother. Results: The most positive item of parental sex role as a father is 'the Father's role is teaching about the value of society'. The most positive item of parental sex role as a mother is 'the Mother's role is to be a counselor or friend'. There were significant differences in perception of a father's role according to sex, type of college, fathers who lived with student during childhood, the relationship with the parent, the plan of marriage & having a child, responsibility of childrearing, and the need for education for the parental role. There were significant differences in perception of the mother's role according to sex, grade, type of college, birth order, type of family, persons who lived with student during childhood, the relationship with the parent, plan of marriage & having a child, responsibility of child-rearing, and the need for education for the parental role. Conclusion: The parental sex role changes overtime. Thus, it is important to identify university student's perception of parental sex roles as pre-parent preparation for parenting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to provide basic data for comprehensive nursing care for elderly people and to compare the spiritual well-being and perceived health status between elderly people who have above average income and those who have low income. Method: The data were collected from 80 elders with above average income and 81 with low income through face-to-face interviews. An elder was defined as a person over 60 years of age. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and Scheffe test. Result: The mean score for spiritual well being for elders with above average income was 2.90 of a total possible score of 4 and for elders with low income, 2.49 and the difference was significant. The mean score for perceived health status for elders with above average income was 8.93 of a total possible score of 14 and for elders with low income, 7.47 and the difference was also significant. There was a statistically positive correlation between existential well-being and perceived health status for the total sample of elderly people and for the elders with low income. Conclusion: Spiritual nursing care should be included in comprehensive health care programs for elderly people in Korea. Especially, it is important to develop nursing interventions for elders with low income that will increase their spiritual well-being and help them to develop positive thinking towards perceived health status.