• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.236-243
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to clarify the role of alcohol use disorders and acute alcohol consumption in suicide attempts by gender. Methods : Data of 1,152 suicide attempters(487 males and 742 females) who had visited an emergency center was gathered. Suicide attempts were categorized into three groups according to alcohol use: an alcohol use disorder group(AUD), an acute alcohol use group(AAU), and a no-alcohol use group(NAU). The intent and lethality of suicide attempts were evaluated by Suicidal Intents Scale and Risk-Rescue Rating Scale. Results : For Suicidal Intents Scale score, the male AUD group revealed a significantly lower mean score than the male AAU one. However, there were no statistically significant differences for female subjects across subgroups. With regard to the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale score, there were no significant differences for males, while the AUD group showed both the lowest highest rescue scores and lowest risk-rescue scores within female groups. Conclusions : AUD in females was more likely regarding impulsive suicide attempts with high rescue chances. Consuming alcohol might have different effect on suicide attempts by gender and our study shows that alcohol use is an important risk factor according to gender, particularly with regard to female suicide attempts.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.50-57
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• 2021

Objectives Clozapine is the most effective atypical antipsychotic agent for the treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), however, only 40%-70% of TRS patients respond to clozapine. Moreover, TRS encompasses various symptom dimensions. Therefore, augmentation with other medications for clozapine is frequently applied. However, the prescription pattern of clozapine and combined medications in Korea is yet to be examined. This study aims to investigate the maintenance treatment pattern of clozapine and augmentation agents in one Korean tertiary hospital. Methods The patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders under clozapine maintenance, defined as one-year clozapine continuation, were subjected for analysis. Medication data at one-year time-point after clozapine initiation was extracted and analyzed. Results Among total 2897 patients having clozapine prescription experience from January 2000 to December 2018, 1011 patients were on clozapine maintenance. The mean age of clozapine initiation was 30.2 ± 11.3 years, and the maintenance dose of clozapine was 217.8 ± 124.3 mg/day. Combination rate of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants were 43.5%, 25.3%, 38.6%, respectively. Most frequently prescribed drugs in each category were aripiprazole, valproate, and sertraline. Olanzapine equivalent dose of combined antipsychotics was 10.4 ± 7.7 mg/day. Male patients were prescribed higher dose of combined antipsychotics and higher rate of antidepressants. Female patients had later onset of clozapine prescription. Patients with two or more combined antipsychotics were prescribed higher dose of clozapine and higher rate of antidepressants compared to patients with one combined antipsychotic. Conclusions Taken together, among the patients taking clozapine, a substantial rate of patients were under polypharmacy. The present findings based on the real-world prescription pattern could provide the valuable clinical information on the treatment of TRS-related conditions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.230-246
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of hardiness, knowledge of menopause, menopausal management of the middle aged women to identify the variables that show differences in the hardiness, knowledge of menopause and menopausal management of middle aged women and to investigate the relation ship among hardiness, menopausal knowledge and menopausal management of the middle aged women. The subjects were 132 middle-aged women and belonged to the age between 40 and 60. They were selected in Pusan, Korea. Data were collected from Oct. to Nov., 1998 by means of a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this were the hardiness scale developed by Song In Sook and Song Ae Ri and the menopausal management scale developed by Song Ae Ri. The results were as follows 1. The mean score of hardiness was 2.83, in minimum score 1.24 tomaximun score 5.04. The mean score of knowledge of menopausal was 0.68, in minimum score 0.21 to maximum score 0.71. the mean score of menopausal management was 2.26, in minimum score 1.35 to maximum score 3.18. 2. In the relation between social demographic and hardiness there were significant differences in the health condition, income, supportive person. In relation between social demographic and menopausal knowledge there were significant differences in the health condition, family members. In the menopausal management there was significant differences in the marital state. 3. There was significant correlation between the hardiness and menopausal management of middle aged women (r=-0.208, p=0.017). 4. There was not significant correlation between the knowledge of menopause and menopausal management (r=0.001, p=0.992). These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to improve the power of hardiness in middle aged women. hardiness is important to improve the menopausal management of middle aged women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.137.2-138
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• 2003

농산물의 효율적인 가공.저장은 농산물의 안정된 공급과 물가안정에 크게 기여하며, 부가가치 향상과 식품관련산업의 국제경쟁력 강화에도 필수적인 요건이라 할 수 있다. 호박은 전국 각지의 유휴지에서 별다른 시비나 농약의 사용없이 재배가능한 농산물로 vitamin C 및 vitamin A의 전구체인 carotene과 무기질, 식이섬유, 전분, 자당, 포도당 등이 풍부하다. 호박은 이뇨작용과 산후부종에 효과가 인정되어 널리 이용되고 있으며, 당뇨병, 야맹증, 각막건조증 등에도 효과가 있다. 국민의 생활수준이 향상되고 사회구조가 변화함에 따라 식품소비의 양상도 크게 변화하여 편의식과 건강 지향적인 가공식품의 수요가 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 이에 부응하여 건강식품에 관한 다각적인 연구가 많이 행해지고 있으나 미비한 실정이다. 호박은 특히 수분함량이 많고 조직의 연화현상 등으로 저장성이 낮아서 경제성이 떨어지므로 호박을 이용한 다양한 가공제품의 개발이 요구된다. 호박의 이용성을 검토하고, 나아가 호박의 부가가치 향상 및 경쟁력을 가진 지역특산물화를 위하여 기능성을 갖춘 건강음료개발을 시도하였으며, 이러한 음료의 유통중 품질변화를 모니터링하였다. 호박음료의 유통중 품질변화는 저장온도(20, 30, 40, 50, 6$0^{\circ}C$) 및 저장기간(0, 2, 4, 6, 8 week)에 따른 중심합성실험계획으로 실험을 행하여, 저장에 따른 당, 산, pH, 갈색도 및 관능적 특성에 대하여 반응표면분석을 하였다. 당도, 산도, pH 및 갈색도의 경우 저장시간에 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 관능적 특성 중 전반적인 기호도에 있어서는 저장온도 및 저장시간에 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 당도, 산도, pH의 경우 저장온도 및 저장기간에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 갈색도의 경우 저장온도 51.1$0^{\circ}C$ 및 저장기간 7.33 week일 때 최대의 갈색도로 나타났다. 전반적인 기호도 있어서는 저장온도 32.52$^{\circ}C$ 및 저장기간 0.30 week일 때 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.473-485
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• 2001

This cross-sectional design was to identify the age at menopause of Korean women and the levels of bothersome menopausal symptoms. In addition, examining relationships between the levels of bothersome menopausal symptoms and sociodemographic factors, body mass index, menopause-related factors, and life-style behavior factors including smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and diet was done. Two thousand eight hundred seven naturally postmenopausal women aged between 41-65 years were recruited by self-selection from 7 metropolitans and 6 provinces in Korea from Dec. 20, 1998 to April 30, 1999. The age at menopause of Korean women was 49.2 years(mean) and 50.0 years (median). The menopausal age of Korean women has slightly increased compared to a previous study. Based on the demographic factors, residential area and socioeconomic status were associated with the bothersome levels of climacteric symptoms. In the case of the life-style behaviors analysis, only alcohol use and a preference for wheat were associated with the bothersome levels of climacteric symptoms, especially physical symptoms.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

의사는 인간의 생명을 구하는 권한이 있으니까 마치 생명을 죽이는 권한도 포함된 것 같은 생각에 그야말로 막강한 권한을 가진 것 같이 보인다. 오늘의 한국에서는 과거와 달리 의사의 사회적 위상에 많이 떨어져 있지만 아직도 미국이나 독일 같은 선진 사회에서 의사의 위상은 준신에 가깝게 높고 그의 말과 판단이라면 비록 건강에 관한 이슈뿐만 아니라 삶에 대한 지혜로도 존중되고 수용된다. 의사의 사회적 위상이 높아진 것은 의학이라는 특수한 학문과 이와 연결된 의술의 그동안의 엄청난 발달과 무관하지 않다. 역사적으로 보면 고대 희랍시대부터 의학은 인간의 질병을 고치고 생명을 건강하게 보존하는 특별한 지식 그리고 이 지식을 기반으로 응용되는 치료기법으로 기예 (techne)라는 존칭으로 불리었다. 즉, 건강의 회복이라는 실질적인 목적을 가진 지식과 테크닉을 합친 이른바 귀중한 실천 (praxis)이다. 의학에 대한 낙관적인 전망은 시대와 문화가 바뀌면서 또한 의학 자체가 좀 더 발달하면서 도전을 받는다. 20세기에 들어서서 인간의 생명을 위협하고 또 고통을 주는 질병의 종류와 양상이 변하고, 의 과학이 앞으로 인류의 병들을 퇴치시킬 수 있다는 기대에 차질이 생기게 되었다. 미국 같은 선진국에서는 일찍이 1960년도 말부터 의학교과목 개혁의 일환으로 인문학의 과목들을 같이 가르치기 시작했다. 대표적인 과목들이 윤리학, 철학, 역사, 문학 등이다. 인문학의 보강은 의학과 기술과 인간성의 연결을 위해 의사들이 쓸 수 있는 인지적 도구 (cognitive tools)를 갖추게 하는 목적에서이다. 인문학의 도입으로 의사들이 인간의 삶을 좀 더 깊게 이해하고 풍부한 인간성으로 지식과 기술을 환자에게 적용할 수 있기 위해 각자의 마음과 머리 속에 포용통합능력을 발달시키자는 데 있다. 즉 의사들의 의식과 자유로운 상상력이 확장되면서 새로운 정체성을 갖게 되는 것을 바라는 것이다. 선진국의 의학교육에서 이 같은 교육이 좋은 의사를 만든다는 신념을 굳혀가고 있다. 성과를 증명하는 연구결과가 없어 아직도 회의적인 반응도 있으나 이와 같은 교육이 윤리적 상황에 대한 예민도를 높이는 것은 확실하다. 연세대학교 의과대학은 기독교 이념이 기본 교육철학이다. 인간성을 강조하고 의사들이 자신의 인간성을 개발 강화하는 교육이 하나님의 사랑을 의사 지신의 인간성과 그의 인간애로 내재화 시킬 수 있다면 그리스도의 정신을 의학과 의술에 연결시키는 고귀한 목적을 이룰 수 있는 길이라고 생각한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.260-269
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• 2013

Gender role identity is a key subject toward adaptation in later life. In this paper, we tried to understand the specific types and characteristics of gender role identity in view of older men. The research collected and examined 40 representative descriptions representing gender role identity, including 20 for masculinity and 20 for femininity from 40 older men. We obtained four types of gender role identity of older men from this research. "Powerful-expressive type" is energetic and reveals his brave and dominant tendency when they are working. "Powerful-taciturn type" is strongly independent and has a firm conviction, but they do not express those characters and remain silent. "Powerful-paternal type" handles his work with a driving force, and has a tender character. "Paternal-caring type" finds his own worth in life by caring for his family and children, and considers others more than himself. Future research is needed to verify how the types of gender role identity are linked to psychosocial adaptive aspects, health behaviors, mental and physical health.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 자생 참나무속 2종의 몇 가지 저광량 조건하에서 생육 및 엽록소 형광 반응을 조사하였다. 연구의 재료는 참가시나무(Quercus salicina Blume)와 붉가시나무(Q. acuta Thunb.)의 2년생 실생묘를 사용하였다. 다양한 실내 광환경조건을 조사하여 광량을 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 설정하였으며, 실험기간 동안 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) 및 습도($55{\pm}3%$)를 동일하게 설정하여 총 8주간 재배하였다. 대조구는 유리온실에서 동일기간 동안 재배된 식물을 사용하였다. 연구의 결과, 참가시나무는 50 PPFD 이하에서 전체 식물 중 50%가 잎이 마르며 떨어지는 경향을 보였으며, 100 PPFD에서도 25%의 잎마름이 관찰되었다. 200 PPFD는 줄기직경을 제외한 초장, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭 및 엽록소 함량(SPAD)이 대조구와 유사하거나 높았으며, 엽록소 형광 반응에서도 모든 측정값이 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 붉가시나무는 50 PPFD 이상의 광량에서는 줄기직경, 엽수, 엽장 및 SPAD가 대조구와 유사하거나 높은 결과를 보였으나, 모든 광량조건에서 초장과 엽폭이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 엽록소 형광 반응은 모든 광량에서 대조구와 비슷한 양상을 보였으나, 10 PPFD는 초기형광값(Fo)과 비광학적 에너지의 손실(DIo/RC)이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2020

Objectives : This study investigate to identify the stability of temperament and personality characteristics of patients including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. Methods : The number of subjects was 102, of which 33 were PTSD patients and 69 were non-PTSD patients. To demonstrate the change in individual temperament and personality characteristics, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were administered repeatedly on the subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA and simple main effects analysis were conducted. Results : When analysed by dividing the subjects into PTSD groups and non-PTSD groups, the differences between the primary and secondary tests did not appear in the non-PTSD groups, but the differences between the primary and secondary tests were significant in Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (C). In addition, it was noted that the time and group interaction effects of HA, RD, SD and C were significant, and that the main effects of time of HA, RD, SD and C were significant. Conclusions : This study is meaningful in that in the course of experience and recovery of traumatic events, we have clinically confirmed that changes in the temperament, known as stable variables, are possible.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2022

We attempted to determine how adolescents' general characteristics, appearance stress, and anxiety affect adolescents' body image distortion using data from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We confirmed Body image distortion in 38.2% of the subjects, and the results of underestimated body image in 19.9% and overestimation in 18.3%. Appearance stress and anxiety were found to have an effect in both underestimate and overestimate groups. We confirmed that demographic characteristics such as gender, economic level, and academic level influence different aspects in the underestimation and overestimation groups. Therefore, we suggested that comprehensive evaluation by subdividing the subjective perception of adolescents' weight into cases of overestimation and underestimation will be an important factor in determining mental health and weight control behavior in the future.