• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.453-456
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• 1997

Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula is a rare but serious condition which is usually a result of prolonged intubation or tracheostomy statc, and is difficult to treat. A fifty-seven year old woman who was in a state of prolonged intubation and tracheostomy following a traf%c accident, presented with recurrent aspirati n. A tracheoesophageal fistula was demonstrated ) cm above the carina by csophagogram. We confirmed a subglottic web and tracheoesophageal fistula by bronchoscopic examination. Fistulectomy was performed with collor incision and partial sternotomy. The esophagus was repaired by two-layer interrupted suture using 4-0 Vicr)1, and the trachea was repaired by single layer suture using a 4-0 PDS. The sternohyoid muscle was interposed between the trachea and the esophagus. A T-tube was inserted through the previous tracheostomy site for easy tracheal suction and maintenance of the tun:on. The T-tube was removed on the 14th postoperative day, and the patient recovered well without any complications.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4 s.42
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• pp.251-263
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• 2005

Modern volcanoes, Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan, have erupted during $1720\~1721$ in the Wudalianchi volcanic group, NE china. They comprise scoria and spatter cones that consist of potassium-rich phono-tephritic pyroclastic deposits and lavas, and include wide lava flow fields. The Laoheishan scoria cone is a polygenetic multiple volcano that overlaps earlier and later edifices with more complicated internal structures produced in greater scale and in earlier time than the Huoshaoshan. There is a funnel-shaped crater in the center of the later edifice of the Laoheishan scoria cone. The Huoshaoshan spatter cone is a monogenetic simple volcano with a central pit crater. The volcanic sequences indicate eruption processes that followed a repeated pattern that progressed through 5 stages of explosive and effusive eruption including lava fountains and Strombolian eruptions in the Laoheishan, and a recognizable pattern of 2 stages that started with Strombolian eruption and progressed through lava effusion in the Huoshaoshan.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.279-285
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• 2012

This study classified the categorization process of convergence products as a rule-based and a similarity-based categorization process. And we examined that how the categorization process was determined according to information types(visual vs. visual + verbal) about the components of two prototypes before convergence and thinking styles(holistic vs. analytic). The result of this study showed: (1) The rule-based categorization process appeared more in case of visual information with verbal information than only visual information. (2) Analytic thinkers chose a rule-based categorization process more than holistic thinkers. These findings provide the theoretical and practical implications to comprehend the categorization process of convergence products and the judgement for consideration set from various convergence products.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.188-195
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• 1991

The effect of lanthanum ion (La3 +), which is associated with the mobilization of internal calcium, on the regulation of oocyte maturation was investigated with Rana dybowskii follicles. Follicular oocytes matured (germinal vesicle breakdown, GVBD) dose dependently when they were exposed to La3+ (O.O1-1.O mM) and the maturation occurred in 9-12 hours after the la3+(0.33 mM) stimulation. lanthanum also accelerated the onset of maturation of the lollicular oocytes exhibiting spontaneous maturation. Three hours of exposure to La3+ was enough to induce the maturation. The La3 + -induced maturation was not associated with progesterone production by follicle cells, and the maturation was inhibited by forskolin (9 $\mu$ M), and cyclobeximide (0.01 - 1.0 - $\mu$g/2 ml) in the medium. The La3+ and hormone stimulated maturation showed the same patterns of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during the maturation. The data suggest that the oocyte maturation by La3+ stimulation is very similar to that by progesterone. Thus, it seems that internal mobilization of Ca2+ plays a key role in the initiation of oocyte maturation in amphibia.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

When a deep-seabed lifting pump is kept this device has bending and deformation in the axis due to its long length(8m). These influences can be caused a breakdown. Therefore, a mounting must be developed to keep the lifting pump safe. This paper discusses the hydraulic cylinder design of the lifting pump and structural safety estimation of the mounting using SBD(simulation-based design). The multi-body dynamic simulation method is used, which has been used in the automotive, structural, ship building, and robotics industries. In this study, the position and diameter of the hydraulic cylinder were determined based on the results of the strokes and buckling loads for the design positions of the hydraulic cylinder. A structural dynamic model of the mounting system was constructed using the determined design values, and the structural safety was evaluated using this dynamic model. According to these results, this system has a sufficient safety factor to manufacture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2010

Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai, P. vulgaris var. aleutica Fernald, and P. vulgaris var. albiflora Nakai have been reported as infrageneric taxa of Prunella L. in Korea. I found many samples of P. pinnatifida Pers. in the previously collected herbarium sheets in several major herbaria in Korea and confirmed its distribution again in Jaeun Island, Chonnam Province with the information from those herbarium sheets. P. pinnatifida Pers. has deeply lobed leaves in contrast to entire or barely dentate leaves of P. vulgaris var. lilacina Nakai, P. vulgaris var. aleutica Fernald, and P. vulgaris var. albiflora Nakai. I first report the distribution of this taxon in Korea and give it the Korean name Gal-re-kkul-pul. I provide description, illustrations, and an infrageneric key to identification of the other taxa of Prunella in Korea, and discuss some taxonomic problems of this taxon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.86-96
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• 2003

A fracture or breakage of the concrete armor units in the primary cover layer of breakwaters is studied by using the reliability analysis which may be defined as the structural stability. The reliability function can be derived as a function of the angle of rotation that represents the rocking of armor units quantitatively. The relative influences of all of random variables related to the material and geometric properties on the fracture of armor units is analyzed in detail. In addition, the probability of failure for the fracture of individual armor unit can be evaluated as a function of the incident wave height. Finally, Bernoulli random process and the allowable fracture ratio may be introduced together in this paper, by which the probability of failure of a breakwater due to the fracture of armer units can be obtained straightforwardly. It is found that the probability of failure of a breakwater due to the fracture of armor units may be varied with the several allowable fracture ratios. Therefore, it should be necessary to consider the structural stability as well as the hydraulic stability for the design of breakwaters with multi-leg slender concrete armor units of large size under wave action in deep water.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.372-378
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• 2016

A mound was constructed to install a caisson and sofa blocks underwater. The mound riprap, which were of uniform grade, size, shape, and specific gravity, formed the foundation for the support superstructure. Also, rubble leveling works were performed before installing structures such as caissons. In this study, underwater construction equipment was developed with a remotely controlled operating system and underwater environment monitoring system for unmanned underwater rubble leveling work. The performance of the developed equipment was verified using on-land and underwater tests. In addition to the performance verification, the construction process and economic efficiency of the equipment should be checked before applying it to the real construction field for commercial purposes. In this paper, a construction process using the developed equipment was proposed and compared with the existing rubble leveling method. The results demonstrated that the new construction method has higher economic efficiency and safety than the existing construction method.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2004

Sedum tosaense Makino (Crassulaceae), an unrecorded species in Korean flora, was collected from parasitic crater, Sangumburi in Jocheon-eup Bukjeju-gun, Jeju-do. This species is most similar to S. bulbiferum and S. orizifolium, but differs in some substantial characters. S. tosaense is perennial and stoloniferous herb with bulbils on stems, while S. bulbiferum is annual or biennial herb without bulbils in leaf axil. In addition, S. tosaense has leaves emarginate at apex whereas S. bulbiferum has leaves somewhat uneven at apex. the leaves of S. tosaense are conspicuously flattened and spatulate in shape at the stem without flowers, but those of S. orizifolium, are terete or slightly flattened and linear to narrowly oblong in shape.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.357-366
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• 2021

In this study, hydraulic model tests were performed to investigate the stability of armor units at harbor side slope for rubble mound structures. The Korean design standard for harbor and fishery port suggested the design figures that showed the ratio of the armor weight for each location of rubble mound structures and it could be known that the same weight ratio was needed to the sea side and harbor side (within 0.5H from the minimum design water level) slope of rubble mound structures. The super structures were commonly applied to the design process of rubble mound structures in Korea and the investigation of the effects of super structures would be needed. The stability number (N_od = 0.5) was applied (van der Meer, 1999) and it showed that the armor (tetrapod) weight ratio for harbor side slope of rubble mound structures needed 0.8 times of that for sea side slope.