• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.592-605
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• 2004

The research analyzes data on housing(apartments) value and educational level(45$\sim$59 aged) in Seoul. The results of the research show that: since the economic crisis of 1997 out of which Korea was rescued by the IMF, it is evident that the spatial process of increasing residential segregation and the regional differentiation of housing price are inextricably interrelated. Through time-series analysis for the education level by the administrative unit of Dong in Seoul, already in 1990 the residential segregation by the educational groups was observed, it is acknowledged that this residential segregation has been reproduced continuously. The rate of residence of the highly educated groups in an administrative Dong is closely related to the variation of the housing value within the Dongs. The housing value in the period 1997$\sim$2003 has risen sharply in the regions where highly educated groups are spatially concentrated. That of other regions have stagnated or have risen marginally thus, the regional differences of the housing value have greatly increased. The differentiation of housing price reflects the residential segregation.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2015

It is widely believed that increasing socio-economic polarization inspired by globalization and economic restructuring worsens residential segregation by class in Korean cities. However, the existing literature falls short in showing the recent changes of the residential segregation, particularly after the 1997 financial crisis, with reliable and systematic segregation measures. Noting that there are the two major dimension in residential segregation - evenness-concentration and exposure-clustering - this study introduced not only global measure (dissimilarity index and isolation/interaction index) but also local measures (location quotient and Local Moran's I) for each dimension. These measures are applied to the case study of Seoul in the 2000s. The class is defined by education attainment and the data is obtain through the MicroData System Service System(MDSS). The result shows that the residential segregation by education attainment persists through 2000s and even get worse in some dimension. More significantly, it turns out that high-class and low-class residence are nearly mirror-images of each other, indicating high segregation.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.729-742
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• 2016

Socio-economic polarization in Korea partly due to recent globalization and industrial restructuring could reduce social mobility significantly through passing down educational achievement to one's children. Under the notion that residential segregation is geographical frame for the reproduction of educational inequality, this research investigates residential segregation by educational attainment and neighborhood disparity with a case study of Seoul. The statistical analyses employed local segregation measures such as Location Quotient and Local Moran's I and a variety of variables that reflect neighborhood characteristics. As a result, it found that there are sharp and clear contracts between low- and high-educational group concentrations/clusters particularly in terms of housing characteristics and educational facilities. This results provide some evidences that support the arguments about the causes of residential segregation by class in Korean Cities.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 부모세대의 사회ㆍ경제적 지위에 따라 결정된 거주지에 따라 자녀세대의 학력자본이 차별적으로 재생산되고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 연구결과 고학력으로 대표되는 사회ㆍ경제적 지위가 높은 집단의 거주 비율이 높은 분리된 거주지에서 재생산되는 학력자본은 양적인 면에서나 질적인 면에서 모두 매우 차별적인 것으로 나타나고 있다. 과거에 비해 대학진학률이 많이 높아졌지만 4년제 대학 진학으로 제한해 지역별 학업 성취를 비교해 보면 지역별 차가 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.616-631
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• 2007

Residential differentiation is an academic theme which has been given enormous attention in urban studies. This is due to the fact that residential segregation can be seen as one of the best indicators for socio-spatial dialectics occurring on urban space. Measuring how one population group is differentiated from the other group in terms of residential space has been a focal point in the residential segregation studies. The index of dissimilarity has been the most extensively used one. Despite its popularity, however, it has been accused of inability to capture the degree of spatial clustering that unevenly distributed population groups usually display. Further, the spatial indices of segregation which have been introduced to edify the problems of the index of dissimilarity also have some drawbacks: significance testing methods have never been provided; recent advances in spatial statistics have not been extensively exploited. Thus, the main purpose of the research is to devise a spatial separation measure which is expected to gauge not only how unevenly two population groups are distributed over urban space, but also how much the uneven distributions are spatially clustered (spatial dependence). The main results are as follows. First, a new measure is developed by integrating spatial association measures and spatial chi-square statistics. A significance testing method based on the generalized randomization test is also provided. Second, a case study of residential differentiation among groups by educational attainment in major Korean metropolitan cities clearly shows the applicability of the analytical framework presented in the paper.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.774-791
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• 2016

Recent studies on Asian suburbanization suggest that their settlement patterns do not confirm to those of earlier migrant streams, and that different residential patterns of Asian ethnic minority groups have created a complex ethnic mosaic in suburban areas. This paper examines the extent to which residential patterns of main Asian minority groups have changed in Westchester, where is one of suburban counties around New York City. With mapping base on Census of Population data in 2000 and 2010 years, the residential patterns of five Asian groups (Asian Indians, Chinese, Filipinos, Japanese, and Koreans) are analyzed through the indices of segregation. The residential segregation geography of the Asian ethnic groups is characterized by dispersed concentration. There is a difference among the characteristics of the ethnic neighborhoods in which Asian minority groups are residentially concentrated.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.134-153
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• 2008

The main purpose of the research is to illustrate the value of the spatial statistical approach to residential differentiation by providing a framework for exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) using a local spatial separation measure. ESDA aims, by utilizing a variety of statistical and cartographic visualization techniques, at seeking to detect patterns, to formulate hypotheses, and to assess statistical models for spatial data. The research is driven by a realization that ESDA based on local statistics has a great potential for substantive research. The main results are as follows. First, a local spatial separation measure is correspondingly derived from its global counterpart. Second, a set of significance testing methods based on both total and conditional randomization assumptions is provided for the local measure. Third, two mapping techniques, a 'spatial separation scatterplot map' and a 'spatial separation anomaly map', are devised for ESDA utilizing the local measure and the related significance tests. Fourth, a case study of residential differentiation between the highly educated and the least educated in major Korean metropolitan cities shows that the proposed ESDA techniques are beneficial in identifying bivariate spatial clusters and spatial outliers.

• Proceedings of the Population Association of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.37-62
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.803-819
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• 2009

This study explores of the lowest social class segregation in the residential area of Yao city of the Osaka Prefecture. The Buraku people, who constitute a social class that was the object of societal discrimination and exclusion since the beginning of modem times, formed a segregated residential area of their own. During the process of an organized struggle against discrimination that was institutionally recognized, communal consciousness among the constituents was consolidated. Moreover, in the Yao city, Korean immigrants in Japan, another discriminated group, as well as Vietnamese refugees and Chinese, who are also social minorities, increased in number. Also, activities by the Buraku people and Korean immigrants in Japan to defend human rights and the rights of social minorities began to unfold. Recently, the number of small scale factories in the Buraku's Douwa District decreased due to relocation of manufacturing companies elsewhere throughout Japan and to the effects of depression. New non-Buraku houses began to appear one by one on the site where factories started to disappear. While the spatial separatism of Yao city, as part of the isolated Douwa District, is weakening, the struggle based on communal consciousness among the social minorities and continued human rights activity is exerting great influence upon the administrative policy of Yao city. In the case of Yao city, while the visual appearance of spatial segregation is weakening, the communal consciousness among the regional residents remains. From this perspective, it can be said that this case represents a modified form of isolated space or the social pattern of segregation which is in the stage of extinction.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.374-390
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• 2004

This research analyzes the differentiation of the reproduction of the educational capital according to the residential area which is determined by the socio-economic status of parents. The results of the research show that: the reproduction of the educational capital of the region where highly educated people are segregated is very different from that of other regions in terms of the quantity and quality. The fact that one resides in a certain special area tends to determine the future of his child, so the boundary between the social groups is being intensified through the geographic concentration of the affluence and poverty. Gangnam Gu where the different educational capital is reproduced through the better educational environment tends to become the gated city which has the invisible but strong socio-economic barriers through the sharp rise of the housing(apartment) value and the concentration of highly educated people. Through the exclusion of other classes by the high price of the housing, only the residents within the barrier have access to the good educational facilities and services.