• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.27-35
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• 2007

Seasonal occurrences of tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua were observed using sex pheromone traps at different locations and climatic regions in Yeongnam district. In Gyeongnam province, S. litura male adults kept occur from mid or late March to mid or late November Whereas in Gyeongbuk province, S. litura occurred from mid or late April to early or mid November with exception at Uljin where it was late May to late October. According to the climatic regions, the peak occurrence of S. litura was middle September at the southern coast region, late August at the inland and the basin region, middle August at the inland mountainous region, and early September at the eastern middle coast region. The occurrence rate of S. litura was the highest at Jinju with 20.0% and the lowest at Changyeong with 8.6% in Cyeongnam province, while it was the highest at Sungju with 3.3% and the lowest at Uljin with 0.8% in Gyeongbuk province. In accordance with the climatic regions, the occurrence rate of S. litura was the highest at the inland region with 43.7%, and followed by the southern coast region (36.3%), the basin region (8.4%) and the inland mountainous region (7.0%), and was the lowest at the eastern middle coast legion with 4.6%. On the other hand, S. exigua occurred from early March to middle November with the exception of the eastern middle coast region including Pohang, Yeongdeog and U]ien in Cyeongbuk province where it occurred from mfd April to middle November. The peak occurrence of s. exigua was early August at the inland region, the basin region and the inland mountainous region, and was late of August at the southern coast region and the eastern middle coast region. The occurrence of S. exigua was the highest at Changyeong with 1.6% and the lowest at Busan with 0.4% in Gyeongnam province, while it was the highest at Sungju with 37.2% and the lowest at Uljin with 2.7% in Gyeongbuk province. The climatic regional occurrence rate of S. exigua was the highest at the basin region with 54.3%, and followed by the inland mountainous region (29.9%), the eastern middle coast region (9.3%) and the inland (3.9%), and was the lowest at the southern coast region with 2.6%. As a whole, S. litura occurred more in Gyeongnam province than Cyeongbuk province, while S. exigua occurred more in Gyeongbuk province than Gyeongnam province. According to the regions grouped by climatic differences, the occurrence of S. litura and S. exigua was the highest at the inland region in Gyeongnam province and at the basin region in Gyeongbuk province. The total number of S. litura captured by sex pheromone trap was 2.4 times higher than that of S. exigua. However, the first occurring time and the peak occurrence of S. exigua were slightly earlier than those of S. litura.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 1994

The methanol extracts from 30 species of oriental medicinal plants belonging to 24 families were tested for their lhicidal and antifeeding activit~es against diamondback moth (Plutello xylostella L) and tobacco cutworn (Spodoptera litura F.) by a leaf-dipping method at a concentration of 5, 000 ppm. The methanol extract from Copti chinensis only showed a potent larvicidal activity against P xylostello. Strong antifeeding activity against P. xylostello was observed from the extmds from Platycodon grandiflorurn, Codonopsis pilosula, Asomm sieboldii, Rhus chinensis and Uthospermum erythrorhizon And a potent antifeeding activity against S. liturn was obtained from Akebia quinata and Equlsetum hyemale extracts. A significant antifeeding activity against both species was obtained from R chinensis and C. chinensis extracts.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.13 no.3 s.108
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• pp.106-111
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• 1992

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.4 s.45
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• pp.243-248
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• 1980

Experiments were conducted to study on bionomics and control of cutworms; Agrotis tokionis, A. ipsilon, A. fucosa in Suweon, 1978-1979. A. ipsilon and A. fucosa had two or three generations and A. tokionis had one generation a year. A large number of A. toikonis occured at the end of September, and the major peaks of the first generation of A. tokionis and A. fucosa were in mid-June, the second generation in mid-August, and the third generation was at the end of September. These cutworms laid many eggs on the lower surface of curved downward leaf of Chinese cabbage and the larvae later than 3rd instar began to cut the basal part of stem and then pulled into the soil. A parasite of A. tokionis, a braconid wasp, Meteorus rubens, and two unidentified Ichneumnid wasps were found. Mocap and Volaton gave effective control to the cutworms but Volaton should be applied not to contact with plant.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2009

Without pesticide applications, mass-trapping by sex pheromone was successful to control Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in a large scale tomato glasshouse (10,000 $m^2$) at a low cost of 60 won/$m^2$. Pheromone traps were placed both inside and outside of the glasshouse. Inside the glasshouse traps were installed in a regular space, one trap per 500 $m^2$, to catch the moths that were present in the glasshouse, and traps were also set outside of the glasshouse, at intervals of ca. 20 m, to prevent the moths from invading the glasshouse. In the experiment, more than 400 S. litura were captured per trap.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2011

This study aimed to estimate control thresholds for managing common cutworm, Spodoptera litura Faricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different larval densities and growth stages of Chinese cabbage in field conditions. The percent yield reduction (Y) of Chinese cabbage infested by different densities of S. litura (X, no. of larvae/100 plants) for three weeks were estimated by Y=-21.85X+1300 (R2=0.997) 5 days after transplanting and Y=-12.1X+1382 (R2=0.998) 20 days after transplanting. Based on the relationships between the densities of S. litura larvae and the yield index of chinese cabbage, the number of larvae (2nd to 3rd instar) which caused 5% loss of yield was estimated as 2.9/100 plants 5 days after transplanting, and 5.6/100 plants 20 days after transplanting.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 2012

Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and tobacco cutworm (S. litura) are insect pests causing damage in many economically important vegetables in Korea. Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly known as Bt, has been available as an alternative insecticide for many years. Five commercial Bt products and the mixtures evaluate the control efficacy against three kinds of moths. These commercial Bt products had high control efficacy against $2^{nd}$ instar of diamondback moth, but didn't show high mortality against beet armyworm and tobacco cutworm. Mixtures of Bt products didn't have synergistic effects to the tested moths. Also application of twice and four times the recommended concentration didn't improve the control effects against the tested three species of moths.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

A series of experiments was conducted to determine the toxicities of thiodicarb on the six lepidopterous pests (Pseudaletia separata, Plutella xylostella, Palpita indica, Spodoptera exigua, Helicoverpa assulta, Spodoptera litura) and to elucidate factors insecticidal effects mechanism of thiodicarb. Thiodicarb was very effective against six lepidopterous young larvae, but less effective to the old larvae and it acted slowly. Thiodicarb inhibited acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities, but not inhibit esterase activity.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2021

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is a notorious invasive migratory pest native to the tropics that has recently invaded South Korea with subsequent damage to cornfields. This study was conducted to evaluate the damage patterns on corn plants caused by the migratory and subsequent generations of FAW. The early migrant generation-related infestation rates reached an average of 13.2%, ranging from a minimum of 4.3% ('Allog-i') to a maximum of 33.0% ('Chodang'), depending on the corn cultivar. The proportion of FAW larvae-infested corn plants, in which the FAW survived until the pupal stage was 19.3%. The subsequent FAW generation caused considerable damage to the ears, resulting in 60% of ears with damaged kernels. This damage was markedly different from the nearly negligible damage caused by the migratory generation. The FAW larval dispersion was the most dynamic during the second instar stage and occurred along the same cornrow in line. In addition, we discuss the development of corn pant damage patterns caused by FAW. In summary, the results of the present study would provide useful basic information for the damage analysis of this pest for future studies.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 1999

Pathogenicity and multiplication of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, ere analyzed in two insect hosts, Spodoptera exiga (Hubner) and Sp. litura(Fabricius). The estimated ${LC}^{50}s$(lethal concentration of the infective juveniles to kill 50% of the host insect population) were not different between tow insect species or among their developmental stages on the filter paper assay, thought the actual numbers of the infected nematodes were varied among them. The significant variation, however occurred in nematode multiplication between tow inset hosts. Temperature also gave sosignificatn effect on nematode multiplication rate that it took 6 days after infection at $25^{\circ}C$, but did 12 days at $20^{\circ}C$ to show the maximal nematode population peak($\approx$500,000 infective juveniles(IJ) in a 5th instar larva of Sp. litura and $\approx$-100,000 IJ in a 5th instar larva of Sp. exigua).