• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 2009

Fine structure of the dry adhesion system in the tarsal appendages of the jumping spider Plexippus setipes (Araneae: Salticidae) with examined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The jumping spiders have the distinctive attachment apparatus for adhesion on smooth dry surface without sticky fluids. They attach to rough substrates using tarsal claws, however attachment on smooth surfaces is achieved by means of a tuft-like hair called a scopula. All eight legs have the scopulae with a pair of claws on the tip of feet, and each scopula is composed of two groups of setae that are capable of dry adhesion on smooth surface. The apex of each seta is flattened pad bearing many specialized adhesive setules on one side. The cuticular sensillae are interspersed at the dorsal surface of the seta. It has been revealed by this research that the contact area of the setule is always a triangular shape, and these cuticular surfaces are connected by the elongated stalks from the underlying setae. Moreover, adhesion between the numerous setules and the setae was prevented by the microscopic hairs, since these were interspersed on the upper side of the setae.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.157-162
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to develop of macro-protocol and the biosafety guide for 'Nakdong', and 'Golden Rice' (genetically modified vitamin A rice) by large scale field trial of GM crops. Typically, when a new GM crop is created, breeders should conduct field test to make sure the GM crop is safe, and provide some information on GM crops for approval. A total of isolated 4,700 $m^2$ field for trial of GM crops were prepared, and 'Nakdong' and 'Golden rice' were cultivated by standard method of RDA (Rural Development Administration, Korea). Field studies indicated that the population densities of insect pests and natural enemies have no difference between two varieties. While insect pest density on 'Nakdong' was slightly higher than on Golden Rice, but natural enemy density on Golden Rice was a little higher. These results provided the insect diversity for risk assessment analysis of Golden Rice and suggested that the macro-protocol could be useful to detect GM plants.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 1999

Insecticidal activities of imidacloprid to sucking type insect pests, brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and peen peach aphid (GPA Myzus persicae), to chewing type insect pests, tobacco cut worm (TCW; Spodoptera litura) and beet armyworm (BAW, Spodoptera exigua) and to spiders, Pirata subpiraticus, Pachygnata clercki and Ummeliata insecticeps, as natural enemies were investigated by several bioassay methods. $LD_{50}$ of the chemical by topical treatment to BPH was 0.015 ${\mu}g/g$(48 hrs), while $LC_{50}s$ by leaf dipping and root zone treatment were 18.1 and 21.5 ppm, respectively. There was no difference in insecticidal activities between leaf dipping and root zone treatment. Imidacloprid also showed ovicidal effect of root zone treatment and its $LC_{50}$ was 6.8ppm $LD_{50}$ (48 hrs after treatment) of imidacloprid to GPA was $0.4{\mu}g/g$ in case of topical application and $LC_{50}s$ by leaf dipping and root zone treatment were 1.9 ppm and 13.7 ppm respectively. Leaf dipping was more effective than root zone treatment in GPA At topical application $LD_{50}$ (48 hrs after treatment) of imidacloprid to chewing type insect pests, TCW and BAW, were greater than 1,492 and $312{\mu}g/g$ and $LC_{50}s$ by leaf dipping method were 4,803 and Heater than 5,000ppm respectively. This means that imidacloprid has much less effect on chewing type insect pests, TCW and BAW. $LD_{50}$(48 hrs after treatment) of imidacloprid to wandering spiders, Pirata subpiraticus, Pachygnata clercki at topical application were greater dan $2941{\mu}g/g$ and greater than $2,976{\mu}g/g$ respectively and that to webbing spider, Ummeliata insecticeps, was 357 ${\mu}g/g$. Imidacloprid showed very low toxicity to the spiders and its selective toxicity ratios between spiders and BPH were greater than 19,600, greater than 19,800 and 23,800, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.272-276
• /
• 1987

1981년 10월 2일에 울릉도 남양 인근의 수심 5∼7m해저에서 채집되어 해양 연구소에 보관되었던 바다거미류 중 4개체가 신속 ·신종임이 밝혀져 이를 Bradypallene espina르 명명하여 기재한다. 신종은 더듬이다리가 3마디이고(암수) 눈돌기가 머리마디의 앞쪽에 위치하며 다리에 곁발톱이 있는 점, 포란지에 끝발톱이 없는 점으르 보아 기록된 타속에 소속시킬 수가 없다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.251-255
• /
• 2003

As a result of taxonomic study on shrimps collected from Korean waters, one species of the palaemonid shrimp turned out to belong to the genus Onycocaris unreported from Korea. Onycocaris callyspongiae is redescribed and reported for the first time from Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.169-171
• /
• 2003

The life history and natural enemies of Coleophora obducia Meyrick which is a defoliating pest of Larix leptolepis were studied mainly in Chungchongbuk Province. Larix leptoiepis was the only host plant of this pest. Coleophora obducia had one generation per you and the adults emerged from mid May to late May with a peak emergence around May 14th. The mean number of eggs in an ovary was 44.5 and most females oviposited one egg on each needle. The duration of the egg stage was about two weeks. Larvae passed the winter in a pouch made by spinning the needles. Pupation began in the late April, and the pupal period was two weeks on average. The natural enemies observed were parasitoids and predators.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2012

The morphological and histologic differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS) in the wolf spider Arctosa kwangreungensis with respect to postembryonic development are studied using light and scanning electron microscopes. The organization of CNS which consisted of supraesophageal ganglion (SpG) and subesophageal ganglion (SbG) are established prior to the postembryo stage. The brain of first instar spiderling after a molt of the postembryo is also made up of supraesophageal ganglion and subesophageal ganglion. Although development of the optic nerve and optic lobe in SpG are not completed during the postembryoic stage, completion of whole neural system resemble to that of adult are established during the second instar stage. In particular, optic gangalion is developed from the undifferentiated cell clusters of the SpG, moreover four pairs of appendage ganglia and another pairs of abdominal ganglia are produced from the SbG. Nerve cells of the most developing stages are composed of typical monopolar neur1ons, and total three types of neurons can be identified through the histological and morphological basis of present study. These cell clusters are differentiated into neurons and grow dendritic fibers according to further development of the CNS.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.65-72
• /
• 1997

In the present study, acute toxicity data were obtained for hydrogen sulfide to larvae and adults of blue crab Portunus trituberculatus, white shrimp Metapenacus monoceros and prawn Macrobrachium nipponense under continuous flow through system. The larvae 96hr-$LC_{50}$ values of hydrogen sulfide were 7.3, 9.3 and $9.0{\mu}g/\ell$ for P. trituberculatus, M. monoceros and M. nipponense respectively. The larval sensitivity of the three crustaceans studied for the hydrogen sulfide was in the order of P. trituberculatus> M. nipponense> M. monoceros. The adults 96hr-$LC_{50}$ values of hydrogen sulfide were 42.5, 37.8 and $56.6{\mu}g/\ell$ for P. trituberculatus, M. monoceros and M. ripponense, respectively. The order of toxicity of hydrogen sulfide to adults of the three crustaceans was P. tritruberculatus> M. monoceros> M. nipponense. The larval/adult ratios of hydrogen sulfide toxicity were 5.8, 4.1 and 6.3 for P. trituberculatus M. monoceros and M. nipponense respectively, and larvae were found to be more sensitive to hydrogen sulfide than adults in all cases.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.539-559
• /
• 2021

Agricultural ecosystem biodiversity monitoring and community variation analysis of insects were conducted from 2016 to 2018 in selected conventional and organic farming fields in Goesan district, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea. The total number of 1,125 species in 16 orders and 207 families were identified. The numbers of species collected in the locations practicing organic farming were greater than the conventional farming both in the paddy fields (564 vs. 383 species) and the upland fields (471 vs. 365 species). Among them, Hemiptera had the most abundant of species, followed by Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Araneae. We calculated various index values of biodiversity (diversity index H', richness index R, evenness index J', dominance index D, and similarity index QS) based on quantitative measurements of species and individuals collected over three years of field monitoring. Variations in biodiversity index values in different agricultural systems show that the positive effect of organic farming is to produce more biodiversity than conventional farming systems. When compared to other index results reported in Korea, Japan and China, the richness index was higher and other index values were at similar levels.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2000

Spiders usually have poor vision but not the jumping spiders. Their eight eyes are located on its distinctive box-shaped head and relatively well developed. The Spiders were fixated with 3% glutaraldehyde and thin section was performed with ultra-microtome. The specimens were observed with light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Eye area of jumping spider is competed of three rows. The first eye row comprise four eyes. Among them, two anterior median eyes are the largest and two anterior lateral eyes are relatively small. The former are main-eyes and have excellent vision. The second row, which has the two smallest eyes, is located about midway between the first and third rows. The third row is about half-way back on the thorax and eyed of which are middle size. To investigate ultrastructure of salticid spiders'eye, Menemerus fulvus was chosen. All of Menemerus fuvus's eyes are composed of cornea, lens, vitreous body and retina in histologically. Cornea layer, linked to exocuticle of exoskeleton. is regular layer structure without any cell tripe. Lenses are biconvex type. Retinas comprise well developed microvilli-shape rhabdomeres, unpigmented supporting cells, and pigmented cell. Retinas of anterior median eyes are surrounded by circular cylinder-shaped vitreous body, photoreceptor, i.e. rhabdomeres, of it is irregularly arranged compared to the other eyes.