Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture (한국유기농업학회지)

Korean Association of Organic Agriculture (한국유기농업학회)
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Comparative Insect Biodiversity Analyses on the Agricultural Ecosystems of Goesan District of Korea

괴산군 지역 농업 생태계의 곤충 다양성 비교 분석

  • 김훈 (단국대학교 과학기술대학 생명과학부) ;
  • 순옌 (단국대학교 과학기술대학 생명과학부) ;
  • 이승민 (단국대학교 과학기술대학 생명과학부) ;
  • 구본진 (단국대학교 과학기술대학 생명과학부) ;
  • 구윤모 (단국대학교 공공보건과학대학 환경자원경제학과) ;
  • 김태연 (단국대학교 공공보건과학대학 환경자원경제학과) ;
  • 문명진 (단국대학교 과학기술대학 생명과학부)
  • Received : 2020.11.10
  • Accepted : 2021.08.10
  • Published : 2021.11.30
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Abstract

Agricultural ecosystem biodiversity monitoring and community variation analysis of insects were conducted from 2016 to 2018 in selected conventional and organic farming fields in Goesan district, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea. The total number of 1,125 species in 16 orders and 207 families were identified. The numbers of species collected in the locations practicing organic farming were greater than the conventional farming both in the paddy fields (564 vs. 383 species) and the upland fields (471 vs. 365 species). Among them, Hemiptera had the most abundant of species, followed by Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Araneae. We calculated various index values of biodiversity (diversity index H', richness index R, evenness index J', dominance index D, and similarity index QS) based on quantitative measurements of species and individuals collected over three years of field monitoring. Variations in biodiversity index values in different agricultural systems show that the positive effect of organic farming is to produce more biodiversity than conventional farming systems. When compared to other index results reported in Korea, Japan and China, the richness index was higher and other index values were at similar levels.

본 연구는 2016년부터 2018년까지 충청북도 괴산군 일대의 조사지역에서 관행농법 및 유기농법을 시행하는 경작지의 논과 밭을 대상으로 작물 생육 기간 중 출현하는 곤충류(거미류 포함)를 지속적으로 채집하여 농업 생태계의 생물 다양성을 모니터링하였고 농법의 차이에 따른 생물 군집의 변이를 분석하였다. 총 3년간의 조사 기간 동안 25목 219과 1,138종의 곤충류가 채집되었는데, 유기농법을 시행하는 조사지에서 채집된 종 수는 관행농 조사지와 비교하여 논(650종 vs. 426종)과 밭(554종 vs. 404종) 모두에서 높은 종 다양성을 유지한 것으로 확인되었다. 곤충류의 종을 동정하고 채집된 개체 수를 통계 처리하여 목 수준에서 분류군을 비교한 결과, 노린재목에 이어 파리목, 벌목, 딱정벌레목, 거미목 순으로 높은 종 다양성이 관찰되었다. 한편, 현장 모니터링을 통해 채집된 종 및 개체의 정량적 측정을 통해 다양한 생물 다양도 지수를 비교한 결과, 유기농지의 종 다양도 지수(H')와 종균등도 지수(J'), 그리고 종 풍부도 지수(RI) 등이 모두 관행농지에 비해 높은 값을 나타내어, 유기농업이 곤충류 종 다양성에 미치는 긍정적인 효과가 입증되었다. 또한, 우점도 지수(DI)와 유사도 지수(QS) 분석 결과에서도 유기농법을 시행하는 농지의 생물 종 다양성이 관행농지에 비해 간섭받지 않고, 보다 독립적으로 유지됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농림축산식품부의 재원으로 농림수산식품기술기획평가원(농생명산업기술개발사업)의 지원을 받아 연구되었음(과제번호 316032-5).

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