• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 1999

Gonadal development and reproductive cycle off Gomphina melanaegis collected in the coastal waters of Chumunjin, Korea were investigated monthly from April 1996 to April 1997. G. melanaegis was dioecious, The gonads were located between the digestive diverticula and muscle tissues of the foot, The ovary was composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis was composed of several testicular tubules. The flesh weight rate was reached the maximum in August ($23.0\%$), and then decreased to $19.8\%$ in September. In March, the value was reached the minimum ($17.8\%$) and then increased, The size of mature oocyte was ranged $50\~60\mu$m in diameter and had a germinal vesicle with a nucleolus. Mature oocyte contained a large number of yolk granules and lipid granules in its cytoplasm. The spermatozoon was consisted of a conical nucleus with acrosome, a middle piece containing four mitochondria and proximal and distal centrioles, and a flagellum, Sex ratio (male/female) and minimum size for sexual maturation of G. melanaegis were 0.79 and about 25 mm in shell length, respectively. The reproductive cycle could be classified into five succesive stages: multiplicative (December to March), growing (April and May), mature(June), sprawning (July and August), and degenerative and resting (September to November) stages.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 2006

The development of mobile applications is fast in recent years. However, nearly all applications are for messaging, financial, locating services based on simple interactions with mobile users because of the limited screen size, narrow network bandwidth, and low computing power. Processing an algorithm for supporting a group decision process on mobile devices becomes impossible. In this paper, we introduce the mobile-oriented simple interactive procedure for support a group decision making process. The interactive procedure is developed for multiple objective linear programming problems to help the group select a compromising solution in the mobile Internet environment. Our procedure lessens the burden of group decision makers, which is one of necessary conditions of the mobile environment. Only the partial weak order preferences of variables and objectives from group decision makers are enough for searching the best compromising solution. The methodology is designed to avoid any assumption about the shape or existence of the decision makers' utility function. For the purpose of the experimental study of the procedure, we developed a group decision support system in the mobile Internet environment, MOBIGSS and applied to an allocation problem of investor assets.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.10
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

This paper presents a new implementation method of the pulsed NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) apparatus, which contains a single coil in a magnet console, to detect a NMR signal. Applying an RF magnetic field of 5MHz to the magnet console which is designed to have Larmor frequency of 5MHz for hydrogen atom, the hydrogen NMR signal was obtained from the glycerin which was put in the magnet console as a sample. The DC magnetic field in the magnet console was implemented with a permanent magnet of 1168 gauss and the RF magnetic field was generated appling an RF signal with the frequency of 5MHz and the current magnitude of 8A to a coil of 5.73${\mu}$H. The magnitude of the NMR signal was maximum when the RF magnetic field was generated for 2.8 ${\mu}$sec, and the period of generating the RF magnetic field was designed to 100msec for detecting the NMR signal repeatedly. The NMR signal, radiated from the sample in the magnetic console, was appeared as an amplitude-modulated signal with a frequency equal to the Larmor frequency. The signal, induced in the coil, was amplified in the tx/rx separation circuit, preamplifier and intermediate amplifier by a factor of 20.7dB, 36dB and 40dB, respectively, and the signal was detected by a synchronous detection circuits, then the NMR signal was obtained.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the freezomg condition especially focused on extender composition to achieve good post-thaw viability and motility of canine sperm. Semen were collected from 6 male dogs which had been proved to be fertile in the past and were treated for freezing. Equex-STM paste was contained in both the 1st(3%) and the 2nd(7%) diluent and the 2nd diluent was added to the 1st diluent following glycerol equilibration for an hour and a half. To investigate the effect of Equex-STM paste in the extender on post-thaw canine sperm characteristics, the post-thaw viability, motility, and HOS(Hypoosmotic swelling) values were evaluated according to the different composition of extender with or without Equex-STM paste, thawing conditions, and different thawing media added to thawed semen. 1. Canine sperm removed from seminal plasma and frozen )n Sweden extender containing Equex showed higher post-thaw viability, motility, and HOS values than those frozen in the extender containing Equex-STM paste with seminal plasma and those frozen in the extender without Equex and seminal plasma. 2. Canine sperm frozen in Sweden extender containing Equex-STM paste with 5% glycerol showed higher post-thaw viability, motility, and HOS values than those frozen with 3%, 8% glycerol or 5% DMSO. 3. The canine semen frozen in Sweden extender with 5% glycerol and Equex-STM paste showed higher viability, motility, and HOS values when thawed at $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 seconds than when thawed at $37.5^{\circ}C$ for 1 min and at $18-20^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. 4. TFC (tris -fructose-citrate) and PB S (phosphate buffered saline) medium added immediately to thawed canine semen brought better viability, motility, and HOS values for the sperm than those semen added with TGC(tris-glucose-citrate) and no medium. These results indicated that Equex-STM paste in Sweden extender for freezing the canine sperm which were removed from seminal plasma brought good post-thaw viability and motility of canine sperm. Also of the freezing conditions of canine sperm with the same extender containing Equex, the concentration of 5% glycerol, the thawing condition at $70^{\circ}C$ for 8 sec, and TFC and PBS medium added to the thawed semen brought better post-thaw viability and motility of canine sperm than the other conditions used in this study.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.101-113
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• 2021

This paper inquires the macro-economic factors that may affect the corporate venture capital (CVC) from an industrial organization theory perspective. Unlike existing studies focusing CVC investments related to parent corporates' strategic intention, we identified CVC firm as an independent financial investor affected by macro environment and industrial structure. Specifically, we empirically investigate whether and how industry's boom, exogenous crisis, economic growth, and competition intensity affect the CVC investment for a data set of investment in the U.S. based corporate venture capital industry, 1996-2017. The empirical data analyzed in the study contained a total of 84 U.S. based CVC firms and their 2,306 investments from 1996 until 2017. After conducting a time-series negative binomial analysis, our empirical analyses suggest that the CVC investments are affected negatively by exogenous crisis and competition intensity, and positively by industrial boom and economic growth. we found the significance and direction of our independent variables strongly supported all of our four hypotheses in a highly robust manner. The results of this study are expected to contribute the literatures of corporate venture capital and venture investment by illustrating which macro-economic and industrial structure factors affect CVC investment decision to adapt to dynamic environmental change beside strategic intention of CVC firm's parent corporates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of fishery in offshore wind farms and evaluate the risk linked to the presence of turbines and submarine cables in these areas. With this objective, we studied an offshore wind farm in the Southwest Sea and the current state of vessels in the surrounding National Fishing Port. The risk assessment criteria for 22 fishing gears and methods were set by referring to the fishing boats; thereafter, the risk was assessed by experts. The fishing gears and methods that could be safely operated (i.e., associated with low risk) in the offshore wind farm were: single-line fishing, jigging, and the anchovy lift net. The risk was normal so that it is possible to operate, but the fishing gears and methods that need attention are: the set long line, drifting long line, troll line, squid rip hook, octopus pot, webfoot octopus pot, coastal fish pot, stow net on stake, winged stow net, stationary gill net, and drift gill net. Moreover, the fishing gears and methods difficult to operate in the of shore wind farm (i.e., associated with high risk) were: the dredge, beam trawl, and purse seine. Finally, those associated with very high risk and that should not be allowed in offshore wind farms were: the stow net, anchovy drag net, otter trawl, Danish seine, and bottom pair trawl.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2019

This study was conducted to find out the effect that ${\kappa}-Carrageenan$ has on the properties of dog sperm when it was added to the cryoprotectant. Extender basically was contained 1.21 g Trizma base, 0.67 g citric acid, 0.4 g glucose, 0.03 g penicillin G, 0.05 g streptomycin sulfate. Extender1 was added with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5% carrageenan, while extender2 was supplemented with glycerol. After freezing-thawing, the motility, viability, acrosome integrity, apoptosis, and ROS (reactive oxygen specifications) of sperm were measured to analyze the effects of the supplementation of carrageenan. Total Motile (TM), Rapid Progressive Motile (RPM), Medium Progressive Motile (MPM), and Immotile were measured through the CASA system after thawing in 37 degree water. Extender with 0.2% ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ ($64.26{\pm}0.49$) was significantly higher than control ($40.24{\pm}8.27$) (p < 0.05). RPMs of extender with 0.1%, 0.2% ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ ($57.64{\pm}6.34$, $56.47{\pm}1.35$) were significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). Acrosome integrity was measured by dyeing to PSA-FITC with an epifluorescence microscope. Normal acrosome ratio of extender with 0.5% ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ ($61{\pm}8.03$) was higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). Apoptosis was measured with a FACSCalibur flow cytometer using FITC (FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit). Treated groups of ${\kappa}-carrageenan$ of 0.1% ($0.81{\pm}0.05$), 0.2% ($0.85{\pm}0.05$) were significantly higer (p < 0.05) than control. Modified SYBR/PI staining was used for determination of viability and DCF staining was used for evaluation of ROS. Viability and ROS were not significantly different from other groups. In conclusion, adding a certain concentration of carrageenan to the extender of cryopreservation, carrageenan contributes to the improvement of the sperm motility, acrosome integrity and prevention of apoptosis.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2022

In this study, distribution of submarine sand ridges in the coastal waters of Korea was surveyed using multibeam echo sounder data, and the topographic characteristics of each region were identified. For this purpose, the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data was generated using depth data obtained from the Yellow Sea and the South Sea by Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, and then applied the TPI (Topographic Position Index) technique to precisely extract the boundary of the sand ridges. As a result, a total of 200 sand ridges distributed in the coastal waters were identified, and the characteristics of each region of the sedimentary sediments were analyzed by performing statistical analysis on the scale (width, length, perimeter, area, height) and shape (width/length ratio, height/width ratio, linear·branch type, exposure·non-exposure type). The results of this study are expected to be used not only for coastal navigational safety, but also for marine naming support, marine aggregate resource identification, and fisheries resource management.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.20
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• pp.279-292
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• 2015

As the aging society is rapidly coming, the needs for the elderly-friendly living environments was also increasing. The purpose of this study was to examine how frequently 25 neighborhood facilities were used by the elderly and what facility they wanted to be arranged within their walking distance. The subject of this study were 158 elderlies who were their ages of more than 65 years and lived in Busan. The data were collected by using an one to one interview method. Findings were as follows; 1) The elderly used very frequently facility for the elderly such as a senior center, walking road, and park and green space. Also, bus stop, traditional market, and resting facilities were used relatively frequently. 2) Some neighborhood facilities were used not frequently, but periodically. 3) Using frequencies of some neighborhood facilities were different by the elderly's characteristics. 4) Among 25 neighborhood facilities, the facilities which the old persons wanted to be arranged within walking distance were medical clinics, facilities for the elderly, subway station, bus stop, traditional market, park and green space, walking road, and food market/convenience store.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.13-21
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• 2023

In this study, the coastal airborne chlorides were investigated in the Incheon Port, South Korea. Monthly measurements of coastal airborne chlorides were taken for a total of 2 years from September 2021 to August 2023 at 15 locations in North, South, and New Port. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of airborne chloride based on port facilities and measurement environments, as well as the reduction characteristics of the airborne chloride with respect to coastal distance. As a result, the monthly distribution range of the airborne chloride in the North, South, and New Port varied similarly, ranging from 0.4 to 3.3 mdd. Due to the influence of seasonal winds considering the direction of the coastline, both the North Port and South Port had higher the airborne chloride in winter, while the New Port had higher content in summer. The airborne chlorides were higher at locations inside an inland sea compared to those outside an inland sea. This is because the wind coming from the sea passed through the inland sea. Even in the same region with identical coastal distances, there were variations in airborne chloride levels depending on the height above the ground. In tidal zone, the monthly airborne chlorides were significantly higher in the lower part than in the upper part. The rate of decrease equation of airborne chlorides for each port based on the distance from the coastline was derived, and the results showed that as the distance from the coastline increased, the rate of decrease in airborne chlorides was the highest for New Port and the lowest for South Port.