• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.989-998
• /
• 2004

The objectives of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding type of concentrates during growing period and slaughter age on growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in growing-fattening Holstein steers. Treatments were two concentrates feeding types(ad libitum or restricted 1.9% of BW) and three slaughter ages(at 19, 22 or 25 mo). Body weight at slaughter was numerically higher(approx. 8.3%) for the restricted than the ad libitum feeding groups. TDN intake rate was higher(8.4%) for the restricted than the ad libitum feeding groups. One mo slaughter delay increased TDN intake by 4%. Despite the lack of significances, higher back fat thickness and rib-eye area appeared in the restricted feeding or the late slaughter groups compared with the ad libitum feeding or the early slaughter groups. Marbling score(mean 2.46) numerically increased when the steers were restrictively fed concentrates compared with the ad libitum feeding groups. In addition, significant increases in the marbling score were associated with the slaughter age delay. In economic analysis, increases in total income were associated with the restricted feeding and the slaughter age delay. Whereas the highest monthly income appeared in the restricted feeding-and-slaughter at 22 mo group. In conclusion, the optimal feeding system may be 1) the restricted concentrates feeding(1.9% of BW) during growing period and 2) the late slaughter age(22${\sim}$25 mo of age) in growing-fattening Holstein steers fed rice straw.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2011

Pigments in the diet affect yolk colors. Due to variations in both the bioavailability of pigments in chickens and their amounts occurring in the feed ingredients, concern about egg quality arises in terms of yolk color. In this study, the effects of pigments, produced through cell culture in the laboratory, on yolk colors were determined for 4 weeks in laying hens receiving one of the 6 dietary treatments: control diets containing 1) no synthetic pigments (CON); 2) canthaxanthin (4 ppm) purchased from BASF (BASF); 3) cultured cells so that the diet had canthaxanthin at 4 ppm (CX); 4) cultured cells so that the diet had lycopene at 30 ppm (LP); 5) canthaxanthin (4 ppm) that was purified from cultured cells (SPCX); or 6) lycopene (30 ppm) that was purified from cultured cells. Relation between deposition of pigments into yolks and egg production was also tested. Yolk color of eggs from chickens fed dietary CX was significantly enhanced, which was slightly but significantly below that of BASF. Results from other treatments were lower than those of CX. Deposit rates of pigments into yolks were: BASF > CX > SPCX > LP > SPLP. The amounts of pigments, with the exception of SPLP, in feed were not changed during the storage for 4 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. Egg production rates varied among treatments during the initial phase of the study but became relatively uniform at the later stage, except for CON and LP groups. The results of the present study indicate that the deposition of pigments into yolks is independent of egg production.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2018

The present study investigated effect of supplementation of agricultural byproduct on growth performance and blood parameters of broiler chicken using meta-analysis. Total 11 studies (32 experiments) where broiler feeding trials with agricultural byproducts were included were employed in analysis. All studies were conducted at commercial farm placed in South Korea and under commercial feeding programs. Growth phases were divided into two groups based on slaughter day. For growth performance, body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate (feed/gain) were investigated. Carcass weight, dressing percentage, liver and spleen weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride, HDL (High density lipoprotein) and LDL (Low density lipoprotein) cholesterol contents in blood were investigated. Body weight of broiler of treatment was significantly increased than the control (P<0.05), regardless of growth phase. However, body weight gain during late growth phase did not show significant difference between control and treatment. Effect evaluated by random effect model on feed intake was not significant. Effect on feed conversion rate during early growth phase was significantly negative (P<0.05). Effects on carcass weight, dressing percentage, liver and spleen weight were not significant in random effect model. Effect on abdominal fat was significantly negative (P<0.05). In blood parameters, significant effects were found at total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol (P<0.05). Effect on HDL cholesterol only was positive effect, and others were negative.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.1705-1709
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the feeding effects of the dietary supplementation of fermented spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CS47 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (F-SMS) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Thirty two Hanwoo steers were allocated into two feeding groups and assigned equally to two dietary treatments; Control (commercial formula feed for Hanwoo steers and rice straw) and TMR including 30% F-SMS. The nutritional values of TMR including 30% F-SMS was higher crude protein (11.67%) and TDN (72.11%) than rice straw, but not significantly different from commercial formula feed (p<0.05). Feed intake was significantly greater in the TMR including 30% F-SMS than the control (p<0.05), but body weight gain and carcass grades were not influenced by the experimental diets. Based on this study, fermented spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrate with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CS47 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is may be used as an ingredient of feed in TMR for Hanwoo steer.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.393-403
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the productivity of Hanwoo steers by feeding self-product organic rice straw and concentrates(conventional, T1 and organic T2). Sixteen Hanwoo steers(8 months on the average) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Feeding trail was carried out in 2 treatment(8 heads/ treatment) by Hanwoo steers for 600 days form 8 to 28 months in age. The range of average daily gains of T1 and T2 were 0.76 to 0.77kg in the growing stage, 0.93 to 0.90kg in the first fattening stage, 0.99 to 0.84kg in the middle fattening stage, and 0.59 to 0.64kg in the latter fattening, respectively, and the gains for overall period was higher in T1 than in T2. Concentrates and total digestive nutrients(TDN)(T1) intakes per unit of kg gains were higher than T2 without significant difference. In carcass characteristics, the carcass weight in T1 were higher about 5% than in T2. According to the above results, it may be concluded that dry matter(DM) intakes, crude protein(CP) and TDN contents of feedstuff between treatments was no significant difference. but marbling in T2 score was higher than in T1 about 20%. There were no significant differences rib-eye area, back fat thickness and fat color(p>0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

This study is conducted to use the real-time ultrasound measurement data of Hanwoo as basic data being available to improvement. We used the ultrasound measurement data of 1,125 heads of performance tested cattle and the carcass data after castrating at about 12 months of age, fattened to 30 months, and then sold. For 921 heads of progeny tested cattle, we used test data and slaughter data. Heritabilities of ultrasound data for longissimus muscle area and backfat thickness measured at 12 months of age were estimated as 0.57 and- 0.41, respectively, and at 24 months of age, it was 0.57 and- 0.60, respectively, with high heritability. However, in estimation value of heritability containing ultrasound measurement for percent intramuscular fat, it showed low and medium heritability as 0.14 at 12 months of age and 0.22 at 24 months of age for each. The longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, and percent intramuscular fat of ultrasound measure traits and longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, marbling score of carcass traits genetic correlation of at 12 months of age were estimated as 0.616, 0.544, 0.501, respectively and at 24 months of age, it showed high genetic correlation as 0.894, 0.937, 0.263, respectively. As a result of ranking correlation between selection index by using weight, carcass traits at 12 months of age and selection index based on ultrasound measurement data which has high genetic correlation, in data of ultrasound measurement at 12 months of age, it showed high ranking correlation as that selection index of young bull was 0.140 and that of proven bull was 0.843.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical aspects on bovine abortion and stillbirth in Korea. Three hundred thirty eight bovine fetuses were collected from farms and submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Submitted fetuses were evaluated for season, parity and gestation stage on abortion during a 3 years period (June, 1999 to April, 2002). Out of four seasons, incidence of bovine abortion was significantly higher in summer than other seasons (P＜0.05) due to high temperature and humidity. After surveying of incidence of abortion according to parity, it was concentrated in low parity (1, 2 and 3 parity). However, this result was not caused by parity but because most of surveyed cow was low parity. For surveying the distribution of abortion incidence according to days of gestation, we divided the days of gestation into 3 stages including with early (0∼150 days), middle (151∼250 days) and late (251days∼term). Out of 319 aborted fetuses, incidences of abortion were significantly higher in the middle and late stage than early stage (P＜0.05). A high rate (75％) of stock farms did not vaccinate animals, therefore most of cows in Korea were found to have a high risk of becoming infected upon exposure to pathogens. Many of abortions occurred in stock farms where animals of other species were being bred. More studies will be needed to investigate possible linkages between bovine abortion and the breeding of other animal species.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2006

Effects of the supplement of earthworm cast produced from the feeding of organic wastes and earthworm on the productivity and nutritional constituents of functional eggs were investigated. Compared with control experiments, the case supplemented with earthworm cast showed high ratios in egg production, selection and the reserved feed. According to the experiment with earthworm, both the number of jumbo eggs and the quantity of reserved feed were increased. Therefore, the nutritional effect of earthworm in the feed was positive. The optimum percentage of earthworm cast in the feed was 10%: the average laying increased to 96.8, which was a 5% increase; the ratio of the large eggs increased by 5% although the ratio of jumbo eggs and of extra large eggs decreased by 5% and 1.1%, respectively; the average reserved feed was 662.5g. Also, Beauveria bassiana was inoculated into the feed as valuable microorganisms to prevent the growth of pathogen and to obtain essential amino acid. With the inoculatio of B. bassiana KACC 40039, the average laying was 0.82/hen and with B. bassiana HYB, it was 0.77/hen. Those numbers were three to eight percentage over the control. As for the effect of inoculation of B. bassiana in the feed on the production of broken eggs, B. bassiana KACC 40039 produced no broken eggs. Analysis of nutritional contents of eggs showed the increase in protein content and decrease in lipid content when compared with the control. According to these results, increase in the income of farmers can be expected.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.340-348
• /
• 2009

A total of fifty Hanwoo steers raised from 14 to 29 months were used to investigated the effects of dietary mugwort on the performance and meat quality during refrigerated storage. A feeding trial was tested for 14.7 months and experimental diets included 0 and 2% dried wild mugwort. Total weight gain and average daily gain in this study were significantly higher in mugwort treatment than control treatment. Feed efficiency was improved by mugwort treatment compared with control treatment. Any difference in GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyrubic transaminase), and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) was not observed between groups. Carcass weight and longissimus muscle area were higher for mugwort treatment than control. As fattening increased, total cholesterol in blood increased. Total cholesterol in blood tended to be lower in mugwort treatment than control treatment (p<0.05). The heating loss, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, chroma, and hue unit of all treatments were not affected treatment, but showed a significant decrease in all treatments during refrigerated storage. For fatty acid composition in longissimus muscle, dietary mugwort supplementation increased unsaturated fatty acid than saturated fatty acid (p<0.05). Based on these findings, it is obvious that supplementation of mugwort at 2% level will be useful to decrease cholesterol, increase unsaturated fatty acid, and improve growth performance of Hanwoo steers.