• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

This study was carried out to calculate the genic values of days for flowering in commercial breeding lines of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Two breeding lines of pepper '#2132' ($P_1$) early-flowering, and '#1308' ($P_2$) medium-late flowering, and their $F_1$ and $F_2$ generations were used in this study. By using partitioning method (Thseng and Hosokawa, 1971, 1972), it was possible to estimate, from the $F_2$ generations, the number of effective factor pairs differentiating the two parents. It was found out that the two parents were differentiated by two effective factor pairs, A:a and B:b. In the breeding lines used, the inheritance of days to flowering showed that the $F_1$ flowered a little earlier than the earlier flowering parent through the effect of over-dominance. However, $F_2$ flowered earlier or later than both parents through transgressive segregation. Conclusively, the magnitude of genic effects of A-a gene in flowering days was -13.81 days, and B-b gene was -6.73 days. The interaction between the two non-allelic factors using partitioning method was -5.26 days.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2011

This study was carried out in the Chungnam National University grassland experimental field from October, 2007 to December, 2009 in order to find out the growth characteristics of the wildflowers, the seasonal anthesis distribution of the wildflowers, and the botanical composition of the wildflowers which were altogether composed of 70% sheep fescue and 30% wildflowers. The experimental species contained 34 species in total to which sheep fescue (fundamental turfgrass), 4 native wildflowers, and 29 introduced wildflowers belonged. At the time of the anthesis of the wildflowers, the average length was 29.9 cm one year later and 38.4 cm two years later. They bloomed out into nine colors, but into one or three colors during August, September, and October. The blooming season leant toward May and June and from August there was lots of difficulty in the wildflower blooming and the maintenance of their consistency. Especially, at the age of two (2009) the color, seasonal distribution, and consistency emerged as problems owing to the reduction of annual wildflowers after winterization. The annual ration of wildflowers, sheep fescue, and weeds came to 25%, 61%, and 14% each one year later (2008) and 22%, 65%, and 13% each two years later (2009). Based on this result, cultivating wildflower grassland in the ratio of 70% (sheep fescue) to 30% (wildflowers) is the proper method not only for maintaining green space by sheep fescue, but also for commanding a fine view of wild flowers.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate effect of low temperature and $GA_3$ treatment on flowering and cut flower yield of Limonium spp. 'Ocean Blue' and 'Fantasia' in summer and winter cultivations. Plants were kept at $3^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks, and were treated with a foliar spray of $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ at seven weeks after transplanting in both seasons. The effect of low temperature $3^{\circ}C$ for two weeks $GA_3$ application was tested only in winter. In summer cultivation, 'Ocean Blue' and 'Fantasia' of cut flower production by low temperature treatment were increased about 16% and 53%, respectively, while bolting and flowering advanced significantly in 'Ocean Blue' as compared to those in the control. In winter cultivation, growth and development increased, especially, in 'Fantasia'. With low temperature treatment to 'Fantasia' for 4 weeks, cut flower production was increased about 35%. In addition, bolting and flowering were hastened by about 20 and 10 days, respectively. Combined treatment of low temperature and $GA_3$ advanced bolting and flowering with little difference among the cultivars, while, in 'Fantasia' it shortened days to flowering and produced more and best quality flowers as compared to the other treatments and the control.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

Effects of cutting time of double flowered Hydragea serrata for. acuminata native to Korea on flowering and growth of following year were investigated in order to develop as a pot plant. Cuttings were carried out every 10th day from April to September in 2008. The cuttings were directly placed in 15 cm diameter pots. Longest plant was obtained from May cuttings and their average heights were 31.7 cm, and followed by April and July cuttings. Plant heights of August and September cuttings were 23.6 cm and 22.0 cm, respectively. In contrast, growth and height of June cutting were abnormally small. Leaf length, leaf width and petiole length of August and September cutting were reduced, but numbers of leaves were not changed. Average flower cluster numbers of May cuttings were 4 flower clusters, and July, August and September cuttings were 3 clusters while only 1 flower cluster per a plant was obtained during June. Biggest diameter of flower crown was observed from May cuttings and the size was 10.3 cm diameter; however, smaller flower crown size was observed after July cuttings. The best overall flower appearance was observed from May cuttings, and the worst was June cuttings. Even though plant height of August and September cuttings were reduced, flowering aspect and ornamental value were normal, but blooming times were retarded according to late cutting time.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the propagation system by seed to check growth, flowering, and making seed of three-year-old cactus of potted Mammillaria goldii. M. theresae, and M. pseudopeclinata. Plant height and width of them was 2.5~2.8 cm, and 2.8~3.1 cm, and seed formation of Mammillaria goldii and M. theresae had internal body taking130 to 135 days to ripening seeds, however, M. pseudopectinata had externals taking just 26 days to ripening seeds. The mean seeded pod from April to June of M. goldii was 50.0% and the number of seeds in a pod was 25.3. In M. theresae, the mean seeded pod from April to June was 57.3% and the number of seeds in a pod was 35.0. However, the highest rate of seeded pod on May of M. pseudopectinata was 75.0% and the number of seed in a pod was 66.0. The sib crossing was much more ripening seed fertilization than that of self cross ing in the Mammillaria. The self crossing was formed from 12.0% to 20.0% of seeded pod, from 12.0 to 16.0 number of seed in a pod. However, sib crossing obtained 58.0% of seeded pod, 30 seeds in a pod of M. goldii, 65.0% seeded pods and 40 seeds in a pod of M. theresae, and 75.0% seeded pod, 68 seeds in a pod of M. pseudopectinala as the highest of them.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2010

To develop Korean native lilies as mini-potted plants, the effects of plant growth retardants on inhibiting stem elongation and improving flowering rate were evaluated. Bulblets of Lilium concolor var. parthneion (5-7 g) and L. dauricum (3-4 g fresh wt) derived from in vitro culture and then enlarged by field culture were applied with 0, 25, 50, or $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol, diniconazole, and uniconazole through bulb dipping, foliar spray, and drench. In L. concolor var. parthneion, uniconazole dipping most effectively reduced plant height by 60.7-78.3% depending on concentration compared with control without decreasing flowering percentage. In L. dauricum, dipping into diniconazole solution significantly retarded the plant height by 70.0-86.3% and improved flowering percentage by 8.3-18.2% compared to control of 0%. Drench of $25-50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol was also effective on inhibition of stem elongation and improvement of flowering rate. Therefore, dipping into $50-100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ uniconazole solution in L. concolor var. parthneion and dipping into $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole solutions or drench of $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ancymidol in L. dauricum can be useful to produce the mini-potted plants.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

In Chrysanthemum ${\times}$ morifolium, 30 days of continuous short days (SD) are required for flowering. The effects of alternating short day (SD) - long day (LD) - SD treatments was tested in 5 daisy-like single cultivars, 'Limelight', 'Sunlight', 'Candle Light', 'Firebrand', and 'Twilight', Thee other decorative type cultivars, 'Spirit', 'SunburstSpriit', 'Mandalay', and 'Illini Harvest' was also included. Short day treatment was given for 30 days (control: 30SD) and 5 or 10 LD were interposed following 5 or 10 SD. Different responses were noticed when data from all cultivars were combined, showing that flowering was delayed and the number of ray florets were increased by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD. The number of ray florets, 40 florets in 'Firebrand' and 60.8 florets in 'Candlelight' was increased significantly by 5 SD-10 LD-25 SD as compared to the control. There were no adverse effects by SD-LD-SD treatment, except for the delay in flowering time from 6 to 7 days. The number of ray florets in 'Illini Harvest' and 'Limelight' were, however, not increased by any SD-LD-SD treatments. Cultivar dependent responses should further be investigated in other newly available cultivars, and this information could be used to breed new cultivars.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.256-260
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate effects of stock plant management and foliar spray of GA on the flower quality in hydroponically grown chrysanthemum 'Shinma'. In the growth and development as affected by stock plant management, cut flower length, petal number and cut flower weight were the best in the plot of long day and chilling treatment showed 114 cm, 298 and 102 g, respectively. Chlorophyll content(SPAD-value) was the highest in the plot of foliar spray of diluted Molbia(1 : 500). Flower quality according to concentration and spray time of gibberellin showed a different pattern. Cut flower length was the longest in the plot of solution diluted to 1 : 1,000 spraying before flowering at 60 days, petal number was the most in 1 : 500 at 60 days, and cut flower weight was the heaviest in 1 : 2,000 at 60 days, respectively. However, peduncle length was tended to be elongated with foliar spray of gibberellin solution diluted to 1 : 500 or 1 : 1,000 before flowering at 45 days.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.328-331
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• 2009

The white flowered 'Eorayeon 2ho' is a cultivar of Lilium ${\times}$ formolonga developed in Department of Horticultural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea. $F_1$ hybrid LA-77 was selected from the cross between a selected selting line($S_3$) of L. longiflorum 'Lorina' and a selfing line($S_3$) of L. ${\times}$ formolonga 'Augusta' in 2000. The $F_1$ hybrid LA-77 was backcrossed by a selected line of L. ${\times}$ far molonga 'Raizan No. 1' from 2001 to 2002. 'MF-No.2' was preliminarily selected for its upward flowering habit and high plant height. The evaluation of characteristics was investigated from 2003 to 2004 in Chuncheon and Yungweol, Kangwon province. 'Eorayeon 2ho' blooms in early July at outside, with high resistance to Botrytis and showing upward flowering habit. The plant height is 132.6 cm and the percentage of seed germination is 95.3%. Mean tepal length and width are 16.0 em and 4.3 cm, respectively. The length and width of leaf is 12.3 and 3.2 cm, respectively. This seed propagating cultivar shows high plant height suitable for a cut flower.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.214-217
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• 2011

A light pink double freesia (Freesia hybrida Hort.) 'Pink Ribbon' was developed from a cross of breeding a line, 'Pink Jewel' derived 'Michelle' and 'Rossini' and 'Purple Rain' followed by seedling and line selections at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2008. Growth and flowering characteristic tests were conducted from 2004 to 2007. 'Pink Ribbon' has double type flower with light pink color (RHS, RP66C). It has simultaneous flowering of many florets, good flower shape, upright leaves and stalks. The average cut flower yield of 'Purple Rain' observed in the greenhouse from 2005 to 2007 was 7.7 cuttings per plant. It has good production of cormlets, vigorous growth, too. 'Purple Rain' could be cultured under greenhouse conditions in Korea.