• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2010

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) after craniotomy. Methods: This study was a retrospective case-control study of 103 patients who had craniotomies between March 2007 and December 2008. A retrospective review of prospectively collected databases of consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy was done. SSIs were defined by using the Centers for Disease Control criteria. Twenty-six cases (infection) and 77 controls (no infection) were matched for age, gender and time of surgery. Descriptive analysis, t-test, $\chi^2$-test and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The statistical difference between cases and controls was significant for hospital length of stay (>14 days), intensive care unit stay more than 15 days, Glasgrow Coma Scale (GCS) score (${\leq}7$ days), extra-ventricular drainage and coexistent infection. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression and included hospital length of stay of more than 14 days (odds ratio [OR]=23.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.53-216.11) and GCS score (${\leq}7$ scores) (OR=4.71, 95% CI=1.64-13.50). Conclusion: The results of this study show that patients are at high risk for infection when they have a low level of consciousness or their length hospital stay is long term. Nurses have to take an active and continuous approach to infection control to help with patients having these risk factors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1094-1097
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• 2000

Aspergillosis is an opportunistic infection associated with diabetes, alcoholism, use of corticosteroid and transplantation procedure. Aspergillosis of central nervous system is a rare disease and known to show an aggressive course with high mortality. We managed two cases of cerebral aspergillosis, following cranial operation, with combination therapy of surgery and antifungal agents. One patient recorvered but the other patient died. The clinical course of these two patients is presented with review of pertinent literature.

• 복식
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Kyung(景, 景衣), Which is Wedding ceremonial head dress, Veil. Ancient China. When dynasty is changing. wedding head dress form is different. Old china, Kyung(景) was sleeves attached dress form. But. after Dang(唐) and Song(宋) Dynasty changed square formed clothes, which is put on from head to the shoulder, and another is sleeves attached dress form. In Japan. after Edo Dynasty, Wedding veil, which was sleeves attached dress formed, head dress cloth. Mouei(帽衣). and Piuei(被衣). Ancient Korea have been face covered clothes. Myunuei(面衣). from Buyo(夫餘) to the south Silla(남국신라) Dynasty. Koryo(高麗) dynasty. likeness of the Song Dynasty square formed head wear, Mongsu(蒙首), and Kedu(蓋頭). When Chosen(朝鮮) Dynasty, Kyunguei(景衣), which was square formed 12 chuk size head wear of the blue colored veil. When King and Queen finished wedding ceremony in the another palace, Queen following the King, go to the palace. who put on the wedding veil, Kyungui(景衣), in the papanquin.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 1996년도 제6회 학술대회 심포지움
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• pp.85-85
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• 1996

편측성대마비에 대한 치료방법으로 외측에 위치한 성대를 수술적으로 교정하려는 시도는 최근 활발하게 진행되어 Teflon 등을 이용한 성대내 이물주입술, 제Ⅰ형 갑상연골 성형술 및 피열연골 내전술등의 시술들이 시행되어 왔다. 저자들은 최근 후두와 종양으로 개두술을 시행받은 후 발생한 재발성 흡인성 폐렴 및 애성을 주소로 내원한 49세 남자환자를 원인 미상의 우측 편측성 성대마비로 진단하고 제Ⅰ형 갑상연골 성형술을 시행한 후 흡인성 폐렴 및 애성 등의 증상의 현저한 호전을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 술전 Maximal comfortable phonation time(MPT)이 6.24초에서 술후 17초로 증가하는 등 좋은 결과를 얻은 1례를 치험 하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제42집
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• pp.109-141
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• 2022

빛과 어두움이 공존하는 것처럼 만물이 가진 두 가지 측면을 음양(陰陽)이라 한다. 초기의 음양 개념은 단순히 자연현상을 나타내는 표현에 불과하였으나 점차 우주 만물의 생성변화를 설명하는 중심개념이 되었다. 명리학(命理學) 또한 음양론을 기초로 하여 하늘과 땅을 천간(天干)과 지지(地支)로 나누어 이들의 상호관계를 살피는 것을 중요시한다. 본고는 주요 원전의 문헌연구를 통하여 천간과 지지의 상조(相助)와 상극(相剋) 관계에 관한 내용을 분석하여 그 공통점과 차이점을 정리하였다. 천간과 지지가 상조하는 개념에는 통근(通根)과 투간(透干)이 있다. 통근이란 천간에 있는 글자가 지지의 글자에 뿌리를 내렸다는 의미이며, 천간의 통근처(通根處)는 같은 오행의 삼합(三合)과 방합(方合)이 되는 지지이다. 통근력(通根力)을 보는 방법은 첫째, 통근한 자리로 보는데 일간(日干)은 월(月) > 일(日) >시(時> 년(年) 자리 순이며, 다른 천간은 월지>앉은 자리(천간의 바로 아래에 있는 지지 글자) > 가까운 자리(앉은 자리 좌우의 지지 글자) 순이다. 둘째, 통근한 지지 특성으로 보는데 록왕지(祿旺支)·장생지(長生支) > 여기(餘氣) >묘고(墓庫) 지지의 순이다. 투간(透干)은 통근과 그 주체가 바뀐 개념으로 지지의 기운이 천간에 발현된 것을 말하며, 지지에 감춰둔 오행이 밖으로 드러나서 제 역할을 할 수 있게 된다. 천간과 지지가 상극하는 개념에는 개두(蓋頭)와 절각(截脚)이 있다. 개두에 대하여 천간만을 위주로 보고 판단하는 시각과 천간이 지지를 극(剋)하는 관계로 보는 시각이 있어 다소 이견이 있지만 대다수는 천간이 지지를 극하는 것으로 보고 있다. 개두의 상대 개념인 절각은 지지가 천간을 극하여 천간의 기운을 약화시키는 것으로서, 이 둘은 조화롭지 못한 명조(命造)를 만들 가능성이 크다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권3호통권150호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2007

To evaluate the leaf shoots and stem barks of Kalopanax pictus (Araliaceae) as an edible vegetable and a traditional medicinal drug, respectively, the compounds of syringin, liriodendrin, astragalin, quercetin, and kalopanaxsaponins were quantitatively measured by HPLC analysis. The leaf shoot exhibited low contents of syringin, liriodendrin and kalopanaxsaponins but a high chlorogenic acid content, whereas the grown leaves contained very high amounts of kalopananxsaponins. In contrast, the stem bark had very high amounts of syringin and liriodendrin and relatively low kalopanaxsaponins. In particular, the kalopanaxsaponin contents were rapidly increased with monthly variation until October but decreased from September. It was also observed that the leaf shoot contained chlorogenic acid by 30.73 mg/g and the barks showed the concentration of liriodendrin by 20.75 mg/g. These results indicate that high contents of syringin and liriodendrin in the stem bark and high contents of chlorogenic acid in the leaf shoot support scientific bases on the traditional uses of K. pictus as a medicinal drug and a functional food, respectively.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.141-145
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• 1988

뇌실질을 침범한 sparganosis는 매우 희귀한데 본 교실에서는 간질과 좌측 편마비를 동반한 두통을 주소로 입원한 47세 여자 환자의 우측 전두엽의 뇌실질에 있는 Sparganum을 BRW stereotaxic system을 아용하여 개두술을 시행하지 않고도 국소 마취하에서 적출하여 치험하였기에 문헌 고찰도 함께 보고하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1179-1183
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• 2000

Objective : The treatment of malignant posttraumatic brain swelling remains a frustrating endeavor for neurosurgeon. Mortality and morbidity rates remain high depite advances in medical treatment of increased intracranial pressure. If conventional therapy fails in patients suffering from intracranial hypertension, there is only small number of second-tier option left including decompressive craniectomy. The role of decompressive craniectomy in posttraumatic brain swelling remains controversial. We assessed the efficacy and indications of decompressive craniectomy. Methods : The authors performed decompressive bifrontotemporal craniectomy in 22 patients with malignant posttraumatic brain swelling. Epidural pressure monotoring was performed in all patients. The clnical data and surgical outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Result : The favorable outcome(GOS score 4-5) was 59%(13 of 22 patients), whereas the mortality rate was 32% (7 of 22 patients). Two patients(9%) remained in severely disabled state. Increased rate of favorable outcome was seen in the patients who had 8 or more of GCS score at admission and exhibited B wave in ICP monitoring and who showed steady state or slow deterioration in clinical course. Conclusion : If conservative therapy fails, decompressive bifrontotemporal craniectomy should be considered in the management of malignant posttraumatic brain swelling before irreversible ischemic brain damage occur.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.229-246
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• 1998

This dissertation classifies sample patients by a measure of K-DRG to identify the most frequent group. and investigates the differences in the dependency of nursing by patient classification system in the SICU of Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. It also calculates the mean nursing care hours and costs per craniotomy patient, who is shown to be the most frequent patient group. The results of the research can be used as basic data for the development of relevant nursing cost system in the future. The results of the research are as follows: 1. Using data from 97 sample patients, as many as 26 groups are identified when the patients are classified by K-DRG. KDRG-001 (craniotomy) is found to be the most frequent group(43.30%). 2. The result from patient classification system grouping in craniotomy patients shows homogeneity in terms of dependency of nursing with 35 patients in the 4th group, 145 patients(74.36%) are in the 5th group. and 15 patients are in the 6th group among the total 195 sample patients. 3. The direct nursing care hours for the 4th, 5th, and 6th patient classification system groups are found to be 381 minuites. 483 minuites, and 519 minuites, respectively, which shows that the nursing care hours increases as the dependency of nursing is intensified. The indirect nursing care hours are found to be 454 minuites(7.57 hours). The total mean nursing care hours, which is the sum of the direct nursing care hours(467 min.: 7.78 hours) and the indirect nursing care hours (454 min.: 7.57 hours), is 921 minuites(15.35 hours) per patient a day. 4. The nursing care cost is calculated to be 123,297 won per patient a day. Considering the average duration in the ICU, we can find the total nursing care cost is 610,318 won.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2006

To find the monthly variation of kalopanaxsaponin contents in the leaves of Kalopanax pictus with thorns (KPT) and with no thorns (KPN), the leaves monthly collected from May to September were extracted with MeOH and then the kalopanaksaponin fractions were prepared. KPT collected on May showed the lowest saponin content of the KPTs whereas KPT on August exhibited the highest saponin content. From September, the saponin content in the loaves decreased. The highest saponin content was shown to be 7.3% in KPN collected on August. Evaluation of six kalopanaxsaponins A, I, J, B, H and K (KPA, KPI, KPJ, KPB, KPH, and KPK) were performed using TLC densitometer. In this measurement, considerably higher KPB and KPH, both hederagenin bisdesmosides, were found whereas very low contents In monodesrnosides KPI and KPJ were observed. In conclusion, it was shown that the leaves of KPN of August could be a biomaterial source for the kalopanaxsaponin fraction. It was also suggested that measurement of the weight of kalopanaxsaponin fraction and the content of KPB as the representative compound for kalopanaxsaponins will be used for the quantitative evaluation of the kalopanaxsaponins of K. pictus.