• 건강소식
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• v.13 no.8 s.129
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• pp.24-27
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• 1989

• 건강소식
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• v.3 no.1 s.16
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• pp.28-30
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• 1975

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1989

Buprenorphine, one of the mixed agonist-antagonist opioid drugs was used to inverstigate the opioid receptor on frog sciatic nerve A fibers. Action potentials were recorded for 4 hrs by a sucrose gap apparatus which were separated by four rubber membranes. To examine the one of the mechanism of action of buprenorphine, meperidine or naloxone was added after or before the treatment of buprenorphine. The results of this experiment were as follows: 1. Buprenorphine suppressed significantly the compound action potentials of frog sciatic nerve, and the maximal effects were shown both at $10^{-4}\;M$ and at $10^{-8}\;M$. 2. The dose-response relationship of buprenorphine on the depressant effect in frog sciatic nerve was biphasic and inverted U-shaped. 3. Buprenorphine blocked the effect of Meperidine $(10^{-3}\;M)$ on this preparation. 4. The depressant effcct of Buprenorphine on frog sciatic nerve was blocked by $10^{-8}\;M$ naloxone. From the above results, buprenorphine acts as one of agoinist-antagonistic effect on frog sciatic nerve, and the opioid receptor on this preparation is located on or near the intracellular opening of the sodium channels, which are sensitive to naloxone.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

In order to develop an efficient feed for successful growth of Golden frog, Rana plancyi chosenica, larvae, we compared and analyzed the growth of the frog larvae, supplying four different food types. The growth of Golden frog larvae fed a vegetable food of spirogyra and cabbages and a mixture of vegetable and animal foods, TetraMin, a commercial fish food, or eel feed, was faster than that of the larvae fed only organic matters and vegetables collected from natural habitats. Among artificial food types, the mixture of vegetable and animal foods was more efficient for larval growth than the vegetable food. For the successful metamorphosis, the mixture of vegetable food and Tetramin was the most efficient food, comparing other types of food. These results suggest that a mixture of vegetable and animal food mixed in an appropriate proportion would be the most efficient artificial feed for the successful growth and metamorphosis of Golden frog larvae.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2004

We collected crucians (Carassius auratus) and leopard frogs(Rana pipiens) along the Nakdong River and the basin area at five locations from Koomi to Nakdong-estuary. The muscular tissue were separated and a GC-MSD system was used for quantification of PCBs. The 62 PCB congeners which represent total PCB levels were selected as analytes. We determined concentrations of PCBs and studied distribution characteristics by individual congeners and homologs. In the crucian, 24 congeners were detected and total PCB levels ranged from 0.74 to 5.41 ng/g wet weight. In the leopard frog, however, only 2 congeners were detected from Nakdong estuary only. The PCB level was 0.24 ng/g wet weight, around 22 times lower than the crucians. The PCB 153 showed the highest concentrations in the congeners and penta- and hexa-CBs showed the strong predominance which accounted for 78% of the total PCBs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1989

Molecular property as well as biological activities of bombesin-like substance (BBS-LS) isolated from the skin of B. orientalis in Korea was compared with those of synthetic BBS-14. BBS-LS in the crude extract was applied on a Sephadex G-50, superfine column $(1.6{\times}112\;cm)$. On chromatogram, the first peak (3.5% of BBS-LS) was found ahead of synthetic GRP-27, and the second peak (rest) between synthetic GRP-27 and synthetic BBS-14. The main form of BBS-LS was successfully purified by using a column of alkaline alumina followed by sequential gel-filtrations on a column of Sephadex G-10, fine and a column of Sephadex G-50, superfine. Chromatographic analysis of the purified BBS-LS using a column of Sephadex G-50, superfine and reversed phase HPLC revealed that the main form of BBS-LS in the skin of B. orientalis could be distinctly different from either BBS-14 or GRP-27 in molecular size. The purified BBS-LS exerted biological activities quite identical to those of synthetic BBS-14. The results of the present investigation indicate that the skin of B. orientalis contains BBS-LS composed of two distinct forms. The main form of BBS-LS purified in the present study is heterogenous to both synthetic BBS-14 and GRP-27 in molecular size but identical to BBS in biological activities.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-156
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to clarify the differentiation of seminiferous epithelial cells and spermiogenesis in the testis of Rana catesbeiana. Spermatogenesis of R. catesbeiana consists of primary spermatogonia, secondary spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. They were subdivided into eight stages on the basis of the morphological features of the germ cell differentiation. From the spermatocytes except primary spermatogonia to before the spermiation of spermatids were surrounded by spermatocyst. Spermiogenesis of R. catesbeiana can also be divided into three stages on the basis of morphological features of the nucleus and the cytoplasm organelles. Spermatozoon contained a saccular acrosome, a cylindrical and tapered slighty at both ends head, and a tail with only the axoneme.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.261-271
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• 1986

The cutaneous xanthophore differentiation from larvae to adult in Bombina orientalis-the Korean fire bellied toad-is studied with light and electron microscopes. General structure of adult xanthophore which is composed of many pterinosomes and a small quantity of carotenoid vesicles is forming chromatophore complex with other dermal pigment cells. And the cytoplasmic process of xanthophore is distributed just beneath the basement membrane. The first differentiated xanthophore is originated from both rER rich cells and Golgi complex rich cells before and after the feeding larval stage. Formation of the pigment granule is proceeded gradually along the sequental metamorphic stages. After the metamorphosis, rapid multiplication of pterinosome is observed and enlargement of carotenoid vesicle is appeared after hybernation. These pigment granules are seen several structures by the differentiated level.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2014

The kinetic properties and isozyme expression of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; LDH) in tissues from Rana catesbeiana I and II collected from February (I) and August (II) were studied. LDH activities, A4 isozyme, and LDH/citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7; CS) were high in skeletal muscle from R. catesbeiana I, and LDH $B_4$ isozyme increased in several tissues of R. catesbeiana II. In particular, LDH activities were high in heart and brain tissues from R. catesbeiana II. LDH eye-specific C isozyme, detected by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation, was expressed in eye tissue and was more similar to the $B_4$ than $A_4$ isozyme. LDH $A_4$ isozyme was purified by oxamate-linked affinity chromatography, and the molecular weight of subunit A was 32.0 kDa. In R. catesbeiana II, levels of $Km^{PYU}$, $Vmax^{LAC}$, and tolerance to lactate of LDH were high in all tissues, and $Vmax^{PYU}$ of LDH in heart and brain tissue was highly detected. Purified $A_4$ isozyme and LDH in eye tissue were highly tolerate compared to others. The $Km^{LAC}$ value was highly measured compared to $Km^{PYU}$. The degree of inhibition by 10 mM of pyruvate on LDH activities in tissues from R. catesbeiana I and II was more pronounced as the ratio of subunit B increased. As a result, characteristic expression of LDH eye-specific C was found in R. catesbeiana. Anaerobic metabolism seemed to predominate as the LDH of skeletal muscle from I showed higher activity. It also appeared that R. catesbeiana II adapted well to incremental increases in LDH B, becoming tolerant to the lactate of LDH in tissues.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2009

To study reproductive dynamics of a Gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica) population located at Gangnae, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Korea, we monitored the population over 207 days between April 17$^{th}$ 2007 and December 18$^{th}$ 2008 using a drift fence accompanied with 20 pitfall traps. The population was located in an agricultural wetland, compromising three small ponds. Gold-spotted pond frogs immigrated into the wetland between April 16$^{th}$ and June 17$^{th}$ and emigrated from the wetland between September 21$^{st}$ and November 12$^{th}$. Precipitation showed a positive correlation with the number of migrated frogs in Autumn 2007 and Spring 2008, but other environmental factors such as air and water temperatures and relative humidity did not show any significant relationships. In general, small frogs first migrated into and from the wetland, but the trend was not strong. Female gold-spotted pond frogs were bigger than males. During the autumn migration, small frogs of which snout-vent length was smaller than 20 mm were found, indicating that successful breeding occurred in the population. Our results could be useful to conserve this endangered species in Korea.