• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.302-312
• /
• 2006

This study has investigated the effect of Arctic Oscillation (AO) on cold surge through atmospheric circulation and heat source analysis for the past winters from 1979 to 2004. The number of occurrence of cold surge in the negative AO phase is about 14.3% larger than that in the positive AO phase. The number of occurrence of cold surge per a month in the negative (positive) AO phase is about 1.33 (1.05), respectively, indicating that the negative AO phase has about 26.6% larger occurrence than the positive AO phase. It means that the cold surge has occurred frequently in particular months with the negative AO phase. And it also shows that surface temperature in the negative AO phase is about $0.6^{\circ}C$ lower than in positive AO phase. As a result of the analysis for the difference of heat source according to the intensity of AO, it shows that surface air temperature around the Korean peninsula in the negative AO phase is more lower than in positive AO phase by the intensification of cold advection term. However, heat source term cancels out the cooling effect by cold advection term, indicating that it suppresses the decrease in surface air temperature. It results in a small difference of $0.6^{\circ}C$ in surface air temperature between the positive and negative AO phase in spite of the significance of atmospheric circulation change.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2018

This paper aims to evaluate the performance of S University's Premier Global Construction Engineer Training Program. The net impact of the program is evaluated through a quasi-experiment design approach. The competency level of an individual participant is compared with that of a non-participating expert with similar professional background. The results show that the training program contributed to a significant improvement in the professional competencies of the participating students. The competency level was regressed on the subjects of curriculum. The achievements are attributable to a group of subjects focused on the skills for project development such as PPP, feasibility study, and project financing. Another group of subjects found to have significantly contributed to the improved competencies can be categorized as subjects focused on nurturing global perspectives. The paper shows it is possible to quantify the contribution of the program and the results provide a set of information that can be useful in designing and operating similar programs.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.281-290
• /
• 2018

As the internal combustion engine vehicles of high fuel efficiency and low emission are demanded, it becomes important to procure technologies for improving low-temperature performance of automotive catalyst systems. In this study, we showed that the combustion rate of diesel particulate matter is greatly enhanced at low temperature by applying fuel-borne catalyst and perovskite catalyst concurrently. It was tried to examine the correlation between elemental composition of perovskite catalyst and combustion activity of mixed catalyst system. To achieve this goal, we applied temperature-programmed oxidation technique in testing the combustion behavior of perovskite-mixed particulate matter bed which contained the element of fuel-borne catalyst or not. We tried to explain the synergetic action of two catalyst components by comparing the trends of concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide in temperature-programmed oxidation results.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.681-701
• /
• 2009

There were three banks that had the head office in Busan since 1912, Gyong-Nam Bank, Dong-Rae Bank and Busan Commercial Bank. This article tries to catch hold of the characteristics of the establishment and management, and the merging process of three banks. The main stockholders and managers made use of the money of the banks for the enterprises that they operated. Gyong-Nam Bank was combined with Dae-Gu Bank in 1928 to be Dae-Gu Commercial & Industrial Bank. The revised bank ordinance of 1928 regulated that the head office banks had to meet the requirement of the paid-in capital, 2 million yen. Not meeting such an excessive requirement, Dong-Rae Bank was amalgamated to Ho-Nam Bank of Gwang-Ju in 1933. Busan Commercial Bank was absorbed in Cho-Sun Commercial Bank in 1935 because it couldn't get back huge loan from a company which belonged to its three main stockholders. Japanese were already the main stockholders of Cho-Sun Commercial Bank from the beginning of 1920s. The banking agencies were not able to deal with the economic fluctuations effectively, and didn't have any economic organization in support of their profit. Cho-Sun Government-General forced the head office banks to be merged to control the colonial economy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
• /
• 1998.09a
• /
• pp.509-524
• /
• 1998

정보시스템 개발노력의 상당수는 실패로 끝나고 있다. 최근 통계에 따르면 정보시스템 개발 프로젝트의 반은 실패로 끝난다고 한다［kaplan, 1998］. 이와 같은 높은 실패율은 시스템 개발을 위한 노력을 체계적으로 투입하지 못하고 개발 프로젝트를 관리하기 위한 노력을 단위프로젝트 차원에서만 집중시키는데서 연유한다고 생각된다. 다시 말해 장기적인 관점에서 개발조직의 역량 향상이라는 보다 근본적인 목표를 간과하고 있는 것이다. 이러한 점에 착안하여 소프트웨어 엔지니어링 분야에서는 정보시스템 개발과 관련'한 개발 조직의 능력을 향상시키기 위한 다양한 접근방법이 제시되고 있다. 개발조직의 개발 프로세스 성숙도를 진단하기 위한 측정도구로 개발된 카네기멜론대학의 CMM(Capability Maturity Model)과 ISO 에서 정의한 표준인 SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination) 모델이 그 대표적인 예에 속한다. 그러나 이와 같은 모델들은 개발조직의 프로세스 개선을 위한 방향과 요건은 제시하고 있지만, 이를 조직 내에서 구현하기 위한 구체적인 방법이나 수단은 제시해주지 못하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 접근방법 역시 소프트웨어 엔지니어링 역량 이나 개발경험이 일천한 우리 현실에서는 부분적인 성과 이상을 기대하기는 어려웠다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 문제점이 개발 프로젝트와 관련된 경험이나 지식을 효과적으로 추출하고, 획득하고, 체계화하고, 시스템화하여 조직 내에서 활용하려는 노력이 부족한기 때문이라고 본다. 이에 본 연구에서는 개발조직의 역량 향상을 위한 지식관리적 접근 방법의 세가지 유형을 제시하기로 한다.>$Ca^{2＋}$ 는 뿌리에서, $Mg^{2＋}$ 는 잎에서 많았으며, $PO_4$$^{-}$ 는 과실과 줄기에서 많았다. 배지간에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2＋}$ 및 $Mg^{2＋}$ 는10:0에서, $PO_4$$^{-}$ 는 8:2에서 각각 많았다.해 제품을 판매하였으며, 기업 및 제품이미지 제고를 위한 고객에 대한 서비스도 강화하고 있었다. 통신기기업체내지 소프트웨어 산업으로의 진출이 가능할 수 있도록 상호진출을 허용할 필요가 있다고 본다. 이를 위해서 우리 나라 정부 역시 미국처럼 새로운 통신개혁법을 만들 필요가 있다. 새로운 통신개혁법의 핵심적인 사항으로서 첫째, 통신과 CATV간의 상호진입을 허용, 둘째, 통신사업자가 통신관련 기기산업에 참여할 수 있는 규제완화를 허용, 셋째, 유아단계에 있는 소프트웨어 및 컨테트산업을 육성하는데 산업육성책 수립 등을 적극적으로 추진하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 현재 국내 재벌기업들로 구성되어 있는 기반산업을 지원하는 기술개발 지원체제와 육성정책을 소프트웨어 및 컨텐트의 응용산업으로 개편할 필요성도 제시되며, 이를 위해 범부처 차원에서 소프트웨어 및 컨텐트 육성정책을 지원하는 종합적인 대책을 마련해야 한다고 본다.서, Li-K, Li-Na탄산염에 대하여 부 식거동을 검토한 결과, 가압하에서 내식성이 향상되는 것이 발견되었다. 이유로서는 가압하에서 용융탄산엽의 증가된 산화력으로 보다 치밀한 내식성 산화물 피막이 형성되기 때문으로 생각되고 있다. 또

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.175-196
• /
• 2014

This paper is a theoretical attempt to analyze and understand Yeonjulmang and Yeongyeolmang, which are terms for social networks with negative and positive connotation respectively in Korean Sociology. To do that, we analyze a social network where unilateral help are reciprocated. A social network in this context is a network where the past behaviors of its members are transmitted. With the information how the members behaved before, a social norm can emerge in the network, which facilitate the indirect reciprocation of unilateral help. In this norm, an agent's helping now will be rewarded by his being helped in the future. Since the reward happens in the future, this norm may not be sustained even if it is efficient. To sustain the reciprocation of the help, a norm can evolve to punish the violation of the norm more severely. If the punishment becomes too severe, the reciprocation of the help can be sustained even if it is not efficient any more in that the cost of help exceeds the benefit. If we allow the exit of the network, members have incentive to do it as belonging to the network is not beneficial any more. Then the social network may collapse. To avoid the collapse of the network, the exclusive norm, which exclude even mutually beneficial relationship with outsiders, may emerge. This can explain the emergence of Yeonjulmang, or a closed network, which is inefficient in double senses; 1) it may sustain inefficient reciprocation of help, and 2) the mutually beneficial relationship is excluded between an insider and an outsider of the network.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.805-821
• /
• 2020

Cyber defense exercise should require training on the latest cyber attacks and have a similar process to defense cyber attacks. In addition, it is also important to train on cyber resilience that can perform normal tasks or support equivalent tasks regardless of cyber attacks. In this paper, we proposed and developed a cyber range that can strengthen the elements of cyber resilience by performing cyber defense exercise in real time based on the cyber crisis alert issued when a cyber attack occurs in Korea. When BLUE, YELLOW, ORANGE, and RED warnings are issued according to the cyber crisis, our system performs proactive response, real time response, and post response according to the alarm. It can improve trainee's capability to respond to cyber threats by performing cyber defense exercise in a cyber crisis environment similar to the actual situation of Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.397-404
• /
• 2010

The Currently, most cargos of container transshipment between Busan Port and New Port are transported over land, and the rest is transported by barge. This study estimated firstly the traffic between those ports through simulations in order to analyze the feasibility of container transshipment by barge. It forecasted annual profitability using determinants to affect on the barge business by the traffic, and then, discussed the feasibility. This study supposed the flexible scenarios with 50%, 60%, 80%, or 100% transshipment and the 25 monthly barge service numbers between two ports, and measured the influences of different factors according to the above various scenarios. And then the sales were evaluated by the different traffics and freights scenarios provided the business would be actually operated. Finally, Net incomes were simulated to analyze the feasibility of different scenarios by various traffics and freights. The net income should be positive to get the feasibility. To achieve this, the minimum traffic should be secured and the lowest freight per TEU should be determined. While all countries of the world is controlling CO2 emissions and emphasizes the green logistics, this study contributed to solve at the same time the problems about the pollution and the efficiency of transportation by reviewing positively the feasibility of barge transportation as an alternative to transportation overland.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.264-273
• /
• 2016

This study examined the relationships among halitosis, stress and psychological status using a cross-sectional survey of 3,689 adolescents (1,805 male 1,884 female) from the 2010 Korean Survey on the Health of Youth and Children. The related factors of halitosis were checked and the path model was also examined using AMOS 19.0 programs. The prevalence of halitosis was 27.4%. Based on path analysis, the significant coefficients paths were as follows: $halitosis{\rightarrow}stress$, $halitosis{\rightarrow}depression$, $halitosis{\rightarrow}anxiety$, $halitosis{\rightarrow}tension$, $halitosis{\rightarrow}hostility$. Halitosis had an indirect effect on the psychological status linked to depression, anxiety, tension, and hostility via stress. Overall, the results provide stronger support for the halitosis impact of stress and psychological health. Moreover, the effective prevention of halitosis may be important for understanding the specific psychological factors.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.16C no.2
• /
• pp.165-182
• /
• 2009

Mobile IPv6 spends considerable bandwidth considering that its signal volume is proportional to the mobile and also it should be strengthened to support the binding signal volume, the traffic, and effective mobility. So, the study in NEMO(Network Mobility), an extended version of Mobile IPv6, has been conducted. NEMO provides its mobility by putting several mobiles and more than one portable router into one unit called as mobile network. Because nodes access Internet via the portable router at this time, it receives transparency without any additional work and that much reduces binding signal while solving binding storm. By supporting mobility, NEMO is able to have various mobile structures which realize several networks hierarchically and it is necessary to improve its safety and security by authenticating among the upper networks or the lower ones while moving. Also, it is extremely required to begin a study in the device to improve efficiency accompanied with mobility, which is executed by the fast hand-off as well as the safe authentication. For those reasons, this paper not only classifies various NEMO mobile scenarios into 7 ways, but also provides AAA authentication of each scenario, the authentication through the safety authentication and fast handoff authentication using F+HMIPv6 and the way to reduce both signaling volume and packet delays efficiently during the handoff.