• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.156-166
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• 2003

Purpose: To investigate the effects of self-management course in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Method: Forty-nine subjects were sampled according to research criteria, and divided into two groups: 24 of the experimental group and 25 of control group. To the experimental group, self-management course which developed by the investigators was applied for 6 weeks, each session adopted for two hours per week and additional 30-minutes exercise was carried out two times a week. Result: After participating the self-management course in experimental group, 1) the degree of pain was significantly decreased 2) significant improvement in the flexibility of lumbar spine, 3) uncertainty was significantly decreased. 4) Self-efficacy was not changed between the two groups after self-management course. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the self-management course could be effective in improving the flexibility of lumbar spine and decreasing pain, and uncertainty in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.50-59
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• 2009

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy on physical function of patients with anklyosing spondylitis (AS) through the systemic review and meta-analysis. The 54 studies were identified from computerized search of published researches on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, KISS, KERIS database until February, 2008 and review of reference lists. The main search terms were the combination "ankylosing spondylitis", "exercise", "spondyloarthropathy and exercise", "ankylosing spondylitis and physical therapy". The subgroup analysis was performed by the publication year, quality score, type of disease, content of intervention, intervention provider, type of intervention, method of intervention, intervention period and the point of outcome measured. Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the quality and extracted the data. The result was as follows: The 10 trials were eligible for inclusion criteria, then the systematic review and meta-analysis was assessed on effectiveness of exercise therapy. The meta-analysis of 10 studies based on the random effect model showed that the exercise therapy was beneficial in treating the diseases (effect size .55; 95% confidence interval -.3.75~.61). The findings suggest that the exercise therapy would be appropriate to manage the physical function of AS with evidence based on Meta-analysis. Therefore, the exercise therapy supervised by physical therapist should be recognized as the essential approach to manage the AS and necessarily recommended to improve physical function.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease presenting progressive spinal stiffness and sacroiliitis. Cervical spine fracture combined with AS should be treated with operation, but it is closely related with increased rates of surgical site infection, which are associated with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and elevated C-reactive protein. We report a case of delayed postoperative infection appeared in cervical paravertebral space, which was masked by laboratory findings and clinical characteristics represented in this rheumatic disease. A 53-year-old man who had medical history of AS got operation after cervical spine fracture. During hospitalization, he experienced aching pain originating from left posterior neck to shoulder, which was revealed out to be delayed postoperative infection, diagnostically obscured by elevated values of inflammatory markers. This case emphasizes detailed evaluation considering symptoms and comorbidity of the patient should be performed to apply proper management.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 1990

골 신티그라피에서 신장이 희미하게 보이거나 전혀 안보이게 되는(이하 신장 영상 비출현이라 함) 원인 질환을 파악하고, 또 골 신티그라피에서 골전이가 발견된 여러 악성종양에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도 및 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 여러 악성종양의 골전이 범위를 관찰하기 위하여, 서울대학교 병원에서 최근 6년간 시행한 골 신티그람 중 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 889개를 재검토하였다. 신장영상 비출현의 원인 질환으로는 신부전이 대부분을 차지하였으나(816/889 : 91.8%), 신장 질환이 없는 경우에서는 광범위한 골전이가 가장 많았으며 (53/889 : 6.0%), 그 원발부위는 전립선암 (19/53 : 35.8%), 위암(14/53 : 26.4%), 유방암(5/53 : 9.4%), 폐암(4/53 : 7.5%) 신세포암(2/53 : 3.8%), 방광암(1/53 : 1.9%), 원발부위 미상(8/53 : 15.1%)으로 전립선암과 위암이 가장 많았다. 특히 강직성 척추염 4예, 류마토이드 관절염 3예, 성인형의 골화석증 1예에서 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보여 이채로왔으며, 이 밖에 원발성 부갑상선 기능항진증 및 그레이브스병이 각 1예씩 있었으며 원인을 알 수 없는 경우가 10예 있었다. 전립선암 140예중 골 신티그라피에서 골전이가 발견된 예는 108예(77.1%), 이중 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 예는 19예(19/108, 17 6%)이었으며, 위암에서는 각각 328예, 162예(49.4%), 14예 (8.6%), 유방암에서는 각각 1754예, 730예 (41.6%), 5예(0.7%), 폐암에서는 각각 1105예, 596예(53.9%), 4예(0.7%), 방광암에서는 각각 247예, 110예(44.5%), 1예(0.9%)로 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높아 주목되었다. 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 소견을 보이는 악성종양 환자의 골 신티그람 53개중 44개 (83.0%)에서 척추 및 늑골에 미만성, 또는 다발성 침습이 관찰되었다. 또 골전이 부위를 두개골, 척추, 견대부, 늑골, 골반, 사지의 근위부 장골의 6개 부위로 나누어 분석할 경우 49개(92.5%)에서 3부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었고, 35개(66.0%)에서 4부위 이상에 전이가 발견되었으며, 5부위 이상, 6개 부위에 모두 전이가 발견된 것은 각각 20개 (37 7%), 11개(20.8%)이었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 악성종양 환자의 골 신피그라피에서 신장 영상의 비출현은 종양의 광범위한 골전이를 간접적으로 시사하는 소견으로 생각된다. 여러 악성종양중 전립선암에서 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 가장 높았으며, 특히 위암에서 골전이 및 신장 영상 비출현의 빈도가 높음은 주목할 만한 것이라 하겠다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.246-253
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• 2015

Background & Object: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ankylosis and deformation of axial joints. Since current medicine cannot cure the disease yet, alleviating pain and preventing deformation with medications are the main therapy for patients with AS. The key medications for these purposes include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) inhibitors. This study aims to analyze prescribing patterns of AS patients in South Korea. Method: National Patients Sample data compiled by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2013 was analyzed. Patients with AS were identified with Korean Standard Classification of Diseases code-6, which was M45. The rates of prescription, discontinuation, and switching ingredients were calculated for each medication during 2013. Results: Total number of patients was 655, and most of them were male (n = 514, 78.5%). Of all age groups, the proportion of 30-40 year old patients was the greatest (35.1%). The most utilized drug class was NSAIDs (82.4%). Less than half of patients were prescribed $TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitors (n = 212, 32.4%). Meloxicam, aceclofenac, and celecoxib were the most frequently prescribed NSAIDs. In case of $TNF-{\alpha}$ inhibitors, adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab were the top three most prescribed drugs. Although not recommended by the current practice guideline, significant proportions of patients were identified using disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Conclusion: Considering the current practice guideline and previous studies about the efficacy, the use of DMARDs should be reduced and medical insurance term in South Korea should be re-examined.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.23-38
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• 2012

Objective : Ankylosing Spodylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is notorious for its difficulty to cure. This study aims to interpret the mechanism of AS in the Traditional Korean Medical(TKM) perspective, and to understand the role of the spine. Method : Clinical manifestations of AS, epidemiological data and clinical cases were interpreted by traditional methodology. Result : The young age group of patients suffering from this condition suggests that the cause of this condition is not solely linked to deficiency of the Kidney[腎], which is a general cause for bone disease. Its symptoms are linked to obstruction in the upper body, which results in disturbance of Jeong(精) collection in the lower body. Based on other accompanying symptoms, together with its character as an autoimmune disease, a strong link to the spirit of the heart[心神] can be suggested. Conclusion : AS is closely linked not only to essence of kidney[腎陰], but to the spirit of the heart[心神] as well. From the TKM analysis of the spine, we can understand it as the basic pathway for the fundamental Gi(氣) circulation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.234-246
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• 2002

Objective : Ankylosing spondylitic is a chronic inflammatory disease which most frequently the sacro-iliac joints of young men and known as rare disease. There was no clinical report on functional assessment of ankylosing spondylitis. In order to evaluate the effect of clinical treatment, it was necessary to apply valuable and useful of assessment. Methods : We evaluate 1 cases of diagnosed patient with askylosing spondylitis by AIMS2, M-HAQ, K-HAQ, BASFI, and BASDAI after a series of herbal acupuncture treatment.(Solution of herbal acupuncture is made of vaporizing extraction method from the prescription Sineumheo 1.) Results : Herbal acupuncture had relieved pain and morning stiffness successfully and recovered ankylosing spondylitis functionally. Conclusion : 1. Herbal acupuncture had relieved pain and morning stiffness of ankylosing spondylitis. 2. AIMS2 was not useful to evaluate ankylosing spondylitis because of long evaluation time and low specificity. 3. Although there is no translation version of them, BASFI, and BASDAI are clinically useful of assessment, because of short evaluation time and high specificity. 4. K-HAQ with M-HAQ is useful to evaluate the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis because of snort evaluation time and high specificity.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.167-187
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• 2003

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is one of the most common forms of chronic arthritis causing pain and progressive disability. The purposes of this study were 1) to develop an offline educational program and online educational program for the patients with ankylosing spondylitis; and 2) to test the effectiveness of each program in terms of changes in ankylosing spondylitis self-efficacy, exercise continuity disease activity, physical functioning, and depression. The convenient samples for three groups were selected acceding to the inclusion criteria. Online education group consists of 7 patients, and 14 patients were included for the offline group, while 12 patients were assigned to the control group. Outcomes variables included self efficacy, exercise continuity, disease activity, physical function, and depression and the reliability of each measure was ranged from .88 to .95 in the present study. The offline educational program demonstrated positive effects on self-efficacy, exercise continuity, disease activity, and depression, whereas the online educational program on exercise continuity, disease activity, and depression. The self-efficacy was showed positive effect only in the offline educational program, whereas physical functioning did not improve in both intervention groups. These partial improvements may be due to the small sample size and the methods of online education program. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the offline and online educational programs was partially supported in the present study. For the improvement of these programs, the further study would be necessary to apply this kind of intervention program with larger sample and to test the psychometric of the newly development tools.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1991

To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of quantitative sacroiliac joint scintigraphy and its clinical significance in the ankylosing spondylitis, we measured SIS ratio (Sacroiliac Joint/Sacrum Uptake ratio) by region of interest method in 52 patients with ankylosing spondylitis. As compared with radiological grade, SIS ratio was significantly elevated in the early stage of ankylosing spondylitis and returned to normal range in the late stage. Scintigraphic finding of focal uptakes of radiotracer at multiple spinal apophyseal joints was characteristic and proximal large joints were more involved than distal joints. The incidence and extent of the arthropathy revealed by scnitigraphy exceeded that which was clinically evident, and scintigraphy was more sensitive to detect symptomatic lesion than radiography. Therefore, it is suggested that bone scan is useful for the early diagnosis and the assessment of clinical activity of involved joints of ankylosing spondylitis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a disease-specific exercise (DSE) on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and neck mobility in TMJ dysfunction associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Ten AS patients (seven males and three females) with TMJ dysfunction were recruited for this study. The DSE included exercises to correct head and neck posture and to improve the flexibility of the neck and TMJs. The patients attended treatment three times a week for 4 weeks, averaging 1 hour each session. Assessments were performed pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6 weeks after the completion of treatment. General physical status was assessed by four clinical measures (tragus-to-wall distance, modified Schober test, lumbar side flexion, and intermalleolar distance), the Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index (BASFI), and the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index. The main outcome measures included TMJ function (craniomandibular index (CMI)), and neck mobility (flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral rotation). None of the measures of general physical status, with the exception of BASFI, were significant1y different between the pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-week follow-up (p>.05). However, CMI and all neck movements, except for extension, significant1y improved after the treatment (p<.05). These improvements were maintained during the follow-up period. The DSE used in the present study seems to be a clinical1y useful method for managing patients with symptoms from the stomatognathic system in AS. Further studies with more subjects and longer treatment times, including the follow-up period, will be conducted to validate these findings.