• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3030-3036
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of mechanical in-exsufflator (MI-E) with on pulmonary rehabilitation in stroke patients with trachostomy tube. Methods： We studied ten stroke patients who had neither history nor radiologic finding of pulmonary disease. The pulmonary function was evaluated by measuring forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC) The capacity of cough was evaluated by measuring manual assisted peak cough flow (MPCF). Data were analyzed statistically using repeated ANOVA test. Results：The results were as follows : 1) There are significant improvement of FVC and FEV1 according to training period (p<.05). 2) There are significant improvement of MPCF according to training period (p<.05). Conclusion：These results suggest that MI-E training can be used as an effective therapeutic modality for improvement of pulmonary function and capacity of cough in stroke patients with tracheostomy.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2008

The present study conducts a series of experiments to develop a novel air supplying module for a micro fuel cell using piezoelectric linear actuator. An intermittently and operating air breathing module with reciprocating motion of the linear actuator has been suggested in the present study. A test bench for a micro fuel cell system has been constructed to estimate performance of the active fuel cell system using the air supplying module. With the stroke and operating duty as main control parameters, the optimal operating method of the air supplying module has been discussed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.167-180
• /
• 1994

In order to inquire the most effective management of increased intracranial pressure(ICP), mannitol, steroid and hyperventilation were used in rabbits after ligation or non-ligation of the carotid artery. Mannitol was more effective than steroid and hyperventilation in the degree of the reduction of ICP. The intracranial pressure was decreased 43~45% for 25~30 minutes after injection of mannitol. Steroid was less effective than mannitol in the degree of the reduction of ICP. But the time of reduction of ICP was longer, that is, the degree of reduction was 24~60 minutes after injection of steroid. Hyperventilation is effective in the initial time only, for 10 minutes after hyperventilation. The degree of ICP reduction was 13.5~16.7% for 10 minutes after hyperventilation. The combined group, that is three kinds of mangenent were used, is the most effective treatment to reduce ICP of ICP. The degree of the reduction of ICP was 42.1~49.3% for 20 minutes, 47.7~52.5% for 30minnutes. There was no significant difference between ligation and non-ligation group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.243-255
• /
• 2017

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency treatment that stimulates blood circulation and breathing when the function of the heart stops or stops breathing. CPR can be divided by basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS). BLS involves the use of chest compression to force the blood flow to the main organs, rescue breathing to improve the breathing to the respiratory failure patient and the use automated external defibrillator (AED). The categories of advanced life support include advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) for adult and pediatric advanced life support (PALS) for children. In the treatment of dental care for children, which is extremely difficult to deal with, and for a variety of reasons, the use of sedation is considered to treat the children who are unlikely to cooperate with dentistry. This is why there is an increasing possibility of an emergency situation involving cardiac arrest. PALS includes the BLS, and it presents a systematic algorithm to treat respiratory failure, shock and cardiogenic cardiac arrest. In order to manage emergency situations in the pediatric dental clinic, respiratory support is most important. Therefore, mastering professional PALS, which includes respiratory care and core cases, particularly upper airway obstruction and respiratory depression caused by a respiratory control problem, would be highly desirable for a physician who treats pediatric dental patients. Regular training and renewal training every two years is necessary to be able to immediately implement professional skills in emergency situations.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.283-294
• /
• 2004

Air quality in the livestock waste compost pilot plant at the Colligate Livestock Station was assessed to quantity the emissions of aerial contaminants and evaluate the degree of correlation between them for different operation strategies; with the ventilation types and agitation of compost pile, in this study. The parameters analyzed to reflect the level of air quality in the livestock waste compost pilot plant were the gaseous contaminants; ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration, the particulate contaminants; inhalable dust and respirable dust, and the biological contaminants; total airborne bacteria and fungi. The mean concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration in the compost pilot plant without agitation were 2.45ppm, 19.96ppb, and 15.8 when it was naturally ventilated, and 7.61ppm, 31.36ppb, and 30.2 when mechanically ventilated. Those with agitation were 5.50ppm, 14.69ppb, and 46.4 when naturally ventilated, and 30.12ppm, 39.91ppb, and 205.5 when mechanically ventilated. The mean concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust in the compost pilot plant without agitation were 368.6${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 96.0${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 283.9${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 119.5${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. They were also observed with agitation to 208.7${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 139.8${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 209.2${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 131.7${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. Averaged concentrations of total airborne bacteria and fungi in the compost pilot plant without agitation were observed to 28,673cfu/$m^3$ and 22,507cfu/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 7,462cfu/$m^3$ and 3,228cfu/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. They were also observed with agitation to 19,592cfu/$m^3$ and 26,376cfu/$m^3$ with the natural ventilation, and 18,645cfu/$m^3$ and 24,581cfu/$m^3$ with the mechanical ventilation. It showed that the emission rates of gaseous pollutants, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration, in the compost pilot plant operated with the mechanical ventilation and with the agitation of compost pile were higher than those with the natural ventilation and without the agitation. While the concentrations of inhalable dust and total airborne bacteria in the compost pilot plant with the natural ventilation and with the agitation, the concentrations of respirable dust and total airborne fungi in the compost pilot plant with the mechanical ventilation and agitation were higher than those with the natural ventilation and without the agitation of compost pile. It was statistically proved that indoor temperature and relative humidity affected the release of particulates and biological pollutants, and ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were believed primary malodorous compounds emitted from the compost pilot plant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.360-365
• /
• 2010

The effects of precooling treatments on the storability of chicon were investigated during modified atmosphere (MA) storage. The forced air cooling showed faster precooling rate that reduced the internal temperature of chicon to $2{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and the precooling time of forced air cooling was 1/6 of room cooling. The half cooling time was 3 hr 21 min in room cooling and 1 hr 17 min in forced air cooling. Weight loss was less than 0.5% in all treatments both $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ MA storage and maintained higher in forced air cooling treatment. The concentration of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene of $50{\mu}m$ ceramic film packages were observed higher at $10^{\circ}C$ than $5^{\circ}C$. The precooling effect on respiration reduction was not shown at $5^{\circ}C$, but appeared that the gas concentration of precooling treatments showed less carbon dioxide and higher oxygen than non precooling treatment by 9 days after $10^{\circ}C$ storage. Ethylene concentration of precooling treatments showed lower than non precooling treatment until 3 days both $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ MA storage. Precooling showed the effect on maintaining visual quality of chicon both $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ MA storage. However, the forced air cooling that showed faster precooling rate did not appeared more precooling effect on the visual quality than room cooling because the fast air flow (6.0 m/sec) of forced air cooling hit directly on chicon outer leaves and might cause physical damage to chicon. Although the forced air cooling showed the effect on maintaining quality of chicon, but additional studies should be needed that investigated proper air flow rate and cooling box structure can prevent physical damage by air flow.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.8
• /
• pp.897-904
• /
• 1996

A preoperative prediction of postoperative pulmonary function after the pulmonary resection should be made to prevent serious complications and postoperative mortality. There are several methods to predict postoperative lung function but the 99m7c-MAA perfusion lung scan is known as simple, inexpensive and easily tolerated method for patients. We studied the accuracy of the perfusion lung scan in predicting postoperative lung function on 34 patients who received either the resection of one lobe(17 patients) or 2 lobes(2 patients) or pneumonictomy(15 patients). We performed pulmonary function test and lung scan immediately before the operation and calculated the postoperative lung function by substracting the regional lung function which will be rejected. We compared this predictive value to the observed pulmonary function which was done 20 days after the surgery. We also compared the data achieved from 12 patients ho received open thoracotomy due to intrathoracic disease that are not confined in the lung. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and observed value of FEVI .0 was 0.423, FVC was 0.557 in the pneumonectomy group and FEVI . 0 was 0.693, FVC was 0.591 in the lobectomy group. The correlation coefnclent between the'postoperative value and preoperative value of FEVI .0 was 0.528, FVC was 0.502 in the resectional group and FEVI .0 was 0.871, FVC was 0.896 in the comparatives. We concluded that the perfusion lung scan is accllrate in predicting post-resectional pulmonary function.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2009

EMMC(Entrapped Mixed Microbial Cell) process which is a kind of active cell immobilizing method was applied to treat fisheries processing wastewater biologically. Kinetic constants were calculated for organic and nitrogen removal and effect of effluent recycling on system performance was evaluated also. Yield coefficient, Y showed relatively low value compared with Y value obtained from conventional activated sludge process. It means that EMMC process can reduce amount of excess sludge significantly compared with conventional activated sludge process. Endogenous respiration coefficient $k_e$ of EMMC process also showed relatively low value compared with that of conventional activated sludge process. Yield coefficient Y, endogenous respiration coefficient $k_e$ and half saturation constant $k_s$ obtained from EMMC process in terms of nitrification were compared with reported value from literature based on suspended growth nitrification system. The value of Y obtained from this study has no difference compared with values obtained from literature review and $k_e$ of this study was low but $k_s$ of this study was high compared than values obtained from suspended growth nitrification system. To evaluate the effect of internal recycling on system performance, system was operated with internal recycling ratio of 1.5Q, 2.0Q, 2.5Q and 3.0Q. increase of internal recycling ratio effect more greatly on improvement of denitrification efficiency than that of nitrification efficiency. Accordingly, optimization of internal recycling ratio has to be based on improvement of anoxic reactor performance.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 2004

Objectives: This study was carried out to assess exposure levels of organic dusts and ammonia in poultry farms in Korea. Methods: A total of six poultry farms were investigated. The farms were located in Namwon, Chonlabuk-do and in Kae-San, Chungchongbuk-do. This study consisted of a questionnaire and measuring organic dusts and ammonia. The questionnaire included the characteristics of the farms, work patterns and the tasks of the poultry farms. Results and Conclusions: The farmers raised the chickens 45 times a year and the average number of years in the poultry farm were eight years ranging from 2 to 12 years. They worked for seven days per week and the average hours spent caring the chickens are 6.3 hours per day. The duration of staying in the confinement buildings was 3.3 hours per day. The work time in summer was longest. The feed and the water supply systems were automatic and the control of ventilation windows used "winch curtain" was semiautomatic. They used mechanical ventilation system in winter and used dilution ventilation system in the other seasons. The geometric mean concentration of total and respirable dust sampled in the poultry confinement buildings was 4.0 mg/$m^3$and 0.9 mg/$m^3$ respectively. The ratio of respirable to total dusts range from 9 to 49 percent. There was no sample exceeding the criteria 10 mg/$m^3$ for total dust and 3 mg/$m^3$ for respirable dust in farms. The criteria have been recommended by Korean Ministry of Labor and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist. The personal respirable dusts measured during a circle work averaged geometric mean concentration 1.4 mg/$m^3$ Two personal samples were exceeded the threshold 3 mg/$m^3$. There was a positive relation between an index and the personal samples of respirable dusts($R^2$=0.98). The index is calculated by multipling the total number of chickens in the farm by the age of the chickens and then dividing by the volume of the confinement building. The geometric mean concentration of area and personal ammonia samples was 23.3 ppm and 22.2 ppm, respectively. Some of the ammonia samples, both area and personal samples, exceeded the short term exposure limit value 35 ppm.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1 s.57
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 2005

In this study effects of the natural wind and the forced smoke ejection by operating the exhaust fan are studied numerically to examine the flow characteristics of the smoke and heat generated from a fire on the platform of an underground subway station. Three different situations, including 1) the case with no natural wind and no exhaust fan operation, 2) the case with natural wind but no exhaust fan operation and 3) the case with no natural wind but exhaust fan operation, are considered for the numerical analyses. The numerical results show that the natural wind causes a rapid spread of the fire along the tunnel resulting in rapid spread of the smoke and heat over the platform which affects the escape. The operation of the exhaust fan also results in the rapid spread of smoke and heat over the platform, but the time required for reaching the safe escaping height of the smoke layer with the exhaust fan operation is much longer than that without the exhaust fan operation. The numerical results also show that the required capacity of the exhaust fan becomes larger when the effect of the natural wind is included.