• Water for future
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of Single Linear Reservoir (SLR) model for runoff computations of small river basins in Korea. In the existing watershed flood routing methods the storage coefficient(K), which is the dominant parameter in the model, has been proposed to be computed in terms of the wqtershed characteristics. However, in the prsent study, the rainfall characteristics in addition to the watershed characteristics were taken into account in the multiple regression analysis for more accurate estimation of storage coefficient. The parameters finally adopted for the regressions were the drainge are, mean stream slope of the watershed, and the duration and total dffective amount of rainfalls. To verify the applicability of SLR model the computed results by SLR model with K determined by the regression equation were compared with the observed gydrographs, and also with those by other runoff computation methods; namely, the Clark method, nakayasu's synthetic unit hydrograph method and Nash model. The results showed that the present zSLR model gave the best results among these methods in the case of small river basins, but for the whatersheds with significant draingage area the Clark method gave the best results. However, it was speculated that the SLR model could also be accurately applied for flood compuatation in large wagersheds provided that the regression for storage coefficients were made with the actual data obtained in the large river basins.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.806-810
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• 2005

홍수로 인한 국민의 재산과 인명피해를 방지 또는 최소화하기 위한 방법으로 주요지점을 선정하여 홍수예보를 수행하고 있다. 이러한 홍수예보는 초기 강우법, 수위법 등의 단순한 방법으로 수행되었으나, 컴퓨터가 발달되면서 여러 형태의 홍수유출모형이 개발되어 현재에는 홍수유출모형을 이용한 홍수예보를 수행하고 있다. 낙동강홍수예보 시스템은 1987년 낙동강홍수통제소의 개소시 42개소의 수위관측소와 54개소의 우량관측소를 중심으로 43개 소유역을 구분하고 티센망을 구성하여 홍수예보시스템을 구축하였다. 홍수예보시스템이 구축된 후 여러 차례의 매개변수 개선과정을 거쳐 운용하고 있다. 반면, 지속적인 수문관측소의 증설이 이루어졌으나 이를 모형에 반영하지 않아 증설된 수위관측소를 반영하여 114개 소유역으로 구분하고 추가된 우량관측소를 이용하여 티센망을 구성하였으며, 당초 반영되지 않았던 소규모댐을 모형에 추가하여 예측의 정확도를 재고하였다. 증설된 수문관측소를 모형에 반영과 함께 우량자료의 신뢰성 및 안정성을 확보하기 위한 우량관측소의 확장방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 낙동강홍수예보 시스템의 소유역을 114개로 나누고 기존의 유효우량산정법, 유역유출모형 하도유출모형의 매개변수를 전통적인 방법으로 재산정하여 홍수기에 적용한 결과 당초의 홍수예보시스템으로 예측한 결과보다 소유역의 적절하게 재구성하는 것으로도 예측의 정밀도가 개선되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나, 소유역의 수와 하도의 수가 증가하면서 발생하는 오차를 감소시킬 필요성이 있으며, 이는 지속적인 시스템의 운용을 통하여 모형구성을 개선함으로서 어느 정도 개선될 것으로 판단된다. 그밖에 기존의 매개변수산정을 전통적인 방법에서 우리나라 하천 또는 낙동강유역의 하천에 적당한 방법을 개발하여 개선시킬 필요성이 있다.>$4.3\%$로 가장 근접한 결과를 나타내었으며, 총 유출량에서도 각각 $7.8\%,\;13.2\%$의 오차율을 가지는 것으로 분석되어 타 모형에 비해 실유량과의 차가 가장 적은 것으로 모의되었다. 향후 도시유출을 모의하는 데 가장 근사한 유출량을 산정할 수 있는 근거가 될 것이며, 도시재해 저감대책을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.로 판단되는 대안들을 제시하는 예비타당성(Prefeasibility) 계획을 수립하였다. 이렇게 제시된 계획은 향후 과학적인 분석(세부평가방법)을 통해 대안을 평가하고 구체적인 타당성(feasibility) 계획을 수립하는데 토대가 될 것이다.{0.11R(mm)}(r^2=0.69)$로 나타났다. 이는 토양의 투수특성에 따라 강우량 증가에 비례하여 점증하는 침투수와 구분되는 현상이었다. 경사와 토양이 같은 조건에서 나지의 경우 역시 $Ro_{B10}(mm)=20.3e^{0.08R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.707-720
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• 2011

For the lake case, the detention phenomenon of water body occurs and stays for a long time. Especially, following the layer of water depth direction, the lake body and water quality problems are different from the water quality of river. So according to time, the stream and water quality can be simulated by the 3-Dimensional Model, which can divide water layer for reservoir or lake. The water quality simulation result will become more reliability. For this study, the 3-Dimension Model - EFDC was used to simulate water quality of Unam reservoir in the Sumjin Dam. The HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-HMS Rainfall - Runoff Model based on GIS were used to estimate long-term runoff, and input data was constructed to the observed water level, meteorological data, water temperature, T-N and T-P. In order to apply the EFDC model, water depth was divided into 3 layers and 5,634 grids were extracted. After constructing the grid net, the water quality change of Unam reservoir in time and space was simulated. Overall, long term runoff simulation reflected the actual observed runoff well, through the water quality simulation, according to the pollution factors, the behavior characteristics can be checked, and the simulated water quality can be properly reflected. The function of EFDC has been confirmed, which water quality can be properly simulated. In the near future, to establish countermeasures for Intake Facilities of Watershed and Management, this support which some basic tools can be applied is in expectation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1157-1168
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• 2012

In this study, we assess changes in water quality trends over time based on certain control measurements in order to identify and analyze the cause of the trend in water quality. The current water pollution in the Nakdong River was analyzed, as it suggests that the significant changes in water quality have occurred in between 2006 and 2010. Based on monthly average data, we have examined for trends of the Nakdong River watershed in water temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP). Moreover, we have investigated seasonal variation of water quality of sites within the Nakdong River Basin by implementing further analyses such as, Correlation Coefficient, Regression Analysis, Hierarchical Clustering Method, and Time Series Analysis on SPSS. Geology and topography of the watershed, controlled by various conditions such as, climate, vegetation, topography, soil, and rain medium, have been affected by the non-homogeneity. Our study suggests that such variables could possibly cause eutrophication problems in the river. One possible way to overcome this particular problem is to lay up a ship on the river by increasing the nasal flow measurement of the Nakdong River during rainy season. Moreover, the water management requires arranging the measurement of the flow in order to secure the river while the numerous construction projects need to be continuously observed. However, the water is not flowing tributary of the reason for the timing to be flowing in a natural state of river water and industrial water intake because agriculture. Therefore, ongoing research is needed in addition to configuration of all observations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1292-1299
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• 2014

Weather radar systems can provide weather information of the ground, sea, and air in extensive spatial coverage in near real time. However, it becomes problematic when ground clutter signal exists around precipitation because strong signals of ground can cause a false precipitation report. A large percentage of land coverage of Korea consists of mountainous regions where ground clutter needs to be mitigated for more accurate prediction. Thus, it is considered necessary to introduce a new suitable ground clutter removal technique specifically adequate for Korea. In this paper, the C-Map(Clutter Map) method using raw radar signals is proposed for removing ground clutter using a terrain-adaptive clutter map. A clutter map is generated using raw radar signals(I/Q) of clear days, then it is subtracted from received radar signals in frequency domain. The proposed method is applied to the radar data acquired from Sobaeksan rain radar and the result shows that the clutter rejection ratio is about 91.17 %.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth of various ferns affected by the shading and fertilizer application and to recommend the appropriate levels of light intensity. Evergreen ferns like Dryopteris nipponensis Koidz., Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) Presl, Onychium japonicum (Thunb.) Kunze and deciduous ferns like Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hence, Thelypteris decursive-pinnata Ching, Athyrium brevifrons Kodama ex Nakai were used in this experiment. Evergreen ferns showed the best growth in the shading level of 30~60%. The plant growth and ornamental value (leaf color) of these plants were improved according to the fertilizer application in appropriate shading levels. The survival rate remained constantly in all treatments. Deciduous ferns showed the best growth in different shading levels from 0 to 60%. Some treatments showed improved growth according to fertilizer application, whereas survival rate was in the other treatments. There were differences in plant growth of evergreen and deciduous ferns according to fertilizer application, and additional researches must be executed to explain these reponses.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.723-733
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the effects of urban characteristics on the amount of damage caused by natural disasters. It is focused on the areas of a municipal level in Korea. Also, it takes into account the spatial autocorrelation of the damage caused by natural disasters. Moran's I statistics was estimated to examine the spatial autocorrelation in the damage from the study area. Subsequent to evaluating the suitability for spatial regression models and the OLS regression model, the spatial lag model was employed as an empirical analysis for the study. It showed that the increase in residential area leads to the decrease in the amount of natural disaster damage. On the other hand, the increase in green area and river basin is associated with the increase in the damage. As a result of empirical analysis, appropriate policy establishment and implementation about the damage-adding factors is needed in order to reduce the amount of damage in the future.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.20-32
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• 2008

Runoff characteristics of the Oedocheon in Jeju island were investigated using the long-term stream stage monitoring data. At the Cheonah valley in the upstream area and Oedocheon downstream, annual runoff occurred 21 and 12 times, respectively, and their average runoff periods were 21 days and 12 days, respectively. Stream stage response time to rainfall was 4 hours, and storm-water transfer from the upstream, Cheonah valley, to the Oedocheon downstream took about 2 hours. The stream discharge measurements had been carried out from Feb. 2004 to Jul. 2005, and showed that normal discharge of the Oedocheon was 0.39 $m^3$/sec in average. Stage-discharge curves were developed to estimate base flow (normal discharge) and (direct) surface runoff. The base flow separations by a numerical filtering technique illustrated that annual surface runoff and base flow accounted respectively for 31.8${\sim}$36.5%, 63.5${\sim}$68.2% of the total stream discharge.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.10 s.159
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• pp.801-810
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• 2005

The lag time is one of the most important factors for estimating a flood runoff from streams. It is well known to be under the influence of the morphometric properties of basins which could be expressed by catchment shape descriptors. In this paper, the notion of the geometric characteristics of an equivalent ellipse proposed by Moussa(2003) is applied for calculating the lag time of geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph(GIUH) at the basin outlet. The lag time is obtained from the observed data of rainfall and runoff by using the method of moments suggested by Nash(1957), and the procedure based on geomorphology is used for GIUH. The relationships between the basin morphometric properties and the hydrological response are discussed as applied to 3 catchments In Korea. Additionally, the shapes of equivalent ellipse are examined how then are transformed from upstream area to downstream one. As a result, the relationship between the hydrological response and descriptors is shown to be comparatively good, and the shape of ellipse is presented to approach a circle along the river downwards. These results may be expanded to the estimation of hydrological response of ungauged catchment.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.10 s.159
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• pp.825-839
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• 2005

Application of the EST approach for the simulation of the risk-based typhoon hazard potential is described in this paper. For six selected cities In the Korean peninsula, EST simulations for one hundred years were performed one hundred times using historical typhoon data as a training data set. The analytical results of EST simulations were then post-processed to estimate the means, standard deviations, and ranges of variation for the maximum wind velocities and the daily rainfalls. From the comparison of the averages of the wind velocities for the 100 year recurrence interval typhoons, the wind hazard potential of them was revealed to be highest for Mokpo among the six cities, followed by Busan, Cheju, Inchun, Taegu, and Seoul in descending order For the flood hazard potential associated with a typhoon, Busan was ranked to be the highest hazard potential area, followed by Mokpo, Cheju, Seoul, Inckun, and Taegu. In terms of the overall typhoon hazard potential, cities in the southern coastal regions were identified as being exposed to the most severe typhoon hazard.