• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.724-731
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• 1990

The fermentation process of Andong Sickhae including optimal composition of the product was investigated. Through sensory evaluation and ingredient analysis of ten samples prepared in the laboratory and the samples collected from Andong region, we found that the ratio of ingredient of the product by weigh are as follow : [glutinous rice(80) : malt(50) : radish(100) : water(500) : ginger(8) : red pepper(4)]. The level of nitrogen compound turned out to be low while that of soluble protein and salt soluble protein was high. The content of total sugar and reducing sugar was found to be considerable high and among the free sugar, maltose was the highest(80%), followed by glucose and maltotriose. Activities of acid protease and saccharogenic amylase were 1.55 unit per milliliter and $12.5D^{40}_{30}^{\circ}$ respectively. Results of sensory evaluation showed that the good Andong Sickhae turned out to have well harmonized taste of flavor, sweetness and sourness while the color looked slightly red.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1958

I. Assumption: Mo-kam-ju, Koelreuteria paniculata is a woody plant mainly cistributed over Northern China. Its sporadic growth along the beaches of Korea and Japan is assumed to have been sowed by the seeds transported adrift on the current across the ocean. II. Use and Growth of the Plant: In China, this plant has been cultivated from early times mainly at temples, it seeds being used as rosaries, its flowers for yellow dyes and medicine for the eyes, and its leaves for black dyes. In Korea and Japan, these plants have been cultivated at temples and used as the material for rosaries. No natural growth of these plants was reported until 1919. III. Discoveries: In this domestic area, Dr. Chung Tae Hyun discovered the plant on the beach between Cho-Do and Chang-san-kot, Hwang-Hae Prov. in 1920. The reporter discovered them on the beach at Buk-Ni, Duk-jok-Do in 1948, at An-Hung in 1956 and on the beach at An-min-Do in 1957. In the Japan area, it was discovered for the first time twenty years ago, mainly along the coast line of the Japan Sea and some along the eastern coast line, at Subo, Yamaguchi Prefecture facing the Pacific Ocean. IV. Study and Experiment: A. Seed The seed coat is thick, non-permeable and floatable. A number of seeds were immersed in artificial sea water and fresh water separately. The seeds remained there for a hundred and forty-five (145) days from April 6, 1957 to August 29, 57. Thirty one seeds out of the fifty immersed in salt water and twenty seeds out of the fifty immersed in fresh water remained on the surface of the water, proving them to be non-permeable to both sea and fresh water. Of course, these had retained their germinating capabilities. Five (5) seeds out of twenty from the fresh water and six (6) out of thirty-one from the sea water were successfully germinated after a hole had been drilled in the seed coat and they had been planted. Thus their floating capability, non-permeability and germinating capability after a possible 145 day trip on the flowing currents has been proved satisfactory according to the assumption made above. B. Current As shown in the Data 2 and 3, the sea current initiated in the Pohai Sea flows westward down along the coast line of Korea reaching the southern part during the autumn and winter seasons. This fact also is in favor of the reporter's assumption. V. Discussion and Conclusion: The reporter concludes that, as discussed above, Koelreuteria paniculata which originates in Northern China is transported adrift on the flowing sea current to our western coast line, and also the coast lines of Shantung and Kuangtung of China and it is germinated on the sandy beaches forming new plants. Thus, the seeds drifted down on the southern beach of Korea and have been transported to the Japanese coast, adrift on the Tae-Ma current. Upon fruition, the seeds of the plants which settle on the coasts of western Korea and Japan will migrate to new places. It can be, however, assumed that while the thickness and nonpermeability of the coat enables the long travel in the water, this also can compose a difficulty in germination, consequently in developing a new distribution of this species.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2015

This study aims to figure out the vegetation status and characteristics of the spatial distribution in Taeanhaean National Park. As a result, vegetation communities were Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus thunbergii-Pinus densiflora community, Camellia japonica community, Carpinus turczaninowii community, Carpinus turczaninowii-Pinus thunbergii community, Kalopanax septemlobus community, Koelreuteria paniculata community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, and sand dune and coastal wetland vegetation including Vitex rotundifolia community, Elymus mollis community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, Ischaemum anthephoroides community, Zoysia sinica community, Suaeda maritima community, and Phragmites communis community. Landscape types in actual vegetation map were Pinus thunbergii community (3.92%), Pinus densiflora community (1.40%), Robinia pseudoacacia community (0.05%), sand dune and coastal wetland vegetation (0.11%), field (0.46%), seashore (0.24%), thinning area (0.08%), bareground (0.16%), and sea (93.58%). Area of Pinus thunbergii community among vegetation type was $14.797km^2$ (3.92%) and the largest. Stratification structure and species composition of Pinus thunbergii community distributed in the seashore were different as a result of disturbance and human use. On the other hand, we assumed that succession will take place to the potential natural vegetation that is Quercus serrata and Quercus dentata in undisturbed Pinus thunbergii community. Meanwhile, Erechtites hieracifolia was occupied in understory of Pinus thunbergii community around the seashore and Diodia teres was invaded to sand dune vegetation. They may affect on natural species negatively. Therefore, monitoring and management plans are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.246-251
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• 2003

Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) belongs to the class of zinc protease and plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory activities of ninety four plant extracts on ACE. The extracts were prepared by water and refluxing with 70% and 100% methanol. Among the extracts, two plant extracts such as Cassia tora, Persicaria cochinchinensis Kitagawa showed more than 60% inhibitory activities, and Foeniculum vulgare Gaertner, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgl, Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehder, Inula britannica var. chinensis showed $45.2{\sim}49.7%$ inhibitory activities. Twenty eight plant extracts such as Hemerocallis fulva L, Camptotheca acuminata Decne, Inula britannica var. chinensis, Xanthium strumarium, Polygonatum odoratum, Phellodendron amurense Rupr, Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen, Prunus ansu, Hibiscus mutabilis L, Thchosanthes kirilowii, Helianthus annuus, Juglans sinensis showed $30.3{\sim}39.7%$ Inhibitory activities. These results suggest that plant extracts which contain high ACE inhibitory activities may be useful as anti-hypertension agents and to the treatment of hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2013

This study investigated flora and vascular plants area around Buyongdae where include optimum view point Okyeonjeongsa and Gyeomamjeongsa in Hahoe Village, Andong. Based on the findings, the aim of results was attempted to suggest the management plan of the vegetation area around Buyongdae which designated UNESCO World cultural heritage and folk village in Korea. The results of the study is as the following. All flora of this site, Buyongdae in Andong, were 301 taxa; 89 families, 217 genera, 251 species, 1 subspecies, 38 varieties and 11 forms. Vegetation of each of areas in site was classified Pinus densiflora as representative forest around Buyongdae, Quercus variabilis forest around Gyeomamjjeongsa and Koelreuteria paniculata forest in river cliff of Buyongdae. The 14 taxa(Polygala tenuifolia, Koelreuteria paniculata, and others) as the rare plants and the 7 taxa(Weigela subsessilis, and others) as endemic species were recorded in the surveyed site among the whole flora. The specific plants which is categorized to degree by the Ministry of Environment appeared as 32 taxa; degree IV was 4 species; Polygala tenuifolia, etc. and degree III was 10 species; Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Pyrrosia petiolosa, etc. and degree I was 13 species; Hemiptelea davidii, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, etc. Also, the 11 taxa were recorded in limestone area as the chamaephyte; Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Celtis koraiensis, Siphonostegia chinensis, Artemisia gmelini, and others. The naturalized plants recorded as 25 taxa; Viola arvensis, Erechtites hieracifolia, etc. and invasion of Sicyos angulatus which is ecosystem disturbing plants. The naturalization rate(NR) was 8.3% and the urbanization index(UI) was 7.8% by field survey. For recovery of indigenous to traditional vegetation landscape in Buyongdae, Pinus rigida of upper-growth and Alnus sibirica of middle-growth need thinning. In addition, the site demands both sustainable management through long-term monitering and gradual elimination method for the naturalized plants including Sicyos angulatus where found in Kyumamjeongsa. Particularly, intentional planting for decoration and cultivation around Hwachunseowon, Helianthus tuberosus must be substitute with the native plants. Meanwhile, Polygala tenuifolia is potently demanded preventing habitate, confirming additional habitate, seed securing and preservation of gene resource internally or externally. Koelreuteria paniculata; denoting feature of river cliff, including Hypodematium glandulosopilosum, Siphonostegia chinensis, Zizyphus jujuba var. jujuba, Pyrrosia petiolosa, and Celtis koraiensis, also need an assertive preservation. Futhermore, Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda, located around Galmo rock to Chunggil course, remained by colonizing form, need preservation and observation for a while. Beside that, the information boards are required to educate visiting user about safe regulations on the narrow way in rock hill.