• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.409-429
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the ambivalence of adult children to their elderly parents. 410 adult children who married and having alive mother or father were included. First, direct measurement for asking ambivalence was developed and the relationship between direct and indirect measurements of ambivalence was tested. Next, the influences of parental, children, and relational characteristics on ambivalence were examined. Nine items were selected as direct measurement of ambivalence through the exploratory factor analysis and item response theory. The relationship between direct measure and indirect measure was from .543(p<.000) to r=.625(p<.000) based on gender and generation. The effects of indirect ambivalence on conflict was bigger than direct one for both sons and daughters and the influences of direct measurement on intimacy and relational satisfaction were bigger than indirect one. In case of sons, caregiving obligation was the biggest predictor on ambivalence for mothers and value differences was on ambivalence for fathers. For daughters, age of self was the biggest predictor on ambivalence for mothers and age of fathers was the one for fathers. These results were discussed on the meanings of ambivalence for elderly mothers and fathers in Korea comparing with Chinese and Western cultures.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.97-123
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• 2015

This paper theoretically examines the mediations of media on disaster and the structure of the politics of compassion, from the cultural politics approaches. The media has treated for a long time many different forms of disaster and sentimental reactions that were bound to the human life. In the present paper we shall take a different approach from traditional ones that focus on how the media represents these subjects and how it arouses cognitive, affective, behavioral reactions of the audience. We will instead focus on how these subjects of disaster and compassion constitute new social meanings through the mediation of media. And we will investigate that the experiences of social sufferings mediated by media are related to the ethical potentiality vital to the construction of global public sphere and global civil society that need to be reshaped in the $21^{st}$ century media environment. This paper attempts to understand new cultural-politics meanings of the media as a major factor conducting the audience's new public actions through mediating sufferings of the others.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the application of in-depth interviews in terms of exploration on the basis of the theoretical basis of various aspects of consumer empathy, and the question of whether the consumer can expand to the process of self empathy. Most studies related to consumer empathy divide the responsive dimension of consumer empathy into rational and emotional dimension based on empathy theory, and look at the empathic response perceived by consumers to the stimulus presented from the current point of view. In this study, however, we want to go one step further and confirm that the consumers themselves can ultimately go to the self-empathy stage by forming a creative street of reproduction and redevelopment. As a result of exploratory research through in-depth interviews, it was indirectly confirmed that consumer's empathetic response to specific marketing stimulus exists at the level of creative and self-empathetic as well as the emphasis of previous studies. Based on these findings, this study confirmed that consumer empathetic responses could go beyond a single dimension to form a multidimensional structure and move toward an expanded structure of empathic self-creation. This suggests that consumers' empathic responses should be grasped in terms of continuity of empathic responses rather than explained in a specific dimension. Although this study is meaningful as an early research of exploratory nature, it is necessary to supplement various content validity and refine the research method through subsequent studies. This study is expected to expand the understanding that consumer's empathy can be extended to other people's empathy and to be self-empathy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4930-4941
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• 2014

This study had three purposes. First, the effects of job-related affective states on emotional labor (deep acting and surface acting) of employees engaging in service job were examined. Second, previous studies focused on the negative effects of emotional labor on job attitudes. On the other hand, this study dealt with not only the negative effects of emotional labor but also its positive effects. In particular, this study examined the effects of emotional labor on positive job attitudes, such as job commitment and job involvement, as well as negative job attitudes, such as exhaustion and cynicism. Finally, this study examined the mediation effect of emotional labor on the relationship between the job-related affective state and job attitudes. The data was collected from 150 employees working in 15 service firms in Korea. The results were as follows. First, the positive job-related affective state increased the deep-acting. On the other hand, negative job-related affective state increased surface-acting. Second, the main effect of deep-acting on positive job attitudes (dedication and vigor) was significant. In addition, the main effects of surface-acting on the negative job attitudes (exhaustion and cynicism) was significant. Finally, the mediating effect of deep-acting on the relationship between positive job-related affective state and positive job attitudes was significant. In addition, surface-acting mediated the relationship between negative job-related affective state and negative job attitudes. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are provided in the discussion session.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.230-240
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• 2009

This study proposes a theory of consumer experiences based on a cognitive science framework that serves as an alternative to the mainstream marketing paradigm of information processing and choice. The theory consists of three key theoretical constructs: experiential modules, primary vs. secondary experiences, and the hierarchy of experiential modules. Based on this theory, this study investigates the effect of experiential attributes and functional attributes on consumer's product evaluations, and the moderating role of consumer's knowledge. The main research findings are (1) the subjects react faster to sensory and affective stimuli(ex: experiential attributes) than they do to intellectual stimuli (ex: functional attributes), (2) the interaction modularity of attributes(functional vs. experiential) $\times$ tempo(normal vs. fast) $\times$ product knowledge(novice vs. expert) appear significantly with product evaluation as the dependent measure.

• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-85
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• 2010

This study defines the substance and multi-dimension of emotional reactions which Koreans have toward foreigners to find the starting point of change in values which is an inevitable task in this multi-cultural society. The results indicate that the Bogardus scale which has been used to measure the social distance toward the minority race is found to have limitations in explaining the closed attitude of Koreans toward 'nation' and 'kinship through marriage'. To supplement such limitations, exploration on attitudes toward foreigners from different native places is performed based on the 'evaluation', 'power' and 'activity' dimensions of the Affective Control Theory. As a result, Americans are highly evaluated in all three dimensions while Japanese are evaluated low in the 'evaluation' dimension and high in the 'power' and 'activity' dimensions. North Korean defectors and ethnic Koreans from China (the Chosun race) are high in evaluation but low in other dimensions. West Asians are evaluated low in all three dimensions. By comprehending the influencing factors and the relative influence of social distance, it proves that the 'evaluation' dimension is the common denominator in all groups while 'power' dimension toward Japanese and 'activity' dimensions toward Chinese and West Asians influence social distance. All foreigners excluding Americans receive closer social distance when having higher education level. Moreover, American women and older North Korean defectors receive closer social distance.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.40
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• pp.5-35
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• 2020

Affect is intensity and quality that are generated as the physical body senses the outside world. Of experienced affect, notions that are granted meaning and interpretation are emotions. Affect theory distinguishes emotion and affect and by focusing on affect, it provides methods with which to analyze physical body responses and changes and it presents new possibilities to performing arts research that uses the physical body as a medium. Nong-ak is art that concentrates mainly on the occurrence of affect rather than 'representation'. Nong-ak is a performance type in which sound, color, texture, and physical movement overlap and exist in a synesthetic way. Here, physical things such as instruments, props, costumes, and stage devices are gathered together with non-physical things such as rhythm, mood, and atmosphere around human bodies. The physical body is stimulated by these things, displays tendencies that suit performances, and becomes 'the body without an image' as it immerses itself into the performance, acting while displaying 'quasi-corporeality'. The body, which moves automatically as if without consciousness, appears more easily within groups. To transition individuals of everyday life to 'the body without an image', Nong-ak executes the group physical exercise of 'Jinpuri'. Such physical exercise builds up affect by increasing nonverbal communion and communication and brings out the creativity of individuals within mutual trust and a sense of belonging. Affect and emotion stirred up by Nong-ak act as confirmation and affirmation of the existence, vitality, and ability of one's self and groups. Such affirmation recalls Nong-ak as a meaningful and important value from group dimensions and perceives it as a performance form that should be preserved and passed on.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.117-133
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore integrated approaches to physical education in general education by examining methodology of physical education aiming for convergence education. This case study was conducted, using a qualitative approach during March, 2017 to November, 2017. Data were collected through non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, field-notes, students' journal, syllabus and lecture materials. The key findings are as follows: First, "Emotion Coaching through Movement" is a course of 'understanding of body' approaching integrated humanities science and natural science. Second, it is a convergence education, conducting 'text to daily practice' by approaching positive psychology and neurophysiology. Third, it is a physical education with 'integrated theory and practice' in higher education. These results indicate that students can understand their own body, observe their daily and fixed movement or reaction pattern, and enhance the ability of understanding others through a physical education in general education.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.82
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• pp.73-125
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• 2011

This article aims to search for moral educational implication of J. D. Greene's recent neuro-scientific approaches to deontological ethics. Recently new technique in neuroscience such as fMRI is applied to moral and social psychological concepts or terms, and 'affective primacy' and 'automaticity' principles are highlighted as basic concepts of the new paradigm. When these principles are introduced to ethical theories, it makes rooms of new and different interpretations of them. J. D. Greene et al. claim that deontological moral judgments or theories are just a kind of post hoc rationalization for intuitions or emotions by ways of neuroscientific findings and evolutionary interpretation. For example, Kant's categorical imperative in which a maxim should be universalizable to be as a principle, might be a product of moral intuition. Firstly this article tries to search for intellectual backgrounds of the social intuitionalism where Greens' thought originates. Secondly, this article tries to collect and summarize his arguments about moral dilemma responses, personal-impersonal dilemma catergorizing hypothesis, fMRI data interpretations by ways of evolutionary theory, cultural and social psychological theories, application to deontological and consequential theories, and his suggestion that deontological ethics shoud be rejected as a normative ethical thought and consequentialism be a promising theory etc. Thirdly, this tries to analyse and critically exam those aspects and argumentation, especially from viewpoints of the ethicists whose various strategies seek to defeat Greene's claims. Fourthly, this article criticizes that his arguments make a few critical mistakes in methodology and data interpretation. Last, this article seeks to find its implications for moral education in korea, in which in spite of incomplete argumentation of his neuroscientific approach to morality, neuroethics needs to be introduced as a new approach and educational content, and critical materials as well.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this research was to understand the emotions of disabled in starting relationships with the opposite gender and disclosing experienced events related to starting relationships with the opposite gender. Methods : In order to gain an understanding of experience, emotions and process of people with acquired disability, phenomenological study, a form of qualitative research was used. Data on subjects was collected through in-depth interviews, on-the-scene recording and technical observation diary, etc and were analyzed through Colaizzi's phenomenological study method. Results : Subjects who had acquired disabilities experienced changes in physical, psychological, social aspects and especially in the course of relationships with the opposite gender. Data from in-depth interviews of 8 subjects were analyzed 6 types of subject themes were derived. 1) Diagnosis of varying psychological reactions. 2) Various psychological reactions of parents and the other gender. 3) Through aggressive support rehabilitation volition will change. 4) After you have a disability as a lack of social skills. 5) Changes in confidence through rehabilitation. 6) the other gender for the different ideas. Conclusion : This research is valuable in presenting important data in understanding problems and emotions of relationships of people with acquired disabilities with opposite gender. Starting relationships with the opposite gender has more meaning than any other interacting activities in society. Conflicts exist in starting relationships and support programs for various specialists are indispensable.