• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2005

This study was investigated the growth effect of persimmon leaf extracts on various Lactic acid bacteria, the effect as freeze-dry cryoprotectan, by the changes of vitamin C content, electron donating ability, total cell count and SOD-like activity. The total cell count of L. acidophilus MG501, L. brevis MG19, L. bulgaricus MG515, L. lactis MG530 and L. casei MG311 in the absence of persimmon leaf extracts(10%) at 37℃ after 48hr were 3.2×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, 2.9×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, 1.1×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, 1.6×10/sup 9/cfu/mL and 3×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, respectively, and pH and total acidity of those were 3.82∼3.88, and 1.697∼1.842. On the other hand, the total cell count of L. acidophilus MG501, L. brevis MG19, L. bulgaricus MG515, L. lactis MG530 and L. casei MG311 in the presence of persimmon leaf extracts at 37℃ after 48hr were 4.4×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, 4.3×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, 2×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, 3.3×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, and 3.4×10/sup 9/cfu/mL, respectively, and pH and total acidity of those were 3.74∼3.82 and 1.528∼1.805. The total cell counter of lactic acid bacteria in the presence of persimmon leaf extracts(10%) at 37℃ after 48hr higher than those in the absence of persimmon leaf extracts. In freeze-dry chryoprotectan, the survival rate of L. acidphilus MG501 decreased about 30%. In case of L. brevis MG19 and L. bulgaricus MG515, the survival rate decreased about 10%. However, the survival rate of L. lactis MG530 increased about 10% and L. casei MG311 showed the almost same effect. The changes of vitamin C content were the highest in L. lactis MG530(190.26mg/mL) and the lowest in L. acidophilus MG501(56.05 mg/mL). The electron donating ability indicated to L. acidophilus MG501, L. brevis MG19, L. bulgaricus MG515, L. lactis MG530 and L. casei MG311 added by 10% persimmon leaf extracts, respectively. when 10% persimmon leaf extracts were added L. brevis MG19, the electron donating ability is the highest of all lactic acid bacteria. The SOD-like activity of L. acidophilus MG501, L. brevis MG19, L. bulgaricus MG515, L. lactis MG530 and L. casei MG311 showed lower than that of control.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2000

The efforts were made to optimite ethanol extraction from persimmon leaf with the time of extraction$(1.5{\sim}2.5\;hrs)$, the temperature of extraction$(70{\sim}90^{\circ}C)$, and the concentration of ethanol$(0{\sim}40%)$ as three primary variables together with several functional characteristics of persimmon leaf as reaction variables. The conditions of extraction was best fitted by using response surface methodology through the center synthesis plan, and the optimal conditions of extraction were established. The contents of soluble solid and soluble tannin went up as the concentration of ethanol went up and the temperature of extraction went down, and the turbidity went down as the concentration of ethanol went down. Electron donation ability was hardly affected by the extraction temperature and had the tendency to go up as the concentration of ethanol went up. The inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase(XOase) had the tendency to go up as both the concentration of ethanol and the temperature of extraction went up. The inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), the significance of which still was not recognized, showed the maximum when the concentration of ethanol was 27%. In result, the optimal conditions of extraction was the extraction time of two hours, the extraction temperature of $75{\sim}81^{\circ}C$, and the ethanol concentration of $33{\sim}35%$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional tea materials on oxygen-free radical metabolism in lead (Pb) -administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con) and Pb-water extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis; GT) , persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki; PL) , safflower seed (Carhamus tinctorius: SS) , Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides; EU) groups, respectively. Pb intoxication was induced by administration of lead acetate (25 mg/kg. B.W., oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw material/kg B.W./day for 4 weeks. When the GT, PL, SS and EU were supplemented to the Pb-administered rats, hepatic lipid peroxide levels were significantly lower compared to the Pb-Con group. Hepatic cytochrom P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas xanthine oxidase activity was significantly elevated in Pb-administered rats. The water extract of GT, PL, SS and EU supplementation attenuated changes in enzyme activities generating reactive oxygen species in the liver. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, while monoamine oxidase activity also tended to increase in the Pb-administered rats. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione content significantly decreased through Pb intoxication. The supplementation of GT, PL, SS and EU induced alleviation changes of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional teas on lipid levels in lead (Pb)-administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (rb-Con) and Pb-water extract of traditional teas (green tea: GWE, persimmon leaf: PWE, safflower seed: SWE, Solomon's seal: SSWE) groups. Pb intoxication was induced by administration lead acetate (25 mg/kg. BW, oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw traditional tea/g BWday for 4 weeks. Net weight gain and feed intake were significantly lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas they were tended to increase by traditional teas supplements. Both Plasma and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were lower in the traditional teas supplemented groups compared to the Pb-Con group. Plasma VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased by Pb ad-ministration, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group. However, water extracts of green tea, persimmon leaf, safflower seed and solomon's seal supplementation improved changes of the plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in Pb administered rats.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.439-444
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• 2007

This study was carried out to analyze the quality change of salted mackeral treated with extracts of edible plan(Diospyros kaki, Teucerium veronicoides and Zanthoxylum schinifolium) during storage for develope of preparation methods and high quality of mackerel. The Hunter's color values of salted mackerel was not changed during strange. L, a and b value of salted mackerel teated with Korean herbal extracts was lower changed than those of control(mackerel not treated extracts of edible plants). Adhesiveness, and viscosity of salted mackerel was higher at $4^{\circ}C$ during storage than those at $25^{\circ}C$, and was higher in groups treated extects of edible plants at early storage than those in control group. Hardness was low in the salted mackerel treated extracts of edible plane and control group during storage. The salted mackerel treated Z. schinifolium extracts was the highest scores in sensory evaluation among groups.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2000

In order to investigate the removal effect of cadmium by polyphenol compound extracted from persimmon leaves(Diospyros kaki folium), animal test was done. Two fractions such as F-1 and F-2 from persimmon leaves were compared with their safety and function. The food intake of group F-1 and F-2 considerably decreased within 1% level. Cadmium addition influenced to rat growth(a tested animal), but food efficiency ratio(FER) wasn't shown any considerable difference in F-1 and F-2, as compared to the control. Cadmium content of liver, kidney and femur considerably decreased within 1% level in F-1 and F-2, compared to the control, cadmium content of liver decreased 25% in F-1, 28% in F-2 3150 decreased 22% md 25% in kidney. In femur, also decreased 53% in F-1 and 59% in F-2 respectively. The test of cadmium content in feces indicate that the content considerably increased within 1% level in both group F-1 and F-2, as compared to the control(42% in F-1, 54% in F-2). As shown the above results, have seen the removal effect of cadmium by polyphenol compound.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.983-990
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop a preservation technology that can induce changes in physicochemical properties to effectively utilize of persimmon leaves. The application effects of steaming or freezing technique were investigated. Astringent persimmon leaves were steam-blanched (100℃, 30 sec) or frozen (-20℃, 15 d), followed by hot-air drying (50℃). The physicochemical properties of the extract obtained by hot-water leaching from the dried leaves were compared. The extract of leaves dried without pretreatment was used as a control. L* value was higher in steamed than in control and frozen. a* value was highest in the control. The browning index was higher in the frozen and lower in the steamed than in the control. Soluble solids were the highest in the steamed and the lowest in the frozen. Sucrose content was relatively high in the steamed, and the glucose and fructose contents were relatively high in the frozen. Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were higher in steamed and lower in frozen than in control. Thus, it was confirmed that steam or freeze pretreatment after harvesting persimmon leaves affects the extraction yield, color, antioxidant capacity and component changes of dried persimmon leaves. Unlike steaming, freezing pretreatment showed the effect of promoting decomposition and browning reactions, and it is considered useful when such an effect is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.196.1-196.1
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.116-119
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate antiallergy of the polyphenol fractions isolated from persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki folum). The result of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction of expriment on anti-allergy, the allergy remarkably decreased in polyphenol fraction I, II and III groups in comparison with the control group. After antigen challenge, histamine content of blood of the polyphenol groups was lowered to near the normal group.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.442-447
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• 2017

In this study, we extracted an antioxidant from natural products which are known to have a high antioxidant content and also optimized the extraction process by applying a response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, by measuring the total flavonoids and total polyphenols of the active ingredient extracted persimmon leaf and thistle, the functionality of the active ingredient was evaluated. Both ultrapure water and alcohol were used as extraction solvents and the ratio of ultrapure and alcohol, amount of sample, extraction time, extraction temperature were set as independence variables. Also, the yield, total polyphenols, and flavonoids was set as the response. Optimal extraction conditions were as follows; for persimmon leaf, the extraction time = 3.1 h, ratio of alcohol/ultrapure = 63.4 vol%, and temperature = $54.6^{\circ}C$ while for thistle the extraction time = 2.9 h, ratio of alcohol/ultrapure = 40.7 vol%, and temperature = $68.4^{\circ}C$. Also, the response were as follows; for persimmon leaf, the yield = 27.7%, total polyphenols = 33.2 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoids = 47.8 mg QE/mg dw, whereas for thistle the yield = 27.0%, total polyphenols = 17.9 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoids = 28.8 mg QE/mg dw at the optimal conditions. The overall satisfaction level was 71.7%.