• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2001

Objective : We tested the hypothesis that photodynamic therapy(PDT) with Photofrin inhibits tumor invasion of U87 human glioma cells using several in vitro assay to measure tumor invasiveness. The effects of PDT on cell growth, directional migration and cell invasion were investigated. Material and Method : Tumor cells were treated with Photofrin at various doses and at a fixed optical(632nm) dose of $100mJ/cm^2$. Cytotoxicity was tested using the MTT method. Invasion assays including the matrigelartificial basement membrane barrier migration and spheroid confrontation with confocal microscopic analysis were used to study the relationship between PDT and invasiveness. Result : U87 cells showed a dose dependent cytotoxic response to increasing Photofrin dose. Data from the matrigel artificial basement membrane assay indicate that PDT inhibits the U87 cell migration dose dependently. Low doses of subcytotoxic PDT treatment, such as 2.5ug/ml Photofrin dose, also appeared to significantly inhibit migration of U87 cells(p<0.05). In co-cultures between U87 cell spheroids and brain aggregates, progressive invasion with destruction of the brain aggregate occurs. The extent of tumor cell infiltration and proportion or intact brain aggregate remaining after 24h differs in Photofrin PDT treated versus Photofrin only control, with changes suggestive of a dose-response effect. Conclusion : our data indicate that PDT with Photofrin significantly inhibits the invasiveness of U87 cells, and this inhibition is dose dependent.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.58
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• pp.307-336
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• 2018

This paper traces the historical genealogy of the subjectivity and the silsim (實心, true mind) that appear in Jeong In-Bo's "gukhak" (國學, the national learning) thought and illuminates its characteristics. In the modern East Asian history of thought, the beginning of the emergence of subjectivity and the silsim as the main philosophical topic comes from the Neo-Confucianism of Song Dynasty in China. Cheng Yi is the first thinker to emphasize subjectivity and consciousness. Zhu Xi and Wang Yang-ming inherit the Neo-Confucian thought based on Cheng Yi's principle of subjectivity, but only show difference in methodology. In the Chosun Dynasty, Jeong Je-Doo and his School were one example of the Neo-Confucian spirit of subjectivity and the silsim. Although Jeong In-Bo (鄭寅普) belongs to Jeong Je-Doo's school of Ganghwa in the school curriculum, he has only used it methodologically since he believed that Yangming's learning is more effective in the awareness and practice of the silsim. Especially noteworthy is that the principle of subjectivity led Jeong In-Bo to follow the frame of Zhu Xi's moral theory. Jeong's claim that selfish desire (jasasim 自私心) should be controlled by a conscious mind (silsim) being aware of the right and 'ought to do' corresponds to Zhu Xi's view that the moral mind (dosim 道心) should be selected in the conflict situation between sensual desire (insim 人心) and moral consciousness so that the insim should be supervised by the dosim. Such ethics is a position to emphasize the inner motive and the sense of duty of conduct, and there is no fundamental difference in Zhu Xi and Wang Yang-ming. At least on this point, it is necessary to look at modern and contemporary Korean studies from the perspective of continuity, not discontinuity from Confucian tradition.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.109-152
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• 2007

This thesis started from accepting the criticism and concretely seeking the possibility of visual visuality, in particular, visual physicality or physical visuality through the expression revealed in painting space. This study aims at stressing the role of the body in visual perception and pictorial expression by it by examining the interaction between it and the body. First of all, this study explored perception and the position of the body in the great frame of the historical stream from modernism, through minimalism, through post-minimalism to later art in order to confirm the interaction between visual perception and the body or the change in the intervention of physicality in the stream of contemporary art, and connected them with a discourse on perception and the body. It raised as the grounds for it the discussions which provided the theoretical background about perception. It dealt with the scientific discussions on perceptual physicality by Gestalt psychology in perceptive psychology, and next the discussion of Rudolf Arnheim who exemplified Gestalt psychology mainly on the dimension of visual art. It is significant in explaining the perceptual activeness which is the same as that of M. Merleau-Ponty as a primary debater to solve the questions of perceptual physicality and physical visuality. M. Merleau-Ponty set forth ambiguous perception and the body as its background as the fundamental bases for perceiving the world rather than consciousness proved explicitly. As Hal Foster said, as minimalist phenomenological background they provided appropriate theoretical background to the late art rising against modernist logic. Next, after the 1970s Frank Stella showed a working method and a tendency entirely different from those in the previous period. For example, deconstruction of frame, decentralized spatial expression, dynamic and mixed expression, and allowing real space by overlapping were judged to swing to approval of perceptual physicality. Francis Bacon's painting structure, that is, figure, triptych, aplat and a method of production by accident were understood to well reflect M. Merleau-Ponty's chair logic of chiasme. This study tries to seek the possibility of pictorial expression from works aiming at defining the question of seeing in connection with physicality, the role of the body as the body accumulated and the linking with a real, daily life as the background of the body, and confirm the phase shift.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.307-320
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• 2007

In this study, we attempted to provide a distinctive cognitive, emotional 'Auditory User Interface (AUI) Design Guideline' according to home appliance groups and their functions. It is an effort to apply a new design method to practical affairs to overcome the limit of GUI centered appliance design and reflect user multimodal properties by presenting a guideline possible to generate auditory signals intuitively associable with the operational functions. The reason why this study is required is because of frequent instances given rise to annoyance as not systematic application of AUI, but arbitrary mapping. This study tried to provide a useful guideline of AUI in home appliances by extracting the relations with cognitive, emotional properties of a certain device or function induced by several properties of auditory signal and showing the empirical data on the basic mechanism of such relations.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.263-286
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• 2017

It is well known to us that in its enlarged sense Deleuze's philosophy has confrontation with platonism that has dominated the whole western ideas, and in a narrow sense it is confrontation with representative thinking and representative arts. In other words, it's obvious what Deleuze has considered the most important in his whole of ideas is to think not in a representative way but in a non-representational way and to disentangle thinking from its representative image. To examine the way how Deleuze criticize representation, and how he overcome modern ideas is not just to make a clean breast of platonic inheritance. Because they are essential for facing up to the actual circumstances of our contemporaries who have degraded servility of totalitarian thoughts under the thinking of identity, and furthermore, it is essential for overcoming this situation and proceeding to nomadic thinking, liberating thinking. This study is not intended to be a definitive account of all his criticism of representation. Because, as is well known, Deleuze's criticism of representation contains a wide variety. And so this study were limited a relatively small number of points in Deleuze's position on representation as follows. How does Deleuze's criticism of representation has been developed in his theory of paintings? And what does it mean to us today? In this paper, I paid special regard to make sense out Deleuze's concept of 'figure' in his important writings that pertains to an analysis of his criticism of representation, Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation. And having traced the development process of the concept of 'figure', I want to understand the implicit meaning of the concept in constant flux of his critical thinking.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

Despite that Korea has tried radical efforts in the global flow of regulatory reform in the past twenty years, the result was not radical at all, but rather disappointing. One examines the possibility of paradigm shift in regulatory reform based on new theoretic perspectives. Regulatory reform, one argues, is not just a neo-liberal approach to cut off overflowing regulation. It is a highly conflictual struggle in state order to move from industrial age paradigm to service age paradigm. In the process of the great shift states become integrated into the world of life constructed by the exercise of civil rights. The relation between the civic socio-economic life and the state apparatus became totally different. Past effort for deregulation missed this point without correct recognition of the role of civil freedom and rights in service economy. One treats three typical forms of regulation whereby conventional rules and regulations effectively damper the development of services: reciprocal perspective in contract management, industrial mind in urban and spaces design, and old way of human capital management. According these analyses a new initiative of regulatory reform is proposed to take place at the National Assembly.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

A.I. has being developed from the technology for Big data analysis to the technology like a human being. The sensing technology of IOT will make A.I. have the more delicate sense than human's five senses. The computer resource is going to be able to support A.I. by clouding networking technology wherever and whenever. Like this A.I. is getting developed as a golden boy of the latest technologies At the same time, many experts have the anxiety and bleak outlook about A.I. Most of dystopian images of the future come out when the contemplative view is lost or it is not possible to view the phenomena objectively. Or it is because of the absence of confidence and ability to convert from the visions of technology development to the subject visions of human will. This study is not about the mass dismissal, unemployment or the end of mankind by machinery according to the development of A.I. technology and service, but more about the occurrent issue like the personal information invasion in daily life. Also the ethical and institutional models are considered to develop A.I. industry protecting the personal information.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.257-257
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• 1997

우리 나라에서 초등영어 교육이 실시되는 연령층이 언어습득 분야에 있어 그렇게 일찍 언어학습을 시작하는 것이 학습효율성의 측면 또는 언어숙달도 측면에서 과연 이로운지에 관해서는 학자들간에 아직도 논쟁의 여지가 많다. 피아제의 인지발달론에 의하면, 의식적 조작이 잘 이루어지지 않는 분야가 바로 발 음분야이기 때문에, 따라서 의식적 조작이 이루어지는 '형식적 조작기'이전인 10-11세 정도에서부터 음성언어 중심의 외국어 교육을 실시하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 따라서 듣기와 말하기의 기능에 주안점을 둔 초등영어 교육은 감각과 놀이, 게임, 노래나 챈트 둥으로 흥미를 지속시키면서, 영어의 특질인 강세박자리듬언어(stress-timed rhythm language)의 특성올 초창기부터 듣기 및 말하기 훈련으로 지속적으로 연습시킬 필요가 있다고 본다. 또한 James Asher가 창안한 교수법인 천신반용볍(Total Physical Response)도 초기에 말하기에 대한 부담감 없이 흥미 있는 활동을 통하여 학습동기를 높여줄 수 있는 장점을 지니고 었다. 뿐만 아니라, 청취단계에 있어서 초기에는 귀로들은 외국어를 무조건 기억하지 않고 즉각적인 인지로 끌어내어, 점차 이와 같은 인지훈련을 반복함으로써 결국에는 기억에까지 도달하려 하는 초기학습에 중한 역할을 차지하는 학습법이다. 음성학적인 측면에서 초동영어 교육의 시작단계인 3학년에서는 특히 분절음소 차원에서 영어의 자,모음이 우리말의 자,모음과는 다르다는 차이점을 배우게 되고, 초분절 음소 중에서는 강세와 리듬의 차이를 자연스럽게 습득할 수 있도록 정확한 발음을 들려주어 정확한 발음을 해 낼 수 있도록 훈련하는 것이 중요하다고 하겠다. 하지만, 한편으로는 제6차 교육과정의 영어교육 목표가 언어의 '정확성'보다는 '유창성' 에 그 목표를 두고 있는 점을 감안한다면, 시작단계부터 반드시 정확한 발음을 지녀야 하는 가의 문제도 생각해 볼 필요가 있다. 경우에 따라서는, 정확한 발음은 그 언어에 대한 숙련도가 점차 높아짐에 따라 이와 병행하여 이루어지는 경우도 흔히 경험하는 일이기 때문이다. 결국 초등영어 교육과정에도 명시되어 있듯이 '...영어에 대한 친숙함과 자신감을 심어주고, 영어에 대한 흥미와 관심을 지속적으로 유지시키는 것이 중요하기' 때문에 무엇보다 중요한 측면은 흥미와 관심을 유지시키는 지적인 학습활동보다는 정의적인 학습활동의 전개가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.101-110
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• 2003

People are surrounded with numerous sounds. The sound is generated from nature and people. For example, the sound enables people or animal responsive to instinctive action. Music or fine arts are presented differently by its distinctive medium. On the other hand, those art forms are similar in a way that people uses right side of brain and intuitions for creative effects. Conjunctions between sounds and visual arts have been progressed to data. From art forms in subjective views to art forms using high technology such as the computer, experiments for sounds visualization are practiced constantly. For that reason, intrinsic attributes of sounds in design area and distinctive qualities are discussed in this study. With respect to existing category of studies and consideration of the tendency in recent researches, the object is to propose direction for the study in regards to methodology of design, which is reconstructing visualized expression.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.42-43
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• 2001

색상특성은 각 계열별로 차이가 있었으나 전반적 으로 고명도.저채도 중심으로 황색계열과 청색계열 은 고명도 위주의 분포특성을 보였다. 이어 반하여 적색계열은 비교적 색조의 영역이 넓었으며 고채도 의 분포특성이 두드러졌다. 자색계열은 저명도.중 채도, 녹색계열은 고명도.저채도 중심이었다. 남.녀복의 색조유형으로서 여복에서는 white보다는 tone 중심의 색조특성이 나타났으며. 남복에서는 white를 제외한 tint의 색조유형이 많았다. 이는 당시대인의 백색지향 의식을 대변하는 것으로 사료된다. 음양오행론의 배색원리에 의해 검토한 결과 여복 은 상생이 남복보다 낮게 집계되었으며, 반대로 파버 비렌의 색채조화의 배색원리에 의한 검토 철과는 남 복보다 여복의 적용수치가 높았다. 이것은 감각적인 색채조화 보다는 의례적인 성향이 좀 더 징한 남복이 서구의 색채조화의 척도에 적합하지 않은 결과로 추측된다. 전통복의 배색특성은 남녀가 매우 다른 양상을 보 이고 있었다. 여복의 기본 복식구조인 저고리/치마 는 백/청색계열, 백/황색계열과의 배색이 중심으로서 면적대비 및 명도대비에 의한 조화가 이루어지고 있었다. 반면에 저고리의 배색은 유채색과 백색계열 의 배색으로 채도대비의 성향이 강했다. 남복은 황/백색계열. 백/청색계열로 명도의 차가 크지 않았다. 포/띠의 의복 구성에 있어서는 흑색 또 는 적.자색 등의 세조대(細條帶)로 인해 채도대비, 면적대비, 명도대비의 배색효과를 찾아볼 수 있었다. 이상과 같은 분석결과를 통한 한국인의 색사용의 특정은 복식의 전면에 등장하는 백색지향과 음양오 행설을 그 배경으로 하고 있다. 백색위주의 색사용은 인공미가 배제된 자연미의 추구에 기인한 것으로 토착화된 한국의 색으로 볼 수 있다. 백색은 여러 색을 통합하고 배색된 색채착화된 한국의 색으로 볼 수 있다. 백색은 여러 색을 통합하고 배색된 색채들을 담하게 만드는 것이 특징 으로 한국전통 복식의 배색특성을 주도하고 있었다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 회화자료를 근거한 것으로 풍속화의 변색 및 탈색에 의해 당시대의 정확한 색채규명이 어려우며, 실물작품이 아닌 도판을 통한 측 색으로 색의 오차가 발생할 수 있음을 연구의 한계 점으로 언급하고자 한다.