• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.185-193
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• 1999

Purpose: Proliferation of bile duct-like structures and fibrosis is a hepatic cellular reaction observed in most forms of human liver disease and in a variety of experimental conditions associated with liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the activation of Ito cells and bile duct proliferation in the rat after common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Methods: Hepatic morphological abnormalities were examined in rats whose bile ducts had been irreversibly ligated for 15, 21, 24 and 28 days. The liver was examined by immunohistochemical staining for ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, the known marker of activated Ito cells, and light and electron microscopes. Results: After CBDL, the bile canalicular proliferation and interstitial fibrosis were gradually increased in the periportal areas extended to hepatic sinusoids. Ito cells positive for ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin were frequently observed in the periductular space and in perisinusoidal space of Disse. Ito cells and myofibroblasts were gradually increased in the interstitial fibrosis until the 28th day after CBDL. Ito cells and myofibroblasts had microfilaments with dense body at the periphery of the cell. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Ito cells may be fibroblastic or myogenic. It has also been postulated that during the development of hepatic fibrosis, Ito cells become myofibroblasts or fibroblast like cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2010

This study examined the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of cookies added Pleurotus eryngii powder. There were no significant differences in bulk density or water content between the doughs. Spread factors and leavening rates of cookies decreased with increasing Pleurotus eryngii powder content. However, the loss rates of cookies showed no significant differences. L values decreased with increasing Pleurotus eryngii powder content while a values were gradually increased. b values showed no significant differences among the samples. Hardness, total phenol compound content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity of cookies were significantly increased with increasing Pleurotus eryngii powder content. In a descriptive test, the color, flavor, palatability, hardness and graininess were all increased with increasing Pleurotus eryngii powder content. In a preference test, color and flavor were the highest in the 10% group without significant differences. Texture was preferred in the control-20% groups without significant differences. However, taste and overall acceptability were the highest in the 10% group.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2010

During an artificial breeding as a part of restoration of the endangered Korean bitterling Acheilognathus signifer, a small number of individuals exhibiting oculocutaneous albinism were produced. We compared the pigmentation and morphology of normal and albinic bitterlings by histological examination of skin samples obtained from 10 regions on the body, fins, and eyes. There were no differences in morphometry and in general morphology of skin between them. In normal bitterlings, pigment cells were better developed in the dorsal region, the upper part of caudal peduncle region, the choroid-retinal epithelium and iris than in other areas. In the albinic bitterling, however, pigment cells were present only in three parts of the dorsal region, the caudal and dorsal fin, which had few melanin cells. Albinic bitterlings also displayed deficient pigmentation in the choroid-retina pigment epithelium and iris. Although they had different pigmentation aspects in distribution and development between normal and albinic bitterlings, melanin cells were mainly present in the dorsal regions of the skin and eyes where are exposed directly to light.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.464-467
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• 2013

A 6-year-old, spayed female Cocker Spaniel was presented with generalized seborrhea sicca. Initially gallbladder mucocele (GM) was suggested by high liver enzyme activities and a stellate pattern in ultrasonography. There were no responses during 16 months of medical treatments for GM. Hormonal assay and histopathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine therapy led to rapid resolution of dermatologic, serum chemical and ultrasonographic abnormalities. This report describes serial changes of skin lesions, serum chemistry and ultrasonography in a dog with concurrent GM and hypothyroidism following treatment of hypothyroidism.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper was to study cookies that could be sweetened by consumers through the addition of Morinda citrifolia powder, and also to examine the quality characteristics of such cookies in order to expand the uses of Morinda citrifolia. The addition of Morinda citrifolia powder did not have an observable affect on cookie density, although it did decrease pH levels. A central finding was the lack of significant differences in moisture content of cookies made with Morinda citrifolia powder at the significance level of 5%. Significant differences were found in the diameter, which represents spreadability, in the group of cookies made with Morinda citrifolia powder. The L value decreased considerably with the addition of Morinda citrifolia powder. The control also recorded the highest hardness points and had significant differences from the groups added with 3% and 6% Morinda citrifolia powder. The sensory evaluation results showed no significant differences in the taste, flavor, texture, and overall preference between the group of 6% Morinda citrifolia powder and the control except for color, which suggests that cookies made with 6% Morinda citrifolia powder seem to be ideal.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 1986

The effects of polyphosphates (STP, TSPP, SAPP and SHMP) and heart on phyrsicochemical properties of a restructured pork product were studied. Among phosphates studied, no significant differences were found in TBA value and WHC while STP and TSPP showed a significantly better effect on the reduction of cooking loss than SAPP and SHMP. When the products with beef heart (5%, 10%, and 15%) were compared with beef organoleptically, texture and color of the products showed no difference from those of beef regardless of levels of heart. Juiciness was better and cooking loss was lower in the products with heart than in beef. When pork heart was added, cooking loss and TBA value were not significantly different among products with different levels of heart (5%,7.5% and 10%). Color and juiciness were improved significantly with 7.5%, and 10% levels compared to 5% level. The measurements by a color difference meter showed that the improvement of color was mainly due to the increase in redness of tilt product.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1986

Among the skeletal tuberculosis, tuberculous spondylitis is high incidence and curable disease, if early diagnosis and treatment are possible. We reviewed clinical manifestations and radiologic analysis of 30 cases tuberculous spondylitis from May 1983 to Sept. 1986, at Yeungnam medical center, Yeungnam University. The results were follows : 1. The frequent involve sites were thoracolumbar vertebra. 2. The continuous lesion is 86.7% of the all cases. 3. The most common type was intervertebral type, and lytic and sclerotic lesion were same incidence. 4. Paravertebral abscess, kyphosis and disc space narrowing were demonstrated more than 80.0% of the cases. 5. Computed tomography was more accurate diagnostic method rather than conventional plain study to evaluation of extent of lesion, involvement of spinal canal and cord, and size and location of paravertebral abscess. And CT guided abscess drainage procedure was helpful to diagnosis and treatment. 6. Ultrasonography was helpful to differential diagnosis between paravertebral abscess and other solid mass, and useful to follow up study of paravertebral abscess after treatment.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.26
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• pp.291-331
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• 1997

법치주의 사회에서는 개인적으로 혹은 단체의 입장에서 모두 법률정보를 필요로 하지만, 특히 법률전문직에 종사하는 사람들은 그들의 사회적 임무와 역할이 법률과 관련되어 있으므로 더욱 강하게 법률정보를 필요로 한다. 이들에게 보다 효율적으로 법률정보를 제공하기 위하여는 정보시스템을 구축하는 것이 필요하고, 이 시스템은 이용자의 정보요구와 이용행태에 적합하도록 즉 이용자의 요구를 충분히 반영할 수 있는 내용을 수록하며, 이용자의 연구습관 및 연구행태 등을 고려하여 마련하여야 하므로, 법률전문직 종사자의 정보요구와 이용행태에 관한 조사는 적절한 시스템의 구축을 위한 선결조건이다. 따라서 본고에서는 법률전문직을 두 집단 즉 실무가 (판사, 검사, 변호사)와 학자(법학교수)로 나누어, 각 집단의 법률정보에 대한 태도, 정보요구와 이용행태의 패턴 및 법률정보원에 대한 태도에 관하여 조사한후, 두 집단의 정보에 관한 특성을 비교하였다. 그 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 실무가와 학자 모두 그들의 연구를 위하여 주로 사용하는 것은 인쇄 자료로서의 판례집과 법령집이다. 그러나 이들 자료중에서 주로 이용되는 자료는 두 집단간에 차이를 보이고 있다. 2) 실무가와 학자 모두 일차자료들의 수록범위, 수록내용, 검색방법 등에 관하여 만족을 못하지만, 특히 검색방법에 대한 불만이 가장 크게 나타나고 있다. 이용자는 일반적으로 특정 주제어에 의하여 필요한 법률정보에 접근하기를 원하지만 이러한 요구를 충족시켜 주지 못한다. 3) 두 집단은 그들의 역할이 각기 다르므로 따라서 선호되는 법률정보의 종류에 대한 순서에 있어서 차이가 있다. 4) 도서관에 대한 태도에 있어서 두 집단은 상이한 입장을 보이고 있다. 학자들의 과반수는 중요 정보원으로서 자신의 개인장서를 활용하며, 도서관의 장서 및 그 조직방법에 대해서도 별로 만족하지를 못하고 있다. 반면에, 실무가들은 도서관에 대하여 비교적 만족하며 따라서 도서관에 대한 이용도도 높다. 5) 두 집단 모두 보조인을 적극적으로 활용하지 않으며 사서의 도움을 받는 경우도 극소수에 불과하다. 이러한 조사결과를 기초로 하여 볼 때 법률전문직을 둘러싼 정보환경을 개선하기 위하여는, 인쇄된 일차적 정보자료의 검색방법등을 개선하고, 나아가서는 법령과 판례정보를 위한 효율적인 시스템을 구축하며, 뿐만 아니라 이용자의 요구에 충분히 대처할 수 잇는 도서관으로 변화되는 것이다. 이와 함께 가장 중요한 것은 법과대학과 사법연수원에서 법학 연구방법에 관한 강좌를 개설하여 각종 법률정보원의 활용 내지 도서관 이용방법에 관하여 교육하는 것이다.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

이 논문의 주목적은 정상인을 대상으로 각기 다른 3가지의 (체중의 1.5 %, 3.0 %, 9.0 %) 부하를 통해서 자세의 불균형을 유발시켰을 때 나타나는 postural movement patterns을 기술하기 위한 연구이다. 연구대상의 허리중심에 체중부하를 주어 균형이 뒤로 이동하게 하여, surface EMG(표면 근전도)를 통하여 Tibialis anterior(Ta), Gastrocnernius(Gc), Quadriceps femoris(Qc), Hamstring(Ha), Rectus abdominalis(Ab)와 Paraspinalis(Pa) 근육들의 motor recruitment pattern(운동회집형태)를 측정하였다. 그리고 비디오 촬영은 고관절, 슬관절, 족관절의 움직임을 보기 위해 사용하였다. 특히 근전도 (EMG)는 자세반응 검사에 있어 첫 근반응(근수축) 경과시간(FR)과 분절간격간의 (ID)시간을 조사하는데 사용되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 4가지 중요한 사실을 전해주고 있다. 첫 번째로서, 연구대상자에게 체중의 1.5 %의 부하를 적용하였을 때 Ta가 가장 먼저 수축을 시작하였고(FR:$88{\pm}19.4$ ms) 발목과 대퇴사이의 분절 간격간(ID)의 평균은 +9.3 ms였다. 또한 족관절의 변화가 가장 뚜렷하여 Nashner(1985)의 족기전을 뒷받침하고 있다. 둘째로는 연구대상자에게 체중의 3.0 %의 부하를 주었을 때 Qc와 Ab근육이 원위부에서 근위부 순서로 수축하였고, 첫 번째 근육수축시간은 ($82{\pm}39.2$ ms)였다. 그리고 이때 분절간격의 평균은 +8.3ms 이였고 Ta는 거의 반응하지 않았다. 족관절과 슬관절에 비해 고관절의 변화가 가장 현저하게 나타났고, 이 또한 Nashner의 고관절 기전과 같은 현상을 보였다. 셋째로 연구 대상자에게 체중의 9.0 % 부하를 허리에 적용하였을 때 근수축은 근위부에서 원위부 순서를 이루어졌다. 즉 Ab,Qc, Ta, Ps순으로 근수축 되었다. Ab가 처음으로 수축하여 첫 반응(FR)은 $73{\pm}3.2$ ms 이였고 슬관절과 고관절의 변화가 가장 뚜렷하였다. 넷째로 연구 대상자에게 체중의 9.0 %부하를 적용하였을 때, 균형을 잡기 위해 뒷걸음치는 것이 관찰되었고 이때 근수축 순서는 Ta,Ab.Ps,Qc,Hs였다. 이 결과는 Nasher의 결과와 불일치하였다. 이상과 같은 결과에서 연구대상자의 자세운동형태(postural movement patterns)는 각기 다른 부하 정도와 시간에 따라 합성적으로 이루어지는 것으로 보여졌다. 특히, 자세운동형태는 부하의 적용위치와 연구대상자의 최근의 경험에 영향을 받은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 결론적으로 말하면 자세운동형태는 중앙신경계의 제한적(한정적) 명령 시스템에 의해서 움직임(movement)이 발생하기 전에 조직된다는 Nashner의 가설을 뒷받침하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.840-846
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• 2003

Physiochemical and sensory properties of muskmelon pickles were investigated under salting condition using deep seawater salt, sun-dried salt and purified salt. The changes of weight, shrinkage rate salinity and pH of muskmelon during salting time were almost nothing shown. Turbidity of pickle juice was the highest in salt solution using sun-dried salt and was almost nothing shown in deep seawater salt and purified salt. Solid content of pickle juice was higher in pickle juice using sun-dried salt than deep seawater salt and purified salt. The calcium content of muskmelon salted by deep seawater salt and sun-dried salt were increased to 4.3 times and 3.7 times, respectively. Hardness became a little higher on muskmelon using deed seawater salt ann sun dried salt than purified salt. In organoleptic result, color, flavor, taste, texture and overall palatability of muskmelon salted by deep seawater salt became higher in other salt solution (sun-friend salt and purified salt).