• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 1993

C. sinensis total RMh was containing large amount of 185 rRNA but little 285 rRNA. The size of the double-stranded cDNA synthesized from poly $(A)^{+}$ mRNA was 0.4-4.2 kb long with tapering unto 9.5 kb. Degenerated oligonucleotides (as 2 sense and 3 antisense Primers) were designed on the conserved regions of the known tropomyosin amino acid sequences. From one out of the PCR amplifications using total CDNA and matrix of primers, a specific gene product, 580 bp in size, was produced. Upon Southern hybridization of the PCR products with Schistosomn mnnsoni tropomyosin (SMTM) CDNA, only one signal appeared at the band of 580 bp product. This 580 bp product was considered to encode C. sinensis tropomyosin (CSTM) and cloned in pGEM-3Zf(-) for DNA sequencing. CSTM cDNA was 575 bp containing one open reading frame of 191 predicted amino acids, which revealed 86.3% homology with SMTM and 51.1% with rrichostronsylur coeubnlormis tropomyosin. CSTM cDNA obtained will serve as a probe in the studies of molecular cloning of CSTM.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of sonography on clonorchiasis. During the 9 months from March to November 1994, sonography skin test, stool examination, and medical examination were performed to 609 volunteers of Pohang which is located along the Hyongsan-gang (Rivers and is one of well-known endemic areas of clonorchiasis. The sensitivity of sonography was either 21% if the intrahepatic ducts dilatation was assumed to be the only positive anding or 52% if the periductal echogenicity was also included as one of positive findings. The sensitivity of skin test was 62%. The sensitivity was 46% if the diagnostic criteria were arbitrarily assumed as being positive in skin test and having either sonographic findings. The sonographic finding of fusiform, non-shadowing, weakly echogenic foci in gallbladder or in billiaiy tree indicating the flukes or aggregates of flukes was not obvious in this study. The specificity of sonography was either 95% if the intrahepatic ducts dilatation was assumed to be the only positive finding or 82% if the periductal echogenicity was also included as one of positive findings. The specificity of skin test was 52%. The specificity was 90% if the diagnostic criteria was arbitrarily assumed as being positive in skin test and having either sonographic findings.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1988

In an attempt to determine the susceptibility of inbred golden hamsters(Mesocricetus auratus) to the experimental infection with Clonorchis sinensis, twenty-five hamsters were divided into 5 groups and administered orally 5, 10, 20, 30 or 50 metacercariae each. The hamsters were killed on the 45th day after infection. The adult flukes were recovered from all hamsters. The overall recovery rate for the fluke was 57.9% with the range of 48.4% to 92.0%. As the number of the metacercariae given increased, a porportionate decrease in the recovery rate was found, the prepatent period of the fluke in the hamster varied from 15 to 17 days, with the average of 16 days. No significant differences in the development of the flukes were observed. Egg production expressed by EPG, increased step by step as the time elapsed. However, a tendency of decreasing egg laying capacity was observed with the increase of worm burden. It is suggested that the hamster is a suitable final host of C. sinensis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 1996

The infestation rates and abundances of human infecting metacercariae (Clonorchis sinensis, Metcgonimus spry. , Centrocestus crmatus, Echinostoma hortense, Echinochusnus japonicw, Clinostomum complanctum) in freshwater fish were investigated at the three river areas - Taewhagang (river), Hyongsangang (river), Nakdonggang (river) - in Kyongsang-do and at four streams - Yonpungchon, Munsanchon, Kyonganchon, and Konjiamchon- in Kyonggi-do, Korea in 1994-1995. The fish caught at Taewhagang were heavily infested with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis and Centrocestw armctus. At Hyongsangang, Zncco platypus and Z. temmincki were moderately infested with metacercariae of C. crmctus. Chomanpo, at the basin of Nakdonggang, was still endemic for C. sinensis. In the fish caught at four streams of Kyonggi-do, metacercariae of C. sinensis exhibited the highest infestation rate and intensity out of 6 species of metacercariae. The infestation intensity of C. sinensis metacercariae in fish flesh was markedly different according to each division of flesh. The cause of this difference was conjectured as a result of larval behavior. The metacercariae of C. omnt5 were found in almost all parts, except scales and fins, of fish. The infestation rates and intensities of C. sinensis and C. armntus metacercariae in Taewhagang greatly increased as compared with those of previous reports . RhinoBobius bmnneus and Aconthorhone5 macropterus are newly recorded intermediate hosts of Echinostonn hortense. The reason of large differences from previous data was discussed and the standard method of metacercaria examination was proposed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 1990

The employees at the Pohang industrial area, where Clonarchis sinensis has been known to be endemic along the Hyungsan River, were examined parasitologically for clonorchiasis and a part of the infected cases were surveyed with a questionaire to outline the recent infection status of C. sinensis and epidemiological parameters in the area. Total of 3, 180 cases were tested by intra- dermal inoculation of C. sinensis antigen (Green Cross Co., Korea), and 834(26.2%) were found positive. Out of the positive cases, 598 were subjected to (ecal examination for helminth ova. The examination revealed 129(21.6%) ova Positive cases of C. sinensis, and Trichuris trichiura 1.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 0.3%, and Metagonimus yokogawai 0.2%. The questionaire analysis showed some significant difFerences between the infected and non-infected(control) groups. The infected cases were less educated than the control, and they lived at the closer area to the river, and most of them lived there over 20 years. Also they preferred eating raw fresh water fish. Most of the detected cases were treated with prasiquantel and found negative for the eggs in 85.3% of them 1 year after the treatment. The present data reveal markedly decreased endemicity of clonorchiasis compared with previous prevalence rates but still clonorchiasis is endemic in the Hyungsan river basin. A comprehensive measure including case detection, treatment and education for parasite control should be applied to control clonorchiasis in such endemic areas.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2004

In this study, ultrastructural change of the bile duct fibroblast at infected rat with Clonorchis sinensis, and the distribution of lectin receptors and actin protein in cultured bile duct infected with Clonorchis sinensis. It explored using colloidal gold label complex with lectin WGA purified from wheat germ (Triticum vulgaris) and anti actin antibody purified actin (43 kDa) isolated from chicken back muscle. The lectin WGA with protein A gold complex labeled sections of the cultured fibroblast revealed gold particles specifically distributed on the multi vesicular form Golgi complex and cell surface of the fibroblast. The actin antibody with protein A gold complex labeled sections of the cultured fibroblast revealed gold particles specifically distributed on the cytoplasm of the fibroblast. Labeling of cultured fibroblast in rat bile duct infected with Clonorchis sinensis was then quantified and compared to that of cultured Fibroblast in Rat Bile duct. These results indicate that lectin WGA receptors are located in the multi vesicular form Golgi complex in the cytoplasm to the cytoplasmic process of the Rat bile duct fibroblast infected with Clonorchis sinensis. Therefore, the GlcNAc and NeuNac regions on the cell surface and cytoplasmic process appear to be functionally associated with cell-recognition and protection from other cell of the tissue, and linked with secretion and exocytosis of the fibroblst cytoplasm. GlcNAc and NeuNAc product in the multi vesicular form Golgi complex then it is transported to cell surface. Actin protein is many appears that infected fibroblast rather than normal fibroblast. The fibroblast of infected with Clonorchis sinensis are against of the physical and chemical stimulation. Then development of cytoplasmic process is relative some stimulation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1991

An immunohistochemical study was performed to demonstrate comparative antigenicity of each body structure of the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, such as the digestive tract, reproductive organs, excretory system, tegument and suckers. Indirect immunoperoxidase technique was applied, rising formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of C. sinensis as the antigen. Pooled cat sera obtained 10 weeks after an experimental infection with C. sinensis and peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-cat IgG were used as the primary and secondary antibodies, respectively. The intensity of immunohistochemical stain was very sensitive upon the titers of the primary and secondary antibodies, and their optimum dilutions were found to be 1:1,000∼1:2,000 and 1:1,000, respectively. The intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal content and excretory bladder showed strong positive coloring reactions even at lower titer (1 : 2,000) of the primary antibody, whereas the uterine wall and eggs, vitelline glands, and male reproductive organs showed only weak positive reactions despite an increase in the antibody titer (1:1,000). On the other hand, the suckers, tegument, subtegumental cells and other parenchyme portions did not reveal any positive immunoperoxidase reaction at the same antibody titers. From the above results, it is highly suggested that the most potent antigenicity of C. sinensis occur from their excretory-secretory substances originated from the digestive and excretory organs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 1983

실험동물에서 짧은 기간 감염시킨 후 얻은 간흡충(Clonorchis sinensis)에서는 거의 볼 수 없지만, 간, 담도 수술 또는 부검을 실시할 때 사람에서 얻은 간흡충중에는 검은 색소를 갖는 것을 관찰할 때가 있다. 이 색소는 살아 있는 간흡충에서도 명백하며, 색소가 없는 간흡충은 색이 분홍빛이고 투명한데 비하여 색소가 있는 것은 검은색을 띠고 불투명하다. 사람에서 얻은 간홉충 모두가 검은 색소를 갖고 있는 것은 아니며, 이제까지의 경험으로는 30세 이상 어른에서 얻은 간흡충중 그 길이가 약 1cm이상인 것에서 나타난다. 이 색소의 성분에 대하여 과거에는 빌리루빈, 또는 숙주 혈구세포에서 유래한 철을 포함하는 색소일 것이라고 생각하고 있었다. 저자등은 이 색소가 간흡충의 노쇠현상과 관련된 것으로 생각하고, 그렇다면 lipofuscin일 것이라고 생각하였다. 위의 가정을 확인하기 위하여 육안적으로 분명히 검은 색소가 있은 충체의 조직절편을 만들고, H & E, prussian blue, bilirubin, Fontina-Masson, PAS, amylase-PAS, Ziehi-Neelsen 및 AFIP method for lipofuscin등 8가지 조직화학적 염색을 실시하였다. 색소는 H & E, prussian blue, bilirubin, montana-Masson염색으로 착색되지 않았으며, PAS, amylase-PAS, Ziehi-Neelen, 및 AFIP method for lipofuscin에 염색되어 이것이 조직화학적으로 리포푸신 색소임을 확인하였다. 색소를 다시 전자현미경으로 관찰한 바 색소과립안에는 모양이 등글거나 타원형이고 크기가 $0.05~0.240{\mu}m$인 세포막구조가 산재하였음을 발견할 수 있어 간흡충의 검은 색소는 리포푸신 색소임을 다시 확인할 수 있었다.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.242-251
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the factors of C. sinensis infection among the residents in vicinity of the Nakdong River and the infection status of fishes in the stream with C. sinensis maetacercaria. Methods: Selected five regions of the Nakdong River and collected freshwater fishes from the stream to examine their metacercarial infections; and studied the status and causes of C. sinensis infection in 552 residents living within 5 kilometers from the river. Results: Among the 552 residents studied, 13.8% were infected with C. sinensis, and among 379 freshwater fishes of 20 species collected from the five regions, 41 fishes of 8 species were infected with C. sinensis metacercaria. Conclusion: In order to prevent human C. sinensis infection and transition to chronic liver ions, we need to develop and apply good programs such as continuous health education, personal hygiene improvement, active medical treatment for those infected with C. sinensis, and residents’ voluntarily stop of eating freshwater fishes in the raw state.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 1988

The pattern of sensory papillae, chaetotaxy, of the cercaria of Clenorchis sinensis was observed, The chaetotaxy was as follows; 5~6 Ci 1, 4~5 Ci 2, 5, ~6 Ci3 at 1st row, 4 Cii 1, 2 Cii2, 4 Cii3, 5~6 Cii4 at 2nd row, 3~4 Ciii 1, 2~3 Ciii 2 at 3rd row, and 2 Civl, 2~3civ2, 2~3 Civ 3, at 4th row, in cephalic region; 2 AiV, 1 AiD, 2 AiiV, 1 AiiD, 2 Aiiiv, 2 AiiiD, 1 AivV, 1 AivD, 1 PiiD, 1 PiiiD, in ventral(V) and dorsal(D) portions of body. Caudal region revealed 2-2-2-2 formula.