• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1424-1435
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• 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of multiphasic CT and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for the differentiation of combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods From January 2007 to April 2016, 93 patients with pathologically confirmed HCC (n = 84) or cHCC-CCA (n = 9) underwent CT and PET/CT imaging. Contrast enhancement patterns were divided into three types based on the attenuation of the surrounding liver parenchyma: type I (early arterial enhancement with delayed washout), type II (early arterial enhancement without delayed washout), and type III (early hypovascular, infiltrative appearance, or peripheral rim enhancement). Results cHCC-CCAs (89%) had a higher PET/CT positive rate than did HCCs (61%), but the PET/CT positive rate did not differ significantly (p = 0.095). Among the 19 cases of the type II enhancement pattern, 3 (21%) of 14 HCCs and 4 (80%) of 5 cHCC-CCAs were PET/CT positive. cHCC-CCAs had a significantly higher PET/CT positive rate (p = 0.020) in the type II enhancement pattern. Conclusion The PET/CT positive rate of cHCC-CCA was significantly higher than that of HCC in lesions with a type II enhancement pattern. The ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT can be useful for the differentiation of cHCC-CCA from HCC in lesions with a type II enhancement pattern on multiphasic CT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.4
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• pp.808-829
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• 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be diagnosed noninvasively on multiphasic CT and MRI based on its distinctive imaging findings. These features include arterial phase hyperenhancement and washout on portal or delayed phase images. However, radiologists face significant diagnostic challenges because some HCCs exhibit atypical imaging characteristics. In addition to many HCC-mimicking lesions, such as arterioportal shunts, combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and hemangioma present a challenge for radiologists in actual clinical practice. The ability to distinguish HCCs from mimickers on initial imaging examinations is crucial for appropriate management and treatment decisions. Therefore, this pictorial review presents the imaging findings of atypical HCCs and HCCs mimicking malignant and benign lesions and discusses important clues that may help narrow down the differential diagnosis.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rather unique. Most of HCC patients have underlying chronic liver diseases with or without cirrhosis and the prognosis of HCC depends on the liver function, as well as the tumor extent. Non-invasive diagnosis of HCC can be made with certain risk factors and specific imaging findings (e.g. hypervascularity). Patients with HCC can receive surgical resection, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy as other solid malignancies. HCC has more treatment options such as liver transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). A variety of practice guidelines for HCC has been published by many academic societies. Different healthcare systems and availability of resources also affect the practice guidelines; therefore, practice guidelines have similarities and dissimilarities. Herein, we review the current status of practice guidelines for HCC and future perspectives for the improvement of guidelines are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2023

The liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) has been developed with the support of the American College of Radiology to standardize the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The CT/MRI LI-RADS version 2018 has been incorporated in the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidance. This review examines the effect of CT/MRI LI-RADS on the standardized reporting of liver imaging, and the evidence in diagnosing HCC and evaluating treatment response after locoregional treatment using CT/MRI LI-RADS. The results are compared with other HCC diagnosis guidelines, and future directions are described.

• The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
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• v.72 no.5
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• pp.267-270
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• 2018

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Categorizing prognostic factors is very useful for a disease diagnosis, determination of treatment and study eligibility criteria. Methods often used to categorize factors are to select a cutpoint by biological theory, by graphical examination, by the minimum p-value approach. The last method involves multiple testing, and several methods for adjusting p-values have been developed. This study determines the cutpoint of tumor size to separate patients of high risk of relapse after hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.105-109
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• 2000

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary inherited B-cell immunodeficiency. The prevalence of neoplastic disease in patients with XLA is approximatedly 0.7%. The most frequent tumor is lymphoreticular malignancy. We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a 13-year-old boy with XLA, after probable maternal transmission of hepatitis B virus. The authors consider that the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus might play an important role in the development of HCC in a child with XLA who could not eliminate hepatitis B virus effectively.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.108-111
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• 2012

Metastatic tumors to the hand are rare and often overlooked by clinicians. Here, we report a rare case of phalangeal metastasis of right 4th finger in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment was given with right 4th finger disarticulation. This report suggests that physicians must take consideration into the possibility of metastatic tumors in patients with bone lesions on hands and a history of malignancy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.809-812
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• 2004

Chest wall metastases from malignant tumors are rare and the majority of them are from adjacent structures such as the breast, lung, pleura, and mediastinum. Paticularly, chest wall metastases from distant organs are an even rarer event. There are few reports of chest wall metastasis with obscure or absent primary tumor. A 51-year-old man was diagnosed with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma after an operation for a palpable mass on his left upper chest wall, At that time, there was no evidence of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver after various examinations. We report a case of chest wall metastasis from unknown primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.287-295
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• 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. The chemotherapeutic agents used to treat HCC patients are toxic and have serious side effects. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of anticancer drugs that reduce side effects by targeting tumor cells without causing cytotoxicity in healthy hepatocytes. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plant compounds, has emerged as a potential candidate for cancer treatment due to its diverse pharmacological properties. The effect of berberine on HepG2 cell viability was determined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. HepG2 cell proliferation was determined through a colony-forming assay. The effects of berberine on HepG2 cell migration were evaluated using a wound-healing assay. Berberine inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, as well as colony formation and migration. Berberine treatment increased the expression of autophagy-related genes and proteins, including Beclin-1 and LC3-II, and elevated the activities and mRNA expression of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3. Additionally, in experiments utilizing the Cell-Derived Xenograft animal model, berberine treatment reduced tumor size and weight in a concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the potential of berberine as a versatile anticancer agent with efficacy in both cellular and animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings herein shed light on berberine's efficacy against HCC, presenting opportunities for targeted and personalized therapeutic interventions.