• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.499-508
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• 2014

In this paper, we implemented a LED sensitivity illumination system, being driven in response to changes in the biological signals of GSR and PPG signal. After measuring biological signals of a human body from GSR and PPG sensor modules, MCU decided the state of relaxation or arousal of the subject, being based on the wake relaxation identifying map proposed in this paper. A developed LED sensitivity illumination system makes the subject to reach a normal state by giving a change of the LED illumination color, corresponding to a state of the subject.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.396-400
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• 1999

인간의 감성은 다차원적 감정으로 이루어져 있다. 본 연구는 감성의 2차원 구조를 근거로 쾌-불쾌, 각성-이완 2차원적 감성을 생리신호로 분류하고자 하였다. 20명 남녀 대학생을 참가시켜 자극을 2차원 감성자극(쾌(펜디향수), 불쾌(에탄올), 각성(싸이렌), 이완(가요))으로 정의하고, 2*2 자극제시로 감성을 유발하였다. 26명의 남녀대학생을 실험에 참가시켜 4가지 감성을 유발하여, 측정한 생리신호로는 중추신경계의 활동을 나타내는 EEG(f3, p3, f4, p4)를 측정하였으며, 자율신경계의 활동을 나타내는 ECG(lead II), GSR, SKT를 측정하였다. 각각의 측정한 신호들에 대한 t-test를 실시하여 유의성 있는 변수를 추출하였으며 추출된 변수는 EEG의 f3(beta), p3(delta, beta), f4(delta), p4(alpha), HRV의 HF, HF/LF, GSR의 rising time이었으며 2차원 감성을 분류하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.279-282
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• 2002

자율신경계 반응은 인간의 각성을 측정하는 변수가 될 수 있다(황민철 외, 2001). 본 연구에서는 자율신경계 반응만으로 인간의 2차원 감성 분류를 할 수 있는지를 살펴보았다. 5명의 피험자에게 대중가요나 효과음 등과 같은 다양한 청각자극을 제시하여 감성을 유발한 후, 자율신경계의 반응을 3가지 생리신호(GSR, SKT, PPG)를 통해 측정하여 반응 패턴을 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 자율신경계 반응 패턴은 각성/이완뿐만 아니라 쾌/불쾌간 감성 구분의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.62-65
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• 2008

White Noise는 일반적으로 이완의 감성을 유발한다고 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 두 종류의 음향에 White Noise를 혼합하였을 때 사용자에게 이완의 감성을 유발시킬 수 있는지 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 실험은 20명의 피험자를 대상으로 원본 음향과 White Noise가 추가된 음향을 들려주고, 각성-이완에 대한 주관적 설문과 중추신경계 반응 그리고 자율신경계 반응을 측정하였다. 실험결과는 t-test를 통하여 음향 별 감성평가 유의성 검증을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 White Noise가 혼합된 음향은 그렇지 않은 음향에 비해 이완감성 측정값이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 White Noise가 혼합된 음향은 이완 유발 효과가 크다고 할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.463-471
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• 2014

In this paper, emotion classification was performed by using four ocular features extracted from near-infrared camera image. According to comparing with previous work, the proposed method used more ocular features and each feature was validated as significant one in terms of emotion classification. To minimize side effects on ocular features caused by using visual stimuli, auditory stimuli for causing two opposite emotion pairs such as "positive-negative" and "arousal-relaxation" were used. As four features for emotion classification, pupil size, pupil accommodation rate, blink frequency, and eye cloased duration were adopted which could be automatically extracted by using lab-made image processing software. At result, pupil accommodation rate and blink frequency were statistically significant features for classification arousal-relaxation. Also, eye closed duration was the most significant feature for classification positive-negative.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 화상 시뮬레이터 상에서 저속 (40km/h) 주행과 고속 (160km/h) 주행으로 지루감 및 긴장감을 유발시킨 후, 100%의 Jasmine abs와 Lavender oil france (KIMEX Co. Ltd)의 향 자극이 지루함 및 긴장감의 증감에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 건강과 피험자 10명을 대상으로 심전도, 피부온도, 맥파의 자율신경계 반응을 측정하였다. 또한 각 실험 전후에 Simulator Sickness를 측정하여 Simulator Sickness가 실험 결과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 지루한 저속 주행 시 향자극이 없을 때에 비해 각 향을 제시하였을 때 각성 효과가 발생하여 교감 신경계가 활성화됨을 자율신경계 반응으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러나 두 가지 향에 따라 큰 차이는 발생하지 않았다. 본 연구로부터 일정하고 느린 주행으로 유발되는 신체의 이완 현상 또는 졸리움 현상이 향 자극에 의해 감소되는 경향을 자율 신경계의 반응을 통해 관찰할 수 있었다. 고속 주행 시에는 향을 제시하지 않았을 때보다 두 가지 향을 제시하였을 때 긴장감이 모두 이완되는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 고속 주행으로 유발되는 신체의 긴장감이 향 자극으로 인해 감소된다는 사실을 자율신경계의 반응을 통해 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로 본 연구로부터 지루한 저속 주행으로 유발된 신체의 이완감과 고속 주행으로 유발된 신체의 긴장감은 각 향 자극에 의해 이완감의 감소와 긴장감의 감소를 유발하였다는 사실을 관찰할 수 있었고, 두 향의 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.176-189
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze self-regulation about changing heart rate and perceived arousal variation when actors start their performance. Object of this study were 5 actors who belong to the theater selected using the purposive sampling method. This study used a measuring instrument of heart rate to measure arousal status, used behavior observation paper to observe and record self-regulation behavior and executed personal consultation after ending performance. There was graph mad by variation transition which calculated average and standard deviation about variation of heart rate each time of performance. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were high variation of awake level that actor's heart rates were rising before starting performance and the most high level of arousal was from 20minutes to 5minutes before starting performance. Second, there were self-regulation behaviors appeared such as deep breathing, breath controling, self talking, talking with other actors, concentrating an script, going to toilet, smoking, checking closes before starting performance. Third, when performance start, actors used psychological self-regulational method such as relaxation, self concentration, confidence reinforcement, coping with state or accommodation for controling raised arousal status.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2002

Objectives: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) corrected elevated blood pressure (BP) in some studies of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) but not in others. Such inconsistent results in previous studies might be due to differences in factors influencing the effects of CPAP on BP. The factors referred to include BP monitoring techniques, the characteristics of subjects, and method of CPAP application. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of one night CPAP application on BP and heart rate (HR) reactivity using non-invasive beat-to-beat BP measurement in normotensive and hypertensive subjects with OSAS. Methods: Finger arterial BP and oxygen saturation monitoring with nocturnal polysomnography were performed on 10 OSAS patients (mean age $52.2{\pm}12.4\;years$; 9 males, 1 female; respiratory disturbance index (RDI)>5) for one baseline night and another CPAP night. Beat-to-beat measurement of BP and HR was done with finger arterial BP monitor ($Finapres^{(R)}$) and mean arterial oxygen saturation ($SaO_2$) was also measured at 2-second intervals for both nights. We compared the mean values of cardiovascular and respiratory variables between baseline and CPAP nights using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Delta ($\Delta$) BP, defined as the subtracted value of CPAP night BP from baseline night BP, was correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), baseline night values of BP, BP variability, HR, HR variability, mean $SaO_2$ and respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and CPAP night values of TWT% (total wake time%) and CPAP pressure, using Spearman's correlation. Results: 1) Although increase of mean $SaO_2$ (p<.01) and decrease of RDI (p<.01) were observed on the CPAP night, there were no significant differences in other variables between two nights. 2) However, delta BP tended to increase or decease depending on BP values of the baseline night and age. Delta systolic BP and baseline systolic BP showed a significant positive correlation (p<.01), but delta diastolic BP and baseline diastolic BP did not show a significant correlation except for a positive correlation in wake stage (p<.01). Delta diastolic BP and age showed a significant negative correlation (p<.05) during all stages except for REM stage, but delta systolic BP and age did not. 3) Delta systolic and diastolic BPs did not significantly correlate with other factors, such as BMI, baseline night values of BP variability, HR, HR variability, mean SaO2 and RDI, and CPAP night values of TWT% and CPAP pressure, except for a positive correlation of delta diastolic pressure and TWT% of CPAP night (p<.01). Conclusions: We observed that systolic BP and diastolic BP tended to decrease, increase or remain still in accordance with the systolic BP level of baseline night and aging. We suggest that BP reactivity by CPAP be dealt with as a complex phenomenon rather than a simple undifferentiated BP decrease.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.279-288
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify the impact of cognitive factors and GSR on the task performance. For this study 64 students participated. Multiple regression and repeated measures were applied to analyze the data. The result for the survey indicated that previous knowledge, physical efforts, and task difficulty had significant impacts on task performance. Particularly, task difficulty has a negative impact. This can be interpreted as someone who has high prior knowledge inputs higher physical efforts with low task difficulty perception will show high performance. On the other hand, the low arousal level of GSR in the evaluation stage is a prediction variable of task performance. This result shows that high prior knowledge and low arousal level of GSR produces high performance. However, the analysis of difference in GSR between learning and evaluation stages does not show significant difference. It suggests that physiological measure such as GSR is reliable index of cognitive load; however, it partially represents cognitive load. Other crucial factors should be added for comprehensive measures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.469-484
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of arousal control training conjugated heart rate biofeedback for national substitute three archery players. The arousal control training programs was developed on previous researches and 3 archery experts and 1 sport psychologist had meetings. The training programs contained as orientation, breathing regulation, progressive relaxation technique, heart rate biofeedback, cognitive restructuring, routine and consisted of 24 weeks. XCOACH was utilized as heart rate biofeedback instrument. The effects was examined on competitive state anxiety inventory-2, archery score and ranking, observation, interviews and self assessment. As the results, the score of subfactor was improved on somatic state anxiety, cognitive state anxiety and self-confidence. As the results of observation, interviews and self assessment, the ability of arousal control was enhanced by using effective psychological skills conjugated heart rate biofeedback.