• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.838-848
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• 2014

We present a simulation study of an algorithm for the range and angle of arrival(AOA) estimation with an interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR) altimeter using a real digital elevation model(DEM). We also illustrate a step-by-step procedure of generating raw InSAR data, as well as their range and azimuth compressed data, which is to be used for the subsequent altitude and angle estimation. The AOA is estimated using a deterministic maximum likelihood estimator(DMLE) applied to the first arrived point for each pulse in the compressed data obtained with three antennas. The range bin size and the pulse repetition interval(PRI) are much smaller than the cell size of the DEM used in this study. To make the DEM compatible to the radar parameters, we first generate a higher resolution DEM by linearly interpolating the given DEM. After a brief description of the principle of the InSAR altimeter, the algorithms for altitude and angle estimation are presented, and their performance is assessed through simulation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1037-1046
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• 2013

In this study, the establishment of the criteria for accurate measurement is investigated via a statistical analysis of experimental results. The magnitude of influence on measurement errors is severely affected by the number of paths, mounting angle of sensor, straight pipe length in sequence, and Reynolds number. Three-dimensional numerical analysis has been conducted to understand the flow patterns downstream of a double bent pipe. Numerical analysis shows that the results well agreed with the experimental ones in case of a sensor mounting angle of $0^{\circ}$ and L/D = 3, 5 of $45^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$ in a single path. As a result, when the Reynolds number is 700,000-1,400,000, the sensor error of a single-path ultrasonic flowmeter is reduced with the mounting condition of L/D = 3, $45^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.159-177
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle and the angular velocity of the air born phase and understand the control mechanism of the high-bar movement, the somersault, the double somersault, the double somersault with full twist. For this study seven well trained university gymnastic volunteered, Zatsiorky and Seluyanov(1983, 1985)'s sixteen segment system anatomical model was used for this study. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(Arial Performance Analysis System : APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 5.1 graphical profromming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and angular velocity were defined. As a result of this study 1. As the rotation of the body increased in the air born phase the projection angle of the CM of the total increased, this resulted the increased of the max hight of the CM. 2. In three dimensional angular velocity the Z axis(vertical direction) projection angular velocity increased as the rotation of the body increased in the airborn phase, but the Y axis and the X axis projection angular velocity did not show significant differences. 3. As the rotation of the body increased in the air born phase the angular movement of the shoulder and the hip showed significant change. These movement act as the starter in the preparation phase. 4. The somersault angle, the twist angle, the tilt angle of the upper body related to the global reference frame in the releas phase the average somersault angle of the three types of high-bar movement was $57.7^{\circ}$, $38.8^{\circ}$, $39.7^{\circ}$, the average tilt angle was $-1.5^{\circ}$, $-5.4^{\circ}$, $-8.4^{\circ}$, the average twist angle was $13.4^{\circ}$, $10.6^{\circ}$, $23.3^{\circ}$. This result showed that the somersault with full twist had the largest movement.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 1999

To predict the viscous boundary layers and wakes around a ship, the CFD techniques are commonly used. For the efficient application of CFD tools to practical hull farms, a 3-D field grid generating system is developed. The present grid generating system utilizes the solution of Poisson equation. Sorenson's method developed for 2-D is extended into 3-D to provide the forcing functions controling grid interval and orthogonality on hull surface, etc. The weighting function scheme is used for the discretization of the Poisson equation and the linear equations are solved by using MSIP salver. The trans-finite interpolation is also employed to assure the smooth transition into boundary surface grids. To rove the applicability, the field grid systems around a container ship and a VLCC with bow and stem bulb are illustrated, and the procedures for generating 3-D field grid system are explained.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1105-1110
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• 2012

The spine is one of the most important skeletal joints, and it strongly affects the health of the musculoskeletal system. A normal spine has an S-shape, and it is very important to maintain this shape. Recently, spinal diseases such as low back pain have increased rapidly, especially among the elderly. Some of these diseases are caused by congenital spinal disorders and sporting and accident injuries as well as by bad postures. Improper spinal postures could generate excessive disc pressure, which is related to degeneration and pain. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the three-dimensional kinematic parameters of the thoraco-lumbar joint in several bad postures using a motion capture analysis technique. Different bad postures created a significant amount of flexion/extension, side bending, and axial rotation angle compared with neutral postures. Further study is necessary to investigate the disc pressure and ligament force due to the increase in joint rotation from the bad postures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1121-1127
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• 2013

This study deals with experimental studies on electromyogram (EMG) measurements and functional electrical stimulation (FES) for the rehabilitation of a shoulder-joint. Based on the structure, motion, and main functions of the musculoskeletal system in a shoulder-joint, the muscles playing a major role for the motion in the sagittal plane were selected for the experiment. First, the surface electromyogram of the main muscles was measured according to the joint angle. The results showed that the change in the surface EMG was linearly proportional to the change in the joint angle. Second, the joint angle was measured during FES at shoulder muscles. The results showed that the joint angle increased as the FES current increased in a certain range of FES. It was confirmed that the willingness of muscles to move could be detected by measuring EMG and that the generation of muscle tension could be assisted by FES for active rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a method for designing the path tracking controller using an approach angle concept for an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The AUV is controlled by the surge speed and yaw rate: there is no side thruster. To solve this underactuated AUV problem in the path tracking, we introduce an approach angle concept which makes the AUV converge to the reference path. And we design the path tracking controller using the proposed approach angle. To design the path tracking controller, we obtain the new vehicle's error dynamics in the body-fixed frame, and then design the path tracking controller based on Lypunov direct method. Finally, some simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1364-1370
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• 2019

Tilt sensors are mainly used to measure the collapse of structures such as buildings, bridges and tunnels. Recently, due to the ease of use and low price, many tilt sensors using MEMS sensors have been used, but the measurement angle range is limited, and thus, they do not have high precision for 360 degree. This is due to the inherent offset and scale errors of MEMS sensors. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm for the calculation of precision angles to reduce the mechanical error of MEMS sensors, and produced a MEMS sensor module and a transmission module to compare the angle accuracy of sensor modules before calibration and the angle measurement accuracy after calibration. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has a precision of ± 0.015 degrees for all 360-degree.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.439-443
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• 2005

교호사주의 기본적인 특성 중에서 하안 침식과 사행의 발달을 일으키는 기본적인 요소인 사주의 이동 특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 제시된 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 사행에 따른 사주의 이동특성을 파악하였다. 본 2차원 수치모형의 특징으로는 직교좌표계를 변환하여, 하천의 형상에 적합하도록 일반좌표계를 사용하였으며, 하천의 만곡부에서 2차원 흐름특성을 계산하고, 하상변동을 모의하여 사주의 거동을 모의하였다. 사행수로의 사행파장과 하폭의 비가 사주의 이동특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였으며, Kinoshita와 Miwa(1974)에 의해 제시된 한계세굴각과 비교하였으며, 잘 일치하였다. 그 결과로는 사행하천에서 사행의 각도가 클수록 강한 강제효과(forcing effect)에 의해 사주의 이동이 정지되었다. 하폭이 클수록 사주의 이동에 대한 강제효과가 적어 이동한계각이 큰 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 1999

동물계의 몇 곤충을 제외한 대부분 두 개의 눈을 가지고 시 생활을 하게 된다. 이런 두 개의 눈은 진화 과정에서 생존을 위해 필요 충분한 요인인 것이다. 눈의 시야계의 역할을 주변에서 일어나는 사항에 대해서 생존을 위한 즉각적인 대처를 할 수 있게 하고 주변 환경에 대한 정보를 정확하고 빠르게 수용하기 위한 것이며, 외부 환경의 3차원 세계의 정보를 지각하기 위한 것이다. 사람이 볼 수 있는 수평각은 $210^{\circ}$로 다른 동물에 비해 가장 작은 값을 갖으나, 두 눈을 동시에 한 사물을 관찰 할 수 있는 3 차원적 지각 각도는 $130^{\circ}$로 다른 동물에 비해 가 장 큰 값을 갖고 있다. 이런 현상은 사람에게 3차원 영상의 수용이 가장 진화된 것으로 이와 관련된 입체시와 양안 불일치의 형성 원리를 설명 할려고 한다. 양안 불일치는 양 눈과 관련되기 때문이다. 이런 단서는 두 눈은 서로 다른 위치에서 세계를 보기 때문 외부 세계에 대해서 두 개의 약간 서로 다른 시점을 가진다 라는 사실에 기인한다.