• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.37
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• pp.327-348
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• 2004

In this study, after analyzing several local climate characteristics of South Korea, I validated distribution, invasion, foraging, underground activities, attack season as ecological characteristics and also temperature, relative humidity, and tree species as preference characteristics of Korean termites (Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto). Especially, southern part of the Korean peninsula is a suitable area for inhabitation and motion of termites holding same ecological characteristic like R. speratus kyushuensis. Busan is a neighboring district at field distribution north limiting temperature of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Chuncheon is a passing area through the Korean Peninsula of field distribution north limiting temperature of Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe. The termite attack of wood devices was about 34.5% for 3 years in the forest of Jongmyo. Although the attack rate of termite increased each year, the detection rate decreased and the missing rate was high by degrees. I confirmed a foraging habits which is a part of termite colony was a role of continuous decomposition and another was a role of new food hunt as experimental results. The foraging termites were found under ground at Jongmyo in Seoul from April to November in the 2001 and the most active period was on July and August. The termite invasion rate of bait station increased in every monitoring. Through the increasing attack rate of bait station during 2nd monitoring (November, 2000) and 3rd monitoring(March, 2001), I confirmed that termites moved into the deep underground in winter, and were working continuously to forage. R. speratus kyushuensis inhabiting at the Korean Peninsula is a species which has food consumption rate with higher temperature. The termite revealed the greatest amount of food(filter paper) at $30^{\circ}C$(90% RH), but showed increasing death rate at over $32^{\circ}C$. Also, survival rate of this termite was 97% at 84% RH($30^{\circ}C$), but killed 100% at 52% RH($30^{\circ}C$) and 70% RH($30^{\circ}C$). For wood feeding, this was observed the preference in a pine tree(Pinus densiflora) above all others. Survival of termites was high(87%) at a pine tree, but low(13.5%) at a paulownia tree(Paulownia coreana). In this study, I presented the biological characteristic of termite(R. speratus kyushuensis Morimoto) and confirmed the deterioration degree of termite on wooden cultural heritage in Korea. Depending on climate and soil temperature, each area in the southern part of the Korea Peninsula, has some different active period and different distribution of R. speratus kyushensis. With these results, I expect that this report helps to prepare the integrated pest management(IPM) of the termite on wooden cultural heritage in Korea, and it may help to reduce the economical loss from termite damage in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2006

A numerical study for spray combustion of fluctuated fuel and oxidizer droplets injected into combustion chamber has been conducted for the analysis of spray combustion considering characteristics of injector. The 2 dimensional unsteady state flow fields have been calculated by using QUICK Scheme and SIMPLER Algorithm. As the spray model, DSF model and Euler-Lagrange Scheme have been used. The sine Auction has been used for droplet fluctuation model of fuel and oxidizer, while the coupling effects of the droplets between gas phase and evaporated vapor have been calculated by using PSIC model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.971-974
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• 2002

일반적으로 악의적인 사용자는 시스템에 공격을 가해 관리자 권한을 취득한 후 그 시스템에 쉽게 침입하기 위해 백도어를 설치해 놓는다. 이전의 백도어는 대부분 사용자 영역에서 수행중인 응용 프로그램의 형태로 설치가 되었다. 그러나 최근에는 로더블 모듈과 같은 운영체제의 확장 방법을 이용하여 커널 영역에서 수행되는 백도어가 나타나게 되었다. 이러한 커널 백도어를 구현하는 방식은 크게 시스템 콜 테이블을 수정하는 방법과 시스템 콜 처리 루틴을 수정하는 방법의 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 구현된 커널 백도어의 특성 분석을 하였으며, 이를 기반으로 커널 백도어를 효율적으로 차단 및 탐지할 수 있는 방안을 제안하고 있다. 본 논문에서 언급하는 방안은 커널 메모리 영역에 대한 분석을 통하여 백도어가 시스템 콜 테이블을 수정하거나 시스템 콜 처리 루틴을 변경할 수 없도록 하는 보호 메커니즘을 적용하고 있다. 이를 통하여 커널 내부로 적재되어 백도어를 생성하는 악의적인 모듈의 가능성을 원천적으로 방지할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental resources for preventing adolescents' bullying behavior. For this aim we analyzed parents' rearing attitudes and adolescents' personality characteristics effecting on bullying experiences. Methods: We carried out a questionnaire survey at middle and high school located in Anyang, Gwacheon, Gunpo from July 8 to 22, 2013. Data were collected from 756 students. By using SPSS 20.0, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis Results: There was a close relationship among parents' rearing attitudes, adolescents' personality characteristics, and bullying experiences. Parents' affectionate rearing attitudes reduced adolescents' bullying experiences, on the other hand parents' hostile and rejective rearing attitudes increased. The adolescents with high responsibility had low bullying experiences, otherwise adolescents with high activity had high bullying experiences. Conclusions: In order to reduce bullying experiences parents' rearing attitudes should be changed and education programs that could encourage a sense of responsibility should be introduced.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2015

Damages of wooden cultural heritages caused by various bio-species have been a trend that is increasing on climate change. The decay and bio-damage caused by microbial organisms or insect species are also known to factors of the shape changes and structural problems of wooden cultural heritages. There are so many phenomenons of damage and weathering in wooden cultural heritage for many years and particularly termite can threaten seriously wooden cultural heritage. We investigated with respect to internal and external environment and termite inhabitation around the wooden cultural heritage in Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeju-do. As this investigation results, we confirmed that there were the difference in between resident and non-resident about temperature, humidity, moisture contents of wooden building. Resident building is high temperature but humidity and moisture contents is low and these factors are sources of inhabitation condition change about insects as termites. Now we suggest to carry out in parallel to the target wooden cultural heritage and the surrounding habitat for wooden cultural heritage termite damage investigation. Also with the chemical control methods, we must consider necessary to present eco-friendly control management such as construction of heating facilities, residential status, periodic management.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

Morphological characteristics, developmental period, and seasonal occurrence of Adeia leucomelas (L.) were investigated from 1999 to 2000. In addition, consumption of sweetpotato as food was also examined. Adults of A. leucomelas were dark-brown and body lengths of females and males were 20.2 mm and 18.9 mm, respectively, Wing expanse of female and male was 33.7 mm and 29.4mm, respectively. Egg was flat round-shape. Larva was light yellow-green to dark-brown with 3.3-53.5 mm. Pupa was deep-brown and 15.1 mm in length. Developmental periods of A. leucomelas from egg to adult emergence at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30$^{\circ}$C were 108.5, 70.7, 40.2, and 29.1 days, respectively, Developmental threshold (DT) and effective accumulative temperatures were estimated as 10.7$^{\circ}$C and 67.5 DD in egg stage, 11.0$^{\circ}$C and 275.1 DD in larval stage and 9.3$^{\circ}$C and 244.6 DD in pupal stage, respectively. The longevity of adult female was shortened with increment of temperature, whereas the total numbers of eggs laid by a female were increased. The larvae of A.leucomelas occurred from mid-June to early October, and population reached its peak during early to mid-September in Jeonbuk province. Food consumption of A. leucomelas was highest at 20-25$^{\circ}$C. Food consumption of 1 st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th larvae of A. leucomelas per day at 25$^{\circ}$C was 0.4, 3.6, 19.6, 40.7, and 78.9 $\textrm{cm}^2$, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2009

Characteristics of habitat alteration and post-embryonic development of Paratlanticus ussuriensis were investigated in the mountain region of Bitanri, Yeongdong county, Chungcheongbuk-do from 2007 to 2009. Overwintered eggs under the ground in the hillside were hatched from late March to early April. The soil temperature during this season was $7{\sim}14^{\circ}C$. Young nymphs lived mainly at the hillside by eating oak tree leaves but the 3rd or 4th instars switched their habitat to orchards near the hillside in early May, which is the time for sprouting of peach leaves. Old nymphs developed into the adult stage at the orchards in late May and moved back to the hillside in late June. Duration of post-embryonic development from the first instar nymph to adult was 49.2 days after 7 moltings at $25^{\circ}C$. Female adults collected from the field had long ovipositor (26.2 mm) and were slightly longer in the body length, hind femur, tegmen and pronotum than those of males.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

The Silleuksa temple in Yeoju city is adjacent to the South Han River and often has high humidity and fog days. In addition, its proximity to forests renders it prone to damage by insects and microorganisms. In order to obtain the basic data necessary for the establishment of a cultural property preservation management plan, the biological distribution of the wooden buildings and the termite distribution in the surrounding forests were monitored for three years. The wood-boring bee, an insect known to inflict damage to heritage structures, was confirmed, and the distribution of insects varied annually and seasonally, presumably due to the location characteristics of the site and the climate change during the year. In the forest behind, termite colonies were identified as a whole and their distribution pattern was different every year. As per the results of the microorganism survey, the species distribution and pollution degree were different at the entrance of the building. Therefore, it needs continuous biological distribution and conservation environment monitoring to mitigate the effects of wood-damaging organisms.were different according to the entrance of the building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.205-205
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• 2012

Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) 장치는 국내 유일의 초전도 자석을 이용한 핵융합 연구 장치로서 초고온의 플라즈마를 생성하여 차세대 에너지원인 핵융합 에너지를 획득하는 것을 목표로 두고 있다. 플라즈마를 생성부터 유지하기 위해서는 수소 동위원소를 토카막 내부로 공급해 주어야 하는데 이러한 수소동위원소를 "연료"라 부르며, 이 연료를 토카막 내부로 공급해 주는 시스템을 연료주입 시스템(Fueling System)이라고 한다. KSTAR에서는 토카막 내부로 고속의 연료 주입이 필요하고 정밀한 양의 연료를 공급하는 밸브를 사용하여야 하며, 이러한 밸브를 제어 할 수 있는 제어기를 필요로 한다. 위의 사항에 적합한 피에조 밸브(Piezoelectric Valve)는 2 msec 이내의 개폐시간과 500 Torr ${\ell}$/s 이상의 유량을 흘려줄 수 있는 피에조 밸브로 압전소자에 가해지는 전압(0~250 V)에 따라 변위의 양에 비례하여 연료가 진공용기 내로 유입된다. 압전소자의 변위는 최대 140 ${\mu}m$로 최적화되어 있어야 하며, 정전용량(Capacitance)는 30~40 nF이어야 한다. 또한 소자에 힘(Force)를 가해 최대 7 N으로 136 ${\mu}m$의 변위를 가진 소자를 사용해야 한다. 피에조 밸브의 특성으로는 아날로그 신호로 작동이 되어야 하며, 유량신호를 피드백하여 밸브의 구동 전압을 정밀하게 제어 되어야 한다. 피드백 제어를 위해 압력센서는 XCS-190 Series를 사용하여 낮은 유량에서도 민감하게 반응하도록 제작하였으며, 고전압이 유기 되었을 때 제어기를 보호하기 위한 정션박스를 설치하였다. 밸브 제어기는 피에조 밸브의 개방 속도를 높이기 위해 밸브 구동 전압을 순간적으로 높이는 POP 전압을 생성하는 기능과 유량 신호를 피드백해서 밸브 구동 전압을 정밀 제어 하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 제어장치는 아날로그 및 디지털 제어회로의 전원용 +15 V DC와 밸브 구동용 +250 V DC 출력용의 전원 공급 장치(Power supply unit), 펄스 및 트리거 신호를 생성하는 Master Programmer unit), Pop 전압과 피드백의 중요한 기능을 수행하는 Valve controller unit로 제작 되었다. 피에조 밸브와 제어기는 상호 작용하여 동작을 원활히 할 수 있도록 특성 실험을 진행하여야 하며, 진공상태에서 Lack의 유무를 확인하여야 한다. 현재 개발 제작된 밸브의 진공누설시험 및 특성실험을 진행하고 있으며, KSTAR 5차 캠페인에 적용할 계획이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.368.2-368.2
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• 2014

$SnO_2$을 이용한 반도체는 기체 센서, 트랜지스터, 태양전지와 같은 여러 분야에 적용 가능하기 때문에 많은 각광을 받고 있다. $SnO_2$을 이용한 반도체 소자는 높은 화학적 안정성과 독특한 물리 화학적 특성을 지니고 있을 뿐만 아니라 부피에 대한 높은 표면적 비율을 가지고 있다. 우수한 $SnO_2$나노구조를 얻기 위해서 전자관 박막증착, 졸겔법, 물리적 증기증착, 열증착과 같은 다양한 방법들이 사용되었다. 다양한 합성 방법들 중에서 전기화학 증착법은 높은 성장율, 대면적 공정, 낮은 가격과 같은 장점을 가지고 있어 많은 연구가 진행되었지만, $SnO_2$ 구조의 성장조건에 따른 체계적인 연구는 진행되지 않았다. 본 연구는 indium-tin-oxide (ITO)로 코팅된 유리 기판 위에 전기화학 증착법을 사용하여 다양한 성장 조건에 따라 성장된 $SnO_2$나노구조들의 물리적 특성들을 관찰하였다. ITO 유리 기판 위에 성장된 $SnO_2$나노구조는 음극의 전구체와 전류의 상호작용에 의해 생성되는 산소 분자의 환원에 의해 형성된다. $SnO_2$나노구조의 모양은 전기화학 증착의 성장 환경에 따라 달라진다. $SnO_2$나노구조를 관찰하기 위해 시간에 따른 전압-전류, X-ray광전자분광법, 주사형전자현미경, X-ray회절분석법을 사용하여 측정하였다. ITO 유리 기판 위에 성장한 $SnO_2$ 소자에 서로 다른 인가 전압을 가해 주었을 때에 따른 전류밀도를 측정하였다. 일정한 인가전압에서 $SnO_2$나노구조의 X-ray광전자분광법 측정 을 통해 화학적 결합과 X-ray회절분석법 통한 $SnO_2$ 성장 방향을 관찰하였다. 주사형전자현미경 측정을 통하여 $SnO_2$의 표면을 관찰하였다