• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 2002

Counterfactual thinking refers to a mental simulation of "What might have been," a cognitive process of once-possible-but-unrealized alternatives to facts, Counterfactuals have been reported to produce intensive emotional experiences, specifically regret. The present research reviewed and tried to integrate the previous inconsistent findings in the view of functional value of counterfactuals. Social psychologists proposed that counterfactuals could be categorized into upward(thoughts of better alternatives) versus downward(thoughts of worse alternatives) and additive versus subtractive. Counterfactual processes are more likely to occur following negative or unexpected rather than positive expected outcome, consistent with the minimization-mobilization hypothesis. Downward counterfactuals serve affective functions(to make one feel better) through contrast effects. Upward counterfactuals serve preparative functions(to prepare and improve performance in the future similar tasks) through causal inferences. Also, upward counterfactuals have been demonstrated in several studies to be followed by success-related attitudes and intentions and actual performance improvement. Furthermore, in terms of regulatory focus, downward counterfactuals were related with the prevention focus(to maintain the current status and upward counterfactuals were related with the promotion focus(to improve the current status). Those findings from numerous studies support that counterfactuals are functional to serve human ongoing motives. In conclusion, applicability and limitation of functional value of counterfactual thinking were discussed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4 s.60
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• pp.7-17
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• 2005

On this paper, the actual conditions of home accidents by investigating rescue and emergency reports at fire stations in Gwangju Metropolitan city and annual report on the cause of death statistics in the National Statistical Office were analyzed, and actual conditions about home accidents in developed countries were studied. As a result, the following matters were confirmed: 1) Infants and older adults are the main victims of home accidents, especially the older adults. 2) The more older adults we have in our society, the more deaths caused by home accidents take place. 3) We must study the home accident of our society in the level of developed countries. And we must have the prevention policy about the home accidents.

• 건강소식
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• v.3 no.8 s.23
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• pp.46-49
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• 1975

사고란 반드시 밖에만 있는 것은 아니다. 가정 내에도 항상 많은 위험이 도사리고 있다. 앗차하는 순간에 일어나는 여러 가지 사고는 교통사고 못지않은 피해를 주부에게 준다. 애기를 키우고 있으면, 사고의 위험은 더욱 크다. 개나 고양이 같은 가축을 기를 때도 사고가 따른다. 주부는 항상 주의를 게을리 해서는 안 된다.

• 건강소식
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• v.31 no.5 s.342
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• pp.32-33
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• 2007

최근 한국소비자보호원에서 발표한 2006년도 소비자 위해 정보 통계분석 결과에 따르면, 위해 발생 장소별로 볼 때 가정에서의 안전사고가 가장 많은 발생 빈도를 보이고 있다. 최근 3년간 위해발생 접수 건수 중 가정 내발생 비율 역시 2004년 3,069건(35.2%), 2005년 4,392건(36.1%), 2006년 7,348건(49.5%)로 계속 증가 추세를 나타내고 있다. 가정 내 위해의 발생 원인은 식료품 및 기호품, 토지 건물 및 설비, 특히 현관, 계단, 복도, 욕실 등에서의 추락이나 미끄러짐, 충돌 등의 사고가 대부분인 것으로 조사되었다. 연령별로는 10세 미만의 어린이(64.3%)와60세 이상의 노인(58.4%)들에서 가정 내의 사고가 다른 장소에 비해 높은 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 가장 안전한 장소로 여겨지는 가정에서의 이와 같은 경향은 대부분 기본적인 안전 점검에 주의를 기울이지 않거나 안전을 소홀히 생각하기 때문에 발생된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1997

공간통계분석은 공간적으로 연계된 변수들간의 관계를 분석하는 통계분야이다. 일 반적으로 공간적으로 연계된 변수들간의 관계는 각 변수간의 공간적 분포정도에 따라서 영 향을 받는다. 전통적인 통계 분석의 방법은 동질의 자료발생과정에 의하여 확률적으로 축출 된 표본자료를 가정하고 있으나, 공간적인 자료는 이와 같은 동질의 자료발생과정의 가정을 부정한다. 교통류 및 교통사고 등과 같은 교통분야의 자료는 대부분 공간적인 상관관계에 의하여 축출된 이질적인 표본자료이며 따라서 공간상관관계를 동질적으로 가정한 전통적인 통계적 분석 방법은 오류를 범할 수 있다. 본 논문은 공간적인 관계를 고려한 공간자기상관 분석기법을 이용하여 고속도로상의 교통사고에 관하여 분석하였다. 분석의 결과에 의하면 4 개 고속도로 중 경인고속도로를 제외한 3개의 고속도로상의 교통사고건수는 통계적으로 현 저한 양의 공간적 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이에 따라 공간적 상관관계를 고려한 교통사고분석을 위하여 종속변수로 단위구간별 교통사고건수를 그리고 설명변수로서는 단위 구간별 교통량, I.C. 유무 및 화물차량비율을 이용하여 공간 자기회귀분석을 시도하였다. 분 석의 분석에서는 구간별 교통량과 화물차량의 비율이 호남/남해 고속도로의 경우에는 구간 별 교통량과 I.C. 유무가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.243-245
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• 2015

본 논문은 사고의 발생은 안전하지 못한 장소나 상황으로부터 발생하며, 그러한 장소는 안전수준이 높은 지역이나 사회적 계층 및 가정보다는 그렇지 못한 취약지역이나 취약계층 또는 취약가정에서 상대적으로 높은 사고 발생율과 위험에 직면한 상황이 많이 발생할 것이다. 따라서 지역의 특성에 맞는 집중적인 안전관리 대책을 수립하는 것이 국가적 차원의 안전사고 발생율을 낮추고, 효과적인 사고 예방대책을 수립할 수 있다. 이를 위하여 도시계획구역에 따라 청소년 1,200명을 표본조사 하였으며, 자료처리 방법은 window spss pc 12.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 주요 사고 유형은 '추락/넘어짐/미끄러져 다친 사고'가 49.2%로 가장 많으며, 사고 장소는 학교주변, 집주변, 여가놀이시설주변이었다. 이것은 본 연구에서 아동청소년들의 주요 활동공간으로 제시한 곳과 일치한다. 용도지역에 따른 아동 청소년의 안전도 차이를 보면 도시 내 상업지역이 사고경험이 가장 많으며, 사고유형은 도시 내 상업지역은 화재, 이물질 섭취, 폭발, 부패 변질, 물체 접촉 등이 많고, 도시내 주거지역과 공업지역, 농어촌지역은 충돌이나 충격사고, 추락/넘어짐/ 미끄러져 다친 사고나 날카로운 물체에 베이거나 찔린 사고가 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.19-36
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to measure the critical thinking level of activity tasks included in home economics textbooks published under the 2007 Revised National Curriculum. For this purpose, we sampled 3 kinds of Technology-Home Economics textbooks for 7th graders, selected activity tasks contained in the textbooks, and classified them by type. A total of 93 activity tasks were extracted, and they were analyzed using 9 questions on critical thinking prepared based on Kim Young-jung's '9 Elements and 9 Standards of Critical Thinking.' The results of this study were as follows. First, the total score of the critical thinking level of activity tasks in the home economics textbooks was 66.8, which was not high enough to induce learners' critical thinking. Among the sub-categories of critical thinking, the score was high in order of argumentative thinking(83.9), analytical thinking(78.1), and dialectic thinking(38.3). As in the results, the activity tasks were particularly inadequate for inducing dialectic thinking. Second. in the results of analyzing difference in the critical thinking level according to unit, significant difference was observed among the units. Activity tasks in Units 'Adolescents' Self-management'(77.8), 'Adolescents' Consumption life'(75.2), and 'Adolescents' Sex and Peer Relationship'(71.1) induced critical thinking more effectively than those in other units, but activity tasks in Units 'Clothing and Self-expression' (61. 4), 'Adolescents' Development'(60.0), and 'Adolescents' Nutrition and Meals'(59.6) were inadequate for inducing critical thinking. Third, in the results of analyzing difference in the critical thinking level according to activity task type, the level was high in order of 'Inquiry Activities' (75.7), 'Discussions' (74.6), 'Practical Activities'(65.4), and 'Trials' (50.7), and the differences were significant. That is, among activity task types, 'Inquiry Activities' were most effective in inducing learners' critical thinking and 'Trials' were least effective.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

Nearly a half of the accidents the old people had take place in home. Home safety will be more important than ever in rapidly increasing old aged in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to search the general characteristics of domestic accidents related to living environment of the old people experienced. The number of 248 respondents who had experienced of housing related accidents since recent 10 years were selected from 500 interviews with 65 years old and over during April 4th-26th, 2008. About a half of respondents had experienced home accidents. The entrance is the most common places the home accidents occurred, followed by bathrooms and stairs. flooring materials and raised floors are the most dangerous spots. Both places and dangerous objects are related each other. The place is also related to the type of dwelling. Slipping and tripping over most frequently happen in home accidents. It is related to the place like slipping in a bathroom or stairs, and tripping over in entrances. Mostly, legs and arms are injured by the home accidents. A safe home facilitates the old to live healthy and independent in their own places. A safe home for the old is a kind of new issues in Korea. Related policies and researches are about to sprout.

• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.355-377
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine the effects of upward counterfactual thinking in academic majors, academic major satisfaction, and job-seeking anxiety on university students' happiness along with the grade levels(the lower and upper grades). The participants were 581 university students in Seoul, Korea. Upward counterfactual thinking in academic majors (related to schoolwork and job-seeking) had negative effects on academic major satisfaction. Upward counterfactual thinking in academic majors related to job-seeking had positive effects on job-seeking anxiety. Academic major satisfaction decreased job-seeking anxiety, and promoted happiness. Job-seeking anxiety had negative effects on happiness. In the path model between variables, the differences according to the grade were found in the influence of upward counterfactual thinking in academic majors related to schoolwork on major satisfaction and in the influence of job-seeking anxiety on happiness. These results are expected to help select interventions that would foster happiness among university students.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2005