• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1976

The changes in lysine availability during soybean fermentation were determined by the chemical analysis method as well as the biological methods with rat. The FDNB-reactive lysine determined by the difference (TLMI) method indicated that cooking and Meju fermentation reduced the lysine availability of soybean, but the subsequent ripening restored the availability to the same level of the raw soybean. On the other hand, the Biological Value, NPU, NER and the Relative lysine availability of the rat experiments showed a general decrease in the lysine availability of soybean during the ripening process as well as Meju fermentation.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.290-298
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• 2003

Internet-based computer systems have to provide both high-availability and high-performance. Cluster technology has been used to obtain availability and performance simultaneously Generally, high-availability cluster systems tolerate a failure of a cluster node and cost-effectively solve it. In this paper, we study availability and downtime cost of (n,k) cluster systems. By considering performance, we model state transition of (n,k) cluster systems and apply software rejuvenation technique to improve availability of the system. We find that software rejuvenation can be used to improve availability of (n,k) cluster systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1991

Nutritional factors affecting the urinary excretion of acid-soluble peptides(ASP) in rats were studied using protein-free diet, gluten diet, casein diet, and gluten supplemented with lysine and threonine(GLT) diet. The content of urinary ASP was lowest in protein-free diet group among the four kinds of diets above. But the amino acid pattern of urinary ASP in the four dietary groups were similar each other, suggesting that urinary ASP is mainly from endogenous origin under these nutritional conditions. The efficiency of dietary protein utilization was significantly lower in gluten diet than that of casein diet or GLT diet. Those findings suggest that the rate of urinary excretion of ASP-form amino acids can be employed as an index of protein metabolism, particularly as a simple index in the assessing the status of protein nutrition.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

In order to investigate the degree of solubilization of sewage sludge using sono-activated persulfate(UV/PP), VSS reduction rate, solubilization rate and extracellular polymeric substances were measured. Ultrasonic(US) and alkali·ultrasonic method using sodium hydroxide(US/SH) were compared. Under the persulfate·ultrasonic conditions, the VSS reduction rate and the solubilization rate increased to 27.6% and 58.9%, respectively. TB-EPS as Carbohydrate and Protein were extracted by 770 mg/L and 2,162 mg/L. Compared to the other methods, US and US/SH, the VSS reduction rate and solubilization rate were higher. And also, according to the TB-EPS values, cell wall destruction was more efficient.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.412-412
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• 2022

지속가능한 물관리를 위해서는 강우, 수문학적 반응의 동적 순환과 생공업 및 농업 기반시설과 같은 관리 조치에 사용되는 물을 포함한 가용수(Available Water)의 시공간적 영향을 파악할 수 있어야 한다. 가용수의 구성요소를 파악하기 위해 블루워터와 그린워터의 개념이 제안되었다. 블루워터는 강수로 인해 형성된 지표수, 지하수 및 호수·저수지의 저류량을 포함하며, 그린워터는 강수로부터 불포화 토양층에 저장된 토양수분과 수역, 초목에서 대기 중으로 방출되는 증발산을 말한다. 블루워터와 그린워터를 산정하기 위해서는 동적 수자원과 인적 요소에 의존되는 수자원을 정확하게 구별해야 하며 물 가용성 평가를 용이하게 하는 통합 기반 개념의 수문학적 모델이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 5대강을 대상으로 각 유역의 가용수량의 변화를 파악하기 위해 각 유역별 블루워터와 그린워터를 평가하고자 하였다. 5대강 유역의 장기간 변화와 광범위한 분석을 위해 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형의 수문모델링 결과를 활용하였다. SWAT 모형의 신뢰성 있는 수문 검보정을 위해 전체 기간(2005~2020) 중 모형의 보정(2005~2009) 및 검증(2010~2017)기간을 설정하였으며, 각 유역의 다목적댐과 다기능 보의 실측방류량을 이용하여 댐 운영모의를 고려하였다. 검보정된 SWAT 결과를 활용하여 블루워터와 그린워터를 분류하였으며 가용수량을 평가하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.16-23
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• 2018

Alternative technologies for sludge treatment and disposal need to be developed urgently because the amount of produced production has increased continuously. In this study, Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) technique was applied for sludge solubilization and the performance was evaluated. The PEF equipped with electrodes coated by epoxy resin and teflon was inducted to the activated sludge suspension, and the effect of the coating materials on the solubilization was determined. In addition, the effect of the applied voltage on the solubilization yield was investigated as the applied voltage was increased from 6 to 12 and 15 kV. Sludge solubilization was not observed when the epoxy-coated electrode was used for PEF induction regardless of the applied voltage. However, sludge solubilization occurred when 12 and 15 kV were applied to the teflon-coated electrodes. The MLSS decreased to 9%, and the soluble-COD increased to 496% when the applied voltage was 15 kV. But sludge solubilization did not happen under 6 kV condition. The corona discharge was observed at applied voltages of 12 and 15 kV, (Ed- sorry but I cannot understand the following highlight) but if 6 kV, strongly indicating that the corona discharge make the sludge solubilized, which suggests that the critical voltage for sludge solubilization lies between 6 and 12 kV. Consequently, proper selection of electrode-coating materials and the applied voltage of PEF could lead to sludge solubilization by corona discharge.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1143-1152
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• 2019

In order to study the solubilization of aniline by cationic surfactants (DTAB, TTAB and CTAB), the solubilization constant (K_s) and thermodynamic functions were measured and calculated by using the UV-Vis method. The solubilization constants of aniline with the change of temperature were measured, and the effects of addition of ionic salts and organics on the solubilization constants were investigated. These effects of additives and temperature changes were compared and analyzed for each type of surfactant, and the solubilization of aniline was analyzed microscopically by comparing and evaluating the thermodynamic functions obtained from the solubilization constants. As a result, the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy changes were both negative and the entropy changes were positive within the measured range for the solubilization of aniline by cationic surfactants. The solubilization constant value decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing carbon chain length of the surfactant. As the concentration of ionic salts increased, the Gibbs free energy change increased at first and then decreased. In n-butanol solution, the Gibbs free energy change tended to increase continuously with increasing the concentration of n-butanol.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to explore the level of emotional availability of working mothers and their 24~48month-olds (67 dyads: 33 boys and 34 girls) in child care centers and to examine the relationship between the mother-child emotional availability and the related variables of working mothers and their children. Emotional Availability Scales (EA, 3rd edition) developed by Biringen, Z., Robinson, J., & and Emde, R.N. (1998) was used. Mother's work-family conflict, maternal parenting stress, and maternal depression, temperament of child, personal background were measured. The results of this study were as follows: The level of mother-child emotional availability was above in the middle level. There were significant differences in the mother-child emotional availability by maternal educational level and family income level, and significant negative correlation between maternal parenting stress and mother-child emotional availability. There was significant difference in the mother-child emotional availability by the starting point of child care experience. Mother-child emotional availability were significantly explained by family income level, maternal parenting stress, and the starting point of child care experience.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.46-54
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• 2015

In this study, an applicability of thermal pretreatment for primary and secondary sludge, which are generated in a sewage treatment plant, was evaluated. The efficiency and charateristics was investigated with each sludge after pretreatment under the condition of $100{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. As the result, it was found that $SCOD_{Cr}$, $NH_4{^+}$, VFAs concentrations increased as the pre-treatment temperature increased. For COD solubilization, it was also highly dependent on an increase of temperature resulting in acceleration on hydrolysis and acid fermentation. In the BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) experiment, for the primary sludge, it showed the higher biogas production rate at a temperature of $220^{\circ}C$, however, the effect was insignificant (5.6%). Whereas, for the secondary sludge, the increase on biogass production rate was 38.8% ($180^{\circ}C$) and this means that the secondary sludge is more suitable for an applicability of thermal pretreatment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2012

The interaction of 4-alkylbenzoic acid isomers with the micellar system of TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) was studied by the UV/Vis spectrophotometric method. The solubilization constants ($K_s$) of 4-alkylbenzoic acid isomers into the TTAB micellar system and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of TTAB have been measured with the change of temperature. Various thermodynamic parameters have been calculated and analyzed from those measurements. The results show that the values of ${\Delta}G^o{_s}$ for the solubilization of all the isomers are negative and the values of ${\Delta}H^o{_s}$ and ${\Delta}S^o{_s}$ are all positive within the measured temperature range. The effects of additives (n-butanol and NaCl) on the solubilization of 4-alkylbenzoic acid isomers have been also measured. There was a great change on the values of $K_s$ and CMC simultaneously with these additives. From these changes we can postulate that the solubilization sites of 4-alkylbenzoic acids are the core or deep palisade region of the TTAB micelle.