• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

This study was conducted to analyze the influence of simulated acid rain on leaves of Liliodendron tulipifera seedlings. The seedlings were treated with four levels of simulated acid rain with pH of 5.6, 4.9, 3.9 and 2.9, and then chlorophyll contents and the degree of foliar damage were investigated. Differences were statistically significant among treatments in chlorophyll contents in all of the tested soils. The total contents of chlorophyll tended to decrease as the simulated acid rain treatment was maintained. Chlorophyll contents, however, did not decrease according to the decrement of pH levels. Foliar damage increased as the simulated acid rain was maintained in all tested soils. Especially, the damage dramatically increased between May and July as the acidity increased. As the treatment of simulated acid rain continued, deformed new leaves appeared. In all treatments except the control, the leaves turned brown and the damage increased with time. Necrotic spots appeared during the first month of treatment at the pH level of 2.9 in all soil types. The damage by acid rain should be considered when we plant Liliodendron tulipifera.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 1996

We studied the degree of damage of trees which have been chronically damaged by environmental pollutants and the area of damaged stands in each region of the middle part of Korea with three tree species - Picea abies, Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora. So as to diagnose the degree of tree damage in an early stage, We investigated injury index and measured contact angle and finally got the following results; 1) Visible and physiological damage such as the increase of injury index and the decrease of contact angle was serious centering around metropolitan cities live Seoul and Inchon; 2) The trees of all of 14 sites surveyed were damaged by environmental pollutants although there was difference to some extent among sites. Especially, the degree of damage appeared to be increased gradually in the western parts along including Inchon, the seacoasts. In fact, more systematic studies for this issue should be continued in other regions and countermeasures should be devised.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.253-253
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• 2016

여러 정부부처 및 지자체에서 도시지역 홍수 피해 및 비점오염원 저감 방안의 해법으로 LID 시설의 설치를 권장하고 있다. 하지만 LID 기술의 국내 도입 기간이 짧아 우리나라 환경에 맞는 LID 시공을 할 수 있는 업체가 한정적이고 시공경험도 많지 않아 시공 비용에 대한 경제성 분석이 어렵다. 이러한 문제점으로 인해 LID 설치 비용의 과대 인식과 실효성에 대한 불안감이 만연하여 시설 설치에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이와 관련하여 GI&LID 연구단에서 LID 통합설계모듈 등의 모형 개발 연구가 활발히 진행중이나 이에 앞서 금번 연구에서는 SWMM 모형을 이용하여 분석을 수행하였고, 가시적인 비교가 용이하고 최근 가장 큰 피해를 가져왔던 2014년 홍수 사상을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 도시내 급경사면이 많고 불투수면적율이 높아 유속이 빠르고 완경사로 변화되는 구간에 홍수 및 토석류가 집중되어 홍수피해에 취약한 부산시 온천천 유역을 대상으로 LID 시설을 모의 설치 및 시뮬레이션 하고 재해연보 상의 홍수피해 복구액과 비교하였다. 이를 통해 LID 시설 설치시 비용-편익을 분석하고 이점을 제시하여 추후 있을 LID 시공 및 관련 연구에 도움이 되고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1986

Anatomy of Pinus koraiensis needles and Ginkgo biloba leaves was investigated after exposure to simulated acid rain, drought and salt solution. All of the stresses applied to the needle of Pinus koraiensis caused collapse of mesophyll tissues; epidermis was collapsed due to acid rain, severe compress and transformation of epidermis, mesophyll, and endodermis to drought, and collapse of phloem and transfusion tissue to salt solution. Spongy mesophyll tissues, however, collapsed in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba; epidermis and palisade tissues collapsed due to acid rain, compress and transformation of spongy mesophyll tissues to drought, and hypertrophy and collapse of endodermis and transfusion tissues to salt solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 1999

This study measured the seasonal changes in physiological characteristics and antioxidants of Alnus firma to compare several enzyme activities(Rubisco, Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Glutathione Reductase(GR)) between resistant and sensitive Alnus firma trees. Resistant and sensitive Alnus firma individuals near Yochon industrial complex were selected to conduct this study in 1997. Photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance, transpiration, Rubisco, SOD and GR activities of resistant trees which had no visible damages to air pollution were higher than those of sensitive trees in same area. All physiological results supported that biochemical process to be one of the important key features to understand resistance to air pollution. Increases of photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity in resistant trees in response to air pollution were the results of biological compensation to stress.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.17-23
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• 2011

Growth characteristics and adaptability of 10 poplar clones planted at a reclaimed tidal flat were evaluated. The contents of $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were 10.0, 3.4 and 1.5 times higher, respectively than those of control although the electrical conductivity(EC) in the soil at the test plantation was low as much as 0.51 dS/m. The contents of organic matter(OM) and total nitrogen(TN) in the soil were 22.9 and 23.0 times lower than those of control. Average survival rate of 10 poplar clones showed 88% at three years after planting. Clones Eco28(Populus euramericana), Dorskamp(Populus deltoides ${\times}$ P. nigra) and I-476(Populus euramericana) showed the best survival rate of 100%. However, clones 97-19(Populus deltoides(Lux) ${\times}$ P. deltoides(Harvard)) and Suwon (Populus koreana ${\times}$ P. nigra var. italica) were relatively lower than other clones. Average height and DBH of all clones were 4.8 m and 3.6 cm, respectively. Clone Dorskamp showed the greatest height and DBH, 5.9 m and 5.0 cm, respectively. Clones 97-19 and Dorskamp showed the least defoliation by stress and visible damage by insects and diseases, whereas clones Suwon and I-476 were the most sensitive at the reclaimed tidal flat. Clone Dorskamp showed the best adaptability at the reclaimed tidal flat, but clone Suwon showed the worst based on survival rate, growth, and visible damages.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.455-463
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• 1996

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of sulfur dioxide on leaf injury and yield of ten soybean cultivars. Plants were fumigated with 2.0 ppm of $SO_2$ for 4 or 8 h in a closed-top field chamber. In the comparison of foliar injury, Paldalkong and Eunhakong were more susceptible to $SO_2$ than Bogwangkong, Jangsukong, and Jangkeungkong. Correlations between chlorophyll contents, peroxidase activity, and stomatal resistance of leaves and foliar susceptibility were insignificant. However, significant correlations $(r=-0.611^{\ast})$ were found between superoxide dismutase activity and foliar injury rates. Dry weight, number of pods and total grains were significantly reduced by $SO_2$ fumigation but plant height, number of nods and weight of 100 grains were not affected. Yield reduction rates were higher in Eunhakong and Paldalkong than in Bogwangkong and Jangkeungkong. A liniar relationship was found between foliar injury rate and the percent crop loss with a significant coefficient of b=-1.17 in the susceptible cultivar of Paldalkong, but Bogwangkong, insusceptible cultivar, showed lower value of -0.165.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.191-196
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• 2005

This studies were conducted to compare ozone sensitivity among half-sib families of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.). 90 families were exposed in walk-in type chambers to charcoal-filtered air and 100 ppb ozone for 8 hours daily, 5 consecutive months. We surveyed the foliar injury, Relative DRC (diameter at root collar) growth and relative dry weight after fumigation. After 5 months of exposure, foliar injury ranged from 1.9% at tolerant group to 15.2% at sensitive group. Relative DRC growth rates showed increased 12% at tolerant group, but reduced 23% at sensitive group. Total dry weight increased 17% at tolerant group, otherwise reduced by 33% at sensitive group, relative to the control. The root biomass showed more sensitive than the other part biomass. On the basis of the results of these screening studies, families Kangwon 04, 16, 26, 27 and 73 were determined to be tolerant; Kangwon 40, 52, 83, Gyeonggi 01 and Gyeongbuk 20 to be sensitive to ozone. Considerable genetic variation in ozone responses occurred, as shown by differences in sensitivities among families and among groups. These results indicate that tolerant groups of P. densiflora exhibited a high degree of resistance to ozone pollution injury.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.1-27
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• 2003

인류 역사를 획기적인 기술혁명을 기준으로 대별할 때, 정보화 혁명을 농업혁명과 산업혁명에 이은 제3의 혁명으로 간주한다. 흥미로운 것은 급속한 기술발전은 긍정적 효과와 더불어 이에 상응하는 부정적 효과를 동반해 왔다는 것이다. 현 시점에서 가시적으로 가장 심각하게 부각되고 있는 정보기술혁명의 부작용은 컴퓨터 바이러스와 해킹에 의한 피해로 나타나고 있다. 2000년의 바이러스 발생건수는 572건이고, 특히 Nimda 바이러스가 출현했던 2001년 9월에는 그 피해사례 접수만도 12,054건에 이르렀다. 또, 2001, 2002년 해킹사고 누적건수는 각각 10,526건과 14,065건으로, 2000년의 해킹사고 총괄 누계인 449건과 비교할 때 23,443%와 31,325%의 급격한 증가세를 보이고 있다(경찰청 사이버테러 대응센터 2003, 황성원 2002, 정보통신부 2001). 이외에도, 정부기관이나 민간기업의 전산시스템에 불법으로 침입하여 정보를 도용하거나, 전산시스템을 마비시키는 등 다양한 형태의 부작용들로 증가 추세에 있다(CERTCC-KR, 2002).(중략)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium chloride($CaCl_2$) on the growth and physiological responses of Pinus strobus and the variables that are sensitive to $CaCl_2$. Thus, changes in the visible damage, growth of root collar diameter, plant water content, chlorophyll content and composition, maximum PS II photochemical efficiency, and electron transport rate of P. strobus was analyzed in relation to treatment witih $CaCl_2$. A $CaCl_2$ solution(0.5, 1.0 and 3.0%) was applied in the root zone before leaf unfolding. Leaf browning, defoliation, and drying were observed with $CaCl_2$ application and this pattern was aggravated as the $CaCl_2$ concentration increased and the treatment period became longer. The decrease of growth in root collar diameter and height and leaf water content were observed at $CaCl_2$ 1.0% and 3.0%. The total chlorophyll content indicated that photopigment, PS II photochemical efficiency and electron transport rate significantly decreased at $CaCl_2$ 3.0%. In conclusion, $CaCl_2$ affected leaf water content and led to a decrease of capability in light harvesting and photochemical responses. Also, as a result of the correlation between calcium chloride concentration and growth and physiological response parameters, it was found that the leaf moisture content and the ratio of chlorophyll a and b reflect the damage level of calcium chloride sensitively because their coefficient of determinations were relatively high.