• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2002

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) are of great interest of next generation energy conversion system due to their high energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The basic SOFC unit consists of anode, cathode and solid electrolyte. Among these components, anode plays the most important role for the oxidation of fuel to generate electricity and also behaves as a substrate of the whole cell. It is normally requested that the anode materials should have the high electrical conductivity and gas permeability to reduce the polarization loss of the cell. In this study, the effect of pore former on the microstructure of anode substrate was investigated and thus on the electrical conductivity and the gas permeability. According to the results, microstructure and electrical conductivity of anode substrate were greatly influenced by the shape of pore former and especially by the anisotrpy of the pore former. The use of anisotropic pore former is supposed to deteriorate the cell performance by which the electrical conduction path is disconnected but also the effective gas diffusion path for the fuel is reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.137-142
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• 2018

This paper is studied, as basic research for measuring the accurate fuel amount of the CNG tank by using the transmit-receive ultrasonic sensor, the receiving sensitivity according to changed the pressure inside the tank and the contact surface of the ultrasonic sensor is analyzed. Measurement was carried out while changing the contact surface of the tank and the sensor to three shapes of Point, Line, and Surface and charging the pressure in the tank at an interval of 1 bar from 0 bar to 5 bar. Experiment results, as the pressure in the tank increased the tendency of the received signal value of the ultrasonic sensor to decrease was confirmed. As the contact area between the tank and the sensor increased, the value of the received signal increased, but the noise also increased. The results of experiment, it is judged that accuracy can be improved by changing the contact surface of the sensor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1999

The preparation and the functional properties of methylcellulose (MC) and hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) edible films with and without calcium were investigated. All the prepared films exhibited transparent and whitish color with $2.38{\sim}3.55$ haze intensity. Tensile strength of MC films were stronger than HPMC films with and without calcium, and moreover addition of calcium increased tensile, but elongation of HPMC film was specially lower than the other films. Solubility of films did not differ with calcium addition but decreased with increasing viscosity in HPMC films. water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of HPMC and MC film were not affected by calcium, but viscosity of film's raw material was important to determine WVTR in HPMC. Oxygen permeabilities of MC films were lower than those of HPMC films, and became lower with calcium addition. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation on the surface characteristics, MC film with calcium had relatively uniform and smooth surface than HPMC films.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2003

In this study, we carry out reliability tests and investigate the failure mechanisms of the anodically bonded wafer level vacuum packaging (WLVP) MEMS gyroscope sensor. There are three failure mechanisms of WLVP: leakage, permeation and out-gassing. The leakage is caused by small dimension of the leak channel through the bonding interface and internal defects. The larger bonding width and the use of single crystalline silicon can reduce the leak rate. Silicon and glass wafer itself generates a large amount of outgassing including $H_2O$, $C_3H_5$, $CO_2$, and organic gases. Epi-poly wafer generates 10 times larger amount of outgassing than SOI wafer. The sandblasting process in the glass increases outgassing substantially. Outgassing can be minimized by pre-baking of the wafer in the vacuum oven before bonding process. An optimum pre-baking temperature of the wafers would be between $400^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2003

Performance demonstration with real flawed specimens has been strongly required for nondestructive evaluation of safety class components in nuclear power plant. Mechanical or thermal fatigue crack and intergranular stress corrosion cracking could be occured in the in-service nuclear power plant and mechanical fatigue crack was selected to study in this paper. Specimen was designed to produce mechanical fatigue flaw under tensile stress. The number of cycles and the level of stress were controlled to obtain the desired flaw roughness. After the accurate physical measurement of the flaw size and location, fracture surface was seal-welded in place to ensure the designed location and site. The remaining weld groove was then filled by using gas-tungsten are welding(GTAW) and flux-cored arc welding(FCAW). Results of radio graphic and ultrasonic testing showed that fatigue cracks were consistent with the designed size and location in the final specimens.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.632-639
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• 2014

2,7-Dihydroxynaphthalene bis(trimellitate anhydride) (2,7-TA) was synthesized from trimellitic anhydride chloride and 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene. Copolyimides (Co-PI) containing ester group were synthesized from 2,7-TA, pxylylenediamine, and 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFB). The Co-PI films were obtained from poly(amic acid) by solution casting through thermal imidization on a glass plate. The thermal property, gas permeation, and optical transparency of the Co-PI films with various TFB monomer contents were investigated. These Co-PIs could be solution-cast into a flexible and tough film. The cast Co-PI films exhibited high optical transparency with a cut-off wavelength of 370~395 nm in UV-vis. absorption and a low yellow index value of 3.55~7.63. The thermal property of Co-PI films increased linearly with increasing TFB content. However, the oxygen permeation and optical transparency of the Co-PI films was found to worsen with increasing TFB content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-42
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop the appropriate packaging method for minimally processed sliced onions. The films of different gas permeabilities (LDPE $30{\mu}m$, PD900 and PD941) were used for packaging 1300g of onion slices cut into octuplicate pieces. Perforated LDPE package was prepared as control for comparison. The package atmosphere and onion quality were measured through storage at $1^{\circ}C$ for 38 days. PD900 package of the lowest gas permeability was the best in keeping the fresh-cut onions by maintaining MA conditions of 1-3% $O_2$ and 4-11% $CO_2$ concentrations. The benefits were reduced discoloration, decay and soakness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.208-208
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 투명전도성산화막으로 적용 가능한 Ga이 도핑된 ZnO(GZO)의 성장 및 후처리 과정에 따른 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성을 관찰하였다. GZO 박막은 상온과 $200^{\circ}C$, 50~250 mTorr (50 mTorr 단계)에서 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터법으로 증착하였다. 이와 같은 조건에서 성장 된 박막의 특성을 분석하여 최적의 온도 및 작업압력에서 RF power를 변화시켜 박막을 성장한 후 질소 및 수소를 이용한 후처리 공정을 통하여 GZO 박막을 제작, 각 조건에 따른 구조적, 전기적 및 광학적 특성 변화를 조사하였다. XRD 측정에서, 열처리 전 시료에서는 GZO (002) 상의 Bragg-Angle 위치가 호스트 물질 ZnO의 기준위치보다 낮은 각도 쪽에서 나타났으며, 이는 Ga이 Zn와 치환되지 못하고 격자 내에 침입형태로 존재함에 따른 것으로 판단된다. 열처리 이후 전반적으로 분위기 가스의 종류에 관계없이 결정성, 광투과율 및 전기적 특성이 향상되는 것이 관측되었다. 질소 분위기에서 열처리된 GZO 박막의 경우, 전반적으로 박막 증착 시 초기 작업압력의 증가에 따라 비저항이 증가하는 현상이 관측되었다. 반면, 수소 분위기에서 열처리된 박막에서는 박막 증착 초기 작업 압력이 증가함에 따라 비저항이 감소하는 경향이 관측되었다. 이러한 결과는 XPS(X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)로 분석한 결과, 질소 분위기에서 열처리된 GZO 박막은 O-H 결합이 Zn-O 결합에 비해 과도하지 않은 반면, 수소화 처리된 GZO 박막에서 Zn-O 결합에 비해 과도한 O-H 결합이 존재하기 때문으로 관측되었다. 그러한 이유는 O-H 결합이 GZO 박막 내 산소 결공($V_o$)과 밀접한 관계가 있기 때문이며, O-H 결합의 증가는 $V_o$-H 결합체의 증가를 의미하기 때문이다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.811-816
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• 1998

A fermented vegetable kimchi swells in package bags often during distribution to comsumer after storage. The swelling has been prohibited by packaging the kimchi in a modified LDPE film that has been made by filling a ceramic powders disinfecting to lactic acid bacteria and growth enhancing to vegetables. The film exhibited higher permeability to carbon dioxide and ethylene than LDPE film. The tastes of kimchi in the film sustained its optical quality longer than that in LDPE film at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.187-193
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• 2018

In this study, the electrical conductivity, transmittance and gas barrier properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films were studied. DLC is an insulator, and has transmittance and oxygen gas barrier properties varying depending on the thickness of the thin film. Recently, many researchers have been trying to apply DLC properties to specific industrial conditions. The DLC thin films were deposited by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) process. The doping gas was used for the DLC film to have electrical conductivity, and the optimum conditions of transmittance and gas barrier properties were established by adjusting the gas ratio and DLC thickness. In order to improve the electrical conductivity of the DLC thin film, $N_2$ doping gas was used for $CH_4$ or $C_2H_2$ gas. Then, a heat treatment process was performed for 30 minutes in a box furnace set at $200^{\circ}C$. The lowest sheet resistance value of the DLC film was found to be $18.11k{\Omega}/cm^2$. On the other hand, the maximum transmittance of the DLC film deposited on the PET substrate was 98.8%, and the minimum oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the DLC film of $C_2H_2$ gas was 0.83.