• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.12-18
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• 2011

Most smartphone use virtual keypads based on touch-pad. The virtual keypads often make typographical errors because of the physical limitations of device such as small screen and limited input methods. To resolve this problem, many similar word-finding methods have been studied. In the paper, we propose an edit distance method (a well-known string similarity measure) that is modified to consider various types of virtual keypads. The proposed method effectively covers typographical errors in various keypads by converting an input string into a physical key sequence and by reflecting characteristics of virtual keypads to edit scores. In the experiments with various keypads, the proposed method showed better performances than a typical edit distance method.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Mobile devices provide various services through payment and authentication by inputting important information such as passwords on the screen with the virtual keypads. In order to infer the password inputted by the user, the attacker captures the user's touch location information. The attacker is able to infer the password by using the location information or to obtain password information by peeping with Google Glass or Shoulder Surfing Attack. As existing secure keypads place the same letters in a set order except for few keys, considering handy input, they are vulnerable to attacks from Google Glass and Shoulder Surfing Attack. Secure keypads are able to improve security by rearranging various shapes and locations. In this paper, we propose secure keypads that generates 13 different shapes and sizes of Tetris and arranges keypads to be attached one another. Since the keypad arranges different shapes and sizes like the game, Tetris, for the virtual keypad to be different, it is difficult to infer the inputted password because of changes in size even though the attacker knows the touch location information.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.144-151
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• 2020

User-authentication process is necessary in Fintech Service. Especially, authentication on smartphones are carried out through PIN which is inputted through virtual keypads on touch screen. Attacker can analogize password by watching touched letter and position over the shoulder or using high definition cameras. To prevent password spill, various research of virtual keypad techniques are ongoing. It is hard to design secure keypad which assures safety by fluctuative keypad and enhance convenience at once. Also, to reconfirm user whether password is wrongly pressed, the inputted information is shown on screen. This makes the password easily exposed through high definition cameras or Google Class during recording. This research analyzed QWERTY based secure keypad's merits and demerits. And through these features, creating Tetris shaped keypad and piece them together on Android environment, and showing inputted words as Tetris shape to users through smart-screen is suggested for the ways to prevent password spill by recording.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.38-45
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• 2022

Due to the development of fintech technology, financial transactions using smart phones are being activated. The password for user authentication during financial transactions is entered through the virtual keypad displayed on the screen of the smart phone. When the password is entered, the attacker can find out the password by capturing it with a high-resolution camera or spying over the shoulder. A virtual keypad with security applied to prevent such an attack is difficult to input on a small touch-screen, and there is still a vulnerability in peeping attacks. In this paper, the entire keypad is divided into several groups and displayed on a small screen, touching the group to which the character to be input belongs, and then touching the corresponding character within the group. The proposed method selects the group to which the character to be input belongs, and displays the keypad in the group on a small screen with no more than 10 keypads, so that the size of the keypad can be enlarged more than twice compared to the existing method, and the location is randomly placed, hence location of the touch attacks can be blocked.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

새로운 금융 서비스의 등장은 사용자의 부주의에 따라 악의적인 공격자에게 소중한 개인정보가 노출 될 수 있는 위험성을 가지고 있다. 현재의 금융어플리케이션의 보안은 눈에 보이지 않는 여러 암호 기술을 통해 통신상의 안전한 보안 매커니즘을 구축하였으나 사회공학적인 공격기법에 취약한 면을 가지고 있다. 특히 현재 금융어플리케이션의 키패드는 오타방지를 위해서 입력하는 끝 글자를 보여주고 있으나 이 점은 공공장소에서 사용 시 외부자의 훔쳐보기로 인해 노출 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 기존의 가상 키패드 입력 방법에서 마지막 글자를 보여주는 대신 각 키가 색을 가지고 끝 글자는 키의 색 정보로 대치하였다. 이로써 공격자가 입력란만을 보면 끝 글자를 통해 전체적인 비밀번호를 유출할 수 있는 수단이 사라져 기존의 훔쳐보는 공격으로부터 안전하다. 해당 기법을 실제 안드로이드로 구현 했을 시 기존의 기법에 비해 68% 향상된 보안성을 제공하면서도 기존의 기법과 유사한 정확도와 신속성을 지닌다. 이는 기존의 스마트폰 상에서의 보안 키패드를 안전하게 대체할 수 있는 기술로서 그 효용성이 높다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2013

Due to the widespread propagation of mobile platforms such as smartphones and tablets, financial and e-commercial transactions based on these mobile platforms are growing rapidly. Unlike PCs, almost all mobile platforms do not provide physical keyboards or mice but provide virtual keypads using touchscreens. For this reason, an attacker attempts to obtain the coordinates of touches on the virtual keypad in order to get actual key values. To tackle this vulnerability, financial applications for mobile platforms use secure keypads, which change position of each key displayed on the virtual keypad. However, these secure keypads cannot protect users' private information more securely than the virtual keypads because each key has only 2 or 3 positions and moreover its probability distribution is not uniform. In this paper, we analyze secure keypads used by the most financial mobile applications, point out the limitation of the previous research, and then propose a more general and accurate attack method on the secure keypads.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1837-1838
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• 2015

일반적인 터치스크린을 이용한 입력방법인 스크린을 보고 대응하는 영역을 터치하여 숫자, 한글, 영문, 기호 등을 입력하는 방식은 시각장애인이 사용하기에는 특수한 가이드가 제공되지 않는 한 사용이 거의 불가능하다고 할 수 있다. 특히 음성과 촉감을 이용하여 해당 버튼을 찾아 이용하던 기존의 입력 방식이 아닌 평평한 터치스크린 입력 방식은 눈으로 보지 않고는 정확한 입력영역을 구분 할 수 없다. 본 논문 에서는 기존의 시각장애인을 위한 제품과 기술들의 단점을 보완할 수 있고 시각장애인들도 쉽고 정확하게 스마트 기기를 사용할 수 있는 가상 터치 키패드 입력 방식을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 단순한 기준점과 방향점을 이용한 터치 및 드래그 방식의 가상 키패드 정의 방식으로 터치 스크린 방식의 다양한 스마트 기기에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.2899-2910
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• 2014

In this paper, we present method that verifies the validity of inputted message rather than showing last character on virtual keyboard. This encrypts password and valid input only can receive right feedback. This is implemented on Android phone and tested. This shows higher security than former method by 68.23% and accuracy shows 100%. This secure keypad is practical and secure so this can replace current input keypad without difficulty.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

This study aimed to output augmented reality display using chroma-key so that power tiller simulator can be operated smoothly while wearing the head mounted display. In this paper, we propose a chroma-eliminating image filtering method. Experimental results show that the maximum and minimum values of hue, saturation and intensity were 0.52, 0.153, 0.57, 0.16, 1, and 0.12, respectively. A keypad was used to set the initial position of augmented reality adjusted with the front, back, top, bottom, left, and right buttons. The initial position value is always maintained and managed according to the trailer attachment and detachment. Finally, we show that the augmented reality merged with virtual image and the acquired image of operation device using coordinate values obtained from the HMD and the position tracking sensor as relative coordinates in Unity program that is the ultimate game development platform.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.221-224
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 레이저 포인터를 이용하여 지능형 오피스 환경을 자유롭게 제어 할 수 있는 지능형 정보처리 시스템을 제안한다. 저가의 웹캠을 이용하여 카메라로부터 입력된 레이저 포인터 스팟의 위치를 자동 검출한 후 검출된 위치좌표정보를 컴퓨터상의 제어 명령 이벤트와 매칭 시킨다. 매칭이 이루어 진 후 사용자는 레이저 포인터를 이동시키면서 보조자의 도움 없이 자유롭게 디스플레이 화면을 제어할 수 있다. 사용자는 화면상의 임의의 영역을 특정 명령영역으로 지정할 수 있는 가상 키패드 인터페이스를 통해 특정 프로그램이나 가전 기기를 제어할 수 있다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 시스템이 기존의 원격 제어 방법에 비해 가격이나 성능 면에서 뛰어난 결과를 보임을 확인할 수 있다.