• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 1992

This study investigated species, damage to fruits and population density of Pseudococcidae on pear in Naju, Chonnam province from 1990 to 1991. Three species, Planococcus kraunhiae, Pseudococcus comstocki and Crisicoccus matsumotoi, were identified. Of them P. kraunhiae was most abundant as 80.6%. Rate of fruit damages was greatest in var. Poongsoo as 39.7% but locations of field did not affect the rates. Degree of damages on Singo(late var.), Poongsoo (midseason var.) and Haengsoo(early var.) was 21.2, 18.2 and 13.3%, respectively. Population density of scales within paper bag of fruits began to increase from mid-June and showed the first at mid-July, the second at mid-August and third peak at early October. Rate of fruit damages was 48% at the first peak and 50.6% at 7 days after the second peak. Density increased from early October again but migration was not active presumably because of cold weather.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.71-73
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• 2011

The legless mealybug, Antonina nakaharai Williams and Miller (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is recorded from bamboos (Poaceae) in Korea. An identification key to adult females of three species of Antonina from the Korean Peninsula is also provided.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

We surveyed 281 sites of tropical plants and 666 sites of fruit plants for three years (2015~2017) on Pseudococcus longispinus and Pseudococcus orchidicola which have not been surveyed domestically. In tropical plants, P. longispinus were found at 34 sites, while P. orchidicola were found at 87 sites. However, both species were not found in fruit plants. The developmental characteristics of P. longispinus and P. orchidicola were investigated under various temperatures. The female nymph of P. longispinus did not develop at $14^{\circ}C$ and the developmental period was the longest at $16^{\circ}C$ for 361.4 days and the shortest at $32^{\circ}C$ for 39.0 days. The longevity of female adult of P. longispinus was the shortest at $28^{\circ}C$ as 71.7 days. The number of offspring was highest at 177.7 at $32^{\circ}C$. The female nymph of P. orchidicola did not develop at $12^{\circ}C$. However, the developmental period was the longest at $14^{\circ}C$ for 184.9 days and the shortest at $28^{\circ}C$ for 21.5 days. The longevity of female adult of P. orchidicola was the shortest at 51.5 days at $28^{\circ}C$. The number of offspring was highest at 143.8 at $28^{\circ}C$. The net reproductive rate ($R_0$) and intrinsic rate of increase ($r_m$) of P. longispinus were 162.3 and 0.127 at $32^{\circ}C$, respectively. The $R_0$ and $r_m$ of P. orchidicola were 98.3 and 0.139 at $28^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results suggest that the optimum temperature of P. longispinus and P. orchidicola was $32^{\circ}C$ and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively. Therefore, we guess that they can never be able to survive the winter of Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2016

Previously, only 25 species of Pseudococcidae (mealybugs) were known to occur in Cambodia, and only 18 species in Laos. In 2015, we collected 14 mealybug species in these two countries, including six species not previously known to occur in these areas: Coccidohystrix insolita (Green, 1908) in Cambodia; Antonina graminis (Maskell, 1897) in both countries; and Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead, 1894), Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992, Phenacoccus solani (Ferris, 1918), and Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green, 1908) in Laos.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2015

The family Pseudococcidae or mealybugs (Hemiptera) are common pests on ornamental plants and fruit trees in tropical regions of the world. Previously, the mealybug fauna of Cambodia and Laos comprised 22 species and 12 species, respectively. Recently, we collected 13 mealybug species in Cambodia and Laos. Among these, eight species were found in these countries for the first time: Phenacoccus solani (Ferris, 1918) and Rastrococcus iceryoides (Green, 1908) in Cambodia; Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (Beardsley, 1959) in both countries; Paracoccus invectus (Williams, 2004), Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley, 1898), Planococcus litchi (Cox, 1989), Planococcus minor (Maskell, 1897) and Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (Gimpel & Miller, 1996) in Laos.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2016

In Korea, six mealybug species have been reported on pears. This study investigated the occurrence of mealybugs in 19 pear orchards from 2013 to 2014. Two species, Crisicoccus matsumotoi Siraiwa (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana were mainly found. The dominant species was C. matsumotoi identified on 73% of infested fruit. Toxicities of 14 registered insecticides (Buprofezin+Acetamiprid EC, Buprofezin+Amitraz EC, Buprofezin+Clothianidin SC, Buprofezin+Dinotefuran WP, Buprofezin+Etofenprox WG, Buprofezin+Thiacloprid SC, Buprofezin+Thiamethoxam SC, Benfuracarb WG, Acetamiprid WP, Clothianidin SC, Dinotefuran WG, Thiacloprid SC, Thiamethoxam WG, Sulfoxaflor SC) commonly used to control P. comstocki were evaluated to C. matsumotoi nymphs and adults at the recommended concentration. As a results, all insecticides exhibited strong insecticidal activity with 100% mortality of both nymphs and adults. These results indicate that the 14 insecticides can be used in control for C. matsumotoi in field.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.773-788
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the damage patterns, the occurrence and migration time of Pseudococcus comstocki and in order to improve the control effect of organic agricultural materials (OAMs). The experiment was carried out at Okcheon's organic vineyard ($2,500m^2$, sandy loam, manure) where planted 8~9 year old 'Muscat of Alexandria' vines. The comstock mealybug's migration to grape clusters occurred from the middle of July, and produced eggs in the grape clusters from the end of July, and the density of the comstock mealybug was highest at $0.6cm^2$ in late August. The number and fruit damage of comstock mealybug in eco-friendly vineyards were higher than in conventional culture vineyard. And the marketability of green variety grape was more damaged from comstock mealybug than the black variety grape. Toxicities of 8 OAMs were evaluated to comstock mealybug at the recommended concentration. As a results, Lightyellow sophora and Derris extracts exhibited strong insecticidal activity with 100% mortality. When the Lightyellow sophora extract was uniformly distributed on the vine from early-July to mid-July, fruit damage reduction rate was 96.2% and 84.6%, respectively. So commercial grapes could be harvested. Therefore, it was considered to be effective to reduce fruit damage by controlling in early - late July (the green stage) when the comstock mealybug migrated to grape clusters in the vine greenhouse. In the future, it will be necessary to study the effect of external exposure time and momentum on the control of OAMs.

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.19 no.3 s.144
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• pp.70-73
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• 1998

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.163-166
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• 2010

Thirteen species of mealybugs were intercepted in quarantine at Korean ports of entry on plant materials from China over the past 9 years (2000-2009). Of these, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green has been newly reported in China through this study. This list and key are provided to assist in identifying intercepted specimens of mealybugs from China.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

The comstock mealybug is one of the serious insect pest in pear. It is necessary effective control methods such as attractive sex pheromone. Using sex pheromones is necessary for studying the physiology and ecology of insect pests. In the present study, the sex pheromone of comstock mealybug was used for investigating the flying acts of the adult male. As temperature increased, the development period of eggs shortened, but it was longer at $30^{\circ}C$. The mean number of eggs laid was 482 at $25^{\circ}C$ and males constituted 37% of the experimental population at $30^{\circ}C$. The flight of the male comstock mealybug was mostly restricted to a 2-4 hour period after sunrise, even if condition of light period is changed. Male mealybugs were incapable of upwind flight towards an attractant when air velocity was 1.5 mph. Preference of height was tested in a pear orchard. The ineffective heights of the traps were 2 and 2.5 m, whereas the effective heights were 1 and 1.5 m. Many captured males at 0.5, 1, and 5 m, and the number of captured males were similar in 10, 15, and 20 m. Male mealybugs were captured up to a distance of 50 m, suggesting that it is possible to control the male mealybugs that are more than 50 m away when sex pheromone traps are used.