• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2023

Animal welfare was introduced relatively late to Korea in comparison with Western countries. Nonetheless, the Korean government has continuously improved animal welfare-friendly regulations as policy instruments. Given the current situation, it is predicted that spontaneous settlement of the animal welfare policies will be difficult and may cause conflict in the farm animal industry. To identify and categorize conflicts caused by animal-welfare-related policies in the last five years, we investigated the awareness of animal welfare among Korean hen farms and the level of compliance with the animal welfare regulations. We collected a sample of 53 egg-laying chicken farm operators (e.g., owners or head managers) was collected through the on-site survey (90% confidence level (Z-score: 1.65) and 10.18% tolerance, based on a number of 797 egg-laying farms in 2020). Ethical conflicts on the farms were categorized into three different types according to the hen farm's ethical awareness level: passive, moderate, and active. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between compliance with regulations and ethical consideration. This study confirmed that compliance with animal welfare-related regulations significantly correlated to the level of ethical consideration of farm operators. Interestingly, we also observed that farm operators did not comply with the regulation despite their high level of awareness of animal welfare. This conflict implies contradiction and unresolved ethical dilemmas. Therefore, this study argues that the policies cause conflict in the field despite the certain level of effectiveness on animal welfare regulations.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2017

This study was carried out to collect basic data on the egg laying performance and disease occurrence on animal welfare-approved farms (AWAF) for laying hens with different housing types (windowless, open, and free-range house) and strains (Hy-line, Lohmann). Age at first egg laying was 151 d in the windowless house and 141 d in both the open and free-range houses, and the percentage peaks of each farm were 91.8%, 92.9%, and 86.3%. Average egg production according to housing types were 70.9%, 77.4%, and 65.6% at 18~38 wk old and 91.1%, 90.1%, and 76.2% at 32~36 wk. The average dirty and cracked egg ratio of the windowless, open, and free-range houses was 2.84%, 1.15%, and 0.23%, respectively. Mortality in the open house was lower than the other house types. Age of first egg laying for the Hy-line strain was 155 d and that for the Lohmann strain was 157 d, and the percentage peaks of the two strains were 92.9% (252 d) and 87.2% (237 d), respectively. Average egg production of the strains was 83.7% and 76.9%, respectively. The average dirty and cracked egg ratio of the Hy-Line and Lohmann strains was 3.85% and 2.97%, respectively. Mortality of the Hy-Line strain was lower than that of the Lohmann strain. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the egg weight, HU, and egg yolk color of chickens raised in the open house compared with those of chickens raised in the other house types. In terms of antibody titer, that for Newcastle disease in open house chickens was lower than that of chickens raised in windowless and free-range houses. The antibody titer for low pathogenic avian influenza, avian infectious bronchitis, and avian pneumovirus was high at over 3.0 in all three farms. SG, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella pullorum, fowl adenovirus infection, and infectious laryngotrachitis were not detected in any of the three house types. The number of AWAF for laying hens has continuously increased in Korea, but there is currently little data on the housing types used on the AWAF for laying hens. Therefore, the results of the present study, in which analyzed the laying performance and disease occurrence on AWAF for laying hens, can use as basic data for the improvement of performance and prevention of disease on further AWFA for laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

Eggs are an important source of protein for the human diet. Consumers want fresher, more delicious and more sanitary eggs. In Korea, the Shell Egg Grading system (EGS) was employed in 2001. The portion of graded shell eggs has increased every year, but graded shell eggs account for only 6% of all eggs. The EGS should satisfy producers, distributors and consumers. However, the EGS does not have an official function because of many problems. Consumers cannot select various graded shell eggs in the market, and producers do not receive enough profit even though they produce top-quality graded shell eggs. There are few studies on the EGS, Therefore, this study was performed to improve the EGS. We surveyed the EGS, GP Centers and farmers. Large companies (farmers) are more satisfied than small companies with the EGS. There was a high tendency for the companies (farmers) that are not involved with the EGS to think that graded and ungraded shell eggs are similar, in contrast to the companies (farmers) connected to the EGS. We should have to change the grading system of grade shell eggs, establish of the cold chain system, change of the law for the school meals, minimize payment for the grading shell eggs for developing EGS. Based on this study, the egg industry can benefit through the improvement of the EGS.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate basic data of development for appropriate management system in broiler. Data such as ages at marketing, livability, body weight, etc. were collected from a total of 53 broiler farms located in Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeollanam, Jeollabuk, Gyeongbuk. 1. Average of ages at marketing were 32 days. Those of windowless house and open-type house were 31.96 and 32.03 days, respectively. The significant difference among four seasons was highly found (P<0.001). The longest ages at marketing were 32.86 days in winter. Average of livability was 96.25%. According to type of chick house, those of windowless house and open-type house were 95.93% and 96.59%, respectively. The livability according to season showed significant difference (P<0.05). The highest livability was 97.39% in autumn. However, the lowest livability was 95.36% in summer. 2. Average body weight at marketing was 1.62 kg. The significant difference was found in marketing weight by season (P<0.05). The heaviest body weight was 1.65 kg in winter, but the lowest weight was 1.60 kg in summer. Average of FCR was 1.62. the significant differences according to the season were highly found (P<0.01). Especially, the best FCR was 1.59 in autumn. Average cycles of marketing was 5.70. The significant differences according to farms size were found (P<0.05), cycles of small farms and big farms were 5.8 and 5.3, respectively. The ages at marketing were highly correlated with marketing weight (r=0.684) and feed conversion (r=0.439). The correlation between feed conversion and livability was highly negative (r=-0.614). According to the above result, livability and body weight at marketing were badly detected in summer. In conclusion, broiler farms should be controlled through properly environmental management system for improvement of performances.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-62
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• 1982

1. The primary purpose of this study was to analyse the current status of layer operations in Korea related to management practices and input and output relationship in egg production by surveying 150 egg producers throughout the country. Based on this primary information, this study attempted to illustrate a model layer farming budget. 2. The average size of the layer operations included in this survey was 7,969 hens per farm during the period from September 1, 1980 to August 31, 1981. However, about 80% of the producers started the layer farming with smaller scales than 3,000 layers and less funds than 10 million won during the later half of 1960s and the early half of 1970s. About 72% of the farmers were graduates from high school or college. These egg producers listed that lack of funds and poor production and management skills are the most important problems in the operation. 3. The farmers used to purchase baby chicks from the well-known hatcheries and commercial mixed feeds on one or two months' credit. While the eggs were sold to wholesalers and/or assemblers. Few of the producers market their products directly or cooperatively through the industry organization.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.36 no.5 s.415
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• pp.115-119
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• 2004

최근 야외에서 ND가 간간히 발생하고 있다는 소식이 들려오고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 ND 발생의 경우 독특한 양상을 띠고 있다. 첫째는 $2\~3$년의 주기로 발생이 되고 있으며 둘째는 $4\~6$월 사이에 발생이 집중 된다는 점이다. 고병원성 가금 인플루엔자(HPAI)를 겪은 우리에게 혹 긴장감이 느슨해지면서 농장의 차단 방역과 방역에 소홀해짐으로 올 봄 ND 대유행의 홍역을 치르는 것은 아닌지 다시 한번 경각심을 가져 보게 되면서 농장에서 관심을 갖고 있는 ND 분무 접종에 대해 이야기해보고자 한다. $5\~6$년 전까지만 해도 분무 백신에 대한 관심이 별로 없었던 게 사실이다. 그전 같았으면 음수 백신으로 백신 방법을 대치하고 말았을 것을 분무 백신을 해야 하는지? 또 어떻게 해야 하는지? 주의해야 할 점은 무엇인지? 등 여러 가지 질문을 받게 된다. 농장 부화장으로부터 분무기에 대한 관심도 부쩍 높아졌고, 이제는 대부분의 농가들이 분무 백신의 효능과 안전성에 대해 확신을 갖고서 꾸준히 실시하고 있는 것을 알 수가 있다. 대부분 많은 시행착오를 거쳐 나름대로의 기술력을 갖추게 되었고 많은 효과를 보고 있다고 말할 수가 있다. 그러나 아직 일부 농가들은 분무 백신 후 방어력과 후유증 즉, 안전성에 대해 많은 의심을 갖고 있으면서 시간과 노동력이 많이 소요되는 점안 백신을 하는 경우도 종종 보고있다. 이에 수년간의 경험을 통해 필자가 보는 견지에서 분무 백신을 하는데 있어 여러 가지 고려해야 할 사항, 주의 사항, 효과를 최대한 높이기 위한 방법 등을 알아보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 2002

The present study was conducted to compare the disease resistance to fowl typhoid among White Leghorn (WL) known as possessing greater genetic resistance to Salmonella, Rhode Island Red (RIR) susceptible to the disease and their mating crossbreed, WL ${\times}$RIR. Also, it was carried out to compare fowl typhoid-resistance among Hyline white${\times}$Hyline brown(HwHb), Hw${\times}$lsa brown(Hwlb), Isa white${\times}$lb(Iwlb), Iw${\times}$ Hb(IwHb) and Ib ${\times}$ Iw(IbIw) in order to select crossbreed chickens which have disease resistance to fowl typhoid and simultaneously produce the brown eggs which our domestic consummers prefer There was no death of WL chickens challenged with Sal. gallinarum at each 2, 5 and 8 wk of age, while average 86.2 to 64.1% of RIR chickens tested died at the same challenge age during the test period of 2 weeks. Their maiting crossbreed, WL ${\times}$ RIR were intermediate between the two breeds. weight gains of tested chickens were significantly higher in WL and WL ${\times}$RIR without difference between them than RIR. In recovery rate of tested strain of Sal. gallinarum from braun, heart, fiver, spleen and cecum of chickens challenged, WL ${\times}$RIR fell between the other two breeds, with somewhat higher rate then WL but much lower then RIR. In the disease resistance determination test using HwHb, Hwlb, Iwlb, IwHb and IbIw$.$ crossbreed chickens experimentally infected with Sal. gallinarum, it was recognized that all of crossbreeds tested developed marked resistance to fowl typhoid, based on the results judged by the measurement parameters of mortality, weight gain, recovery rate of challenged strain of bacteria, and positive rate of agglutination antibody, and HwHb had a tittle higher disease resistance then ethers.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.8 s.430
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

제4회 2005년 한국국제축산박람회가 오는 8월 31일부터 9월 2일까지 KOTRA 대전무역전시관(KOTREX), 엑스포과학공원에서 '깨끗한 환경과 안전한 축산물'이라는 주제로 열린다. 본 박람회 주최는 대한양돈협회, 대한양계협회, 한국낙농육우협회, 전국한우협회, 한국축산환경시설기계협회가 되고, 대한양돈협회, 2005한국국제축산박람회추진위원회, KOTREX가 공동 주관한다. 행사 후원은 농림부, 농협중앙회, 한국사료협회, 대전광역시, 충청남도가 맡았다. 이번 박람회는 출품하는 전시업체와 참관객인 축산농가를 위한 박람회로 꾸미기 위해 우선 장소를 대전 무역전시관(KOTREX)으로 옮겨 축산농가들이 쉽게 찾아올 수 있도록 했으며, 전시부스 내에서 실제적인 상담과 거래가 활성화 될 수 있도록 시식행사 등 부대행사는 옥외에서 치러질 수 있도록 하였다. 2005 한국국제축산박람회는 체험박람회, 참여박람회, 비즈니스박람회라는 목표하에 전시면적 15,250제곱미터에 15개국 178여개업체가 600부스 규모로 열리게 된다. 출품대상품목은 축산기자재 및 시설, 배합사료, 동물약품, 생명공학 제품, 축산물 위생 및 가공시설, 축산물 및 가공식품, 가축분뇨 자원화 처리시설, 종축, 리모델링 관련 설비 및 기술, 컨설팅 관련 정보 및 기술 등이 있다. 부대행사로는 축산물 시식회, 축산관련 학술 세미나, 우수전시업체 선발 및 시상, 전국대학생 포스터 경진대회 및 시상, 종축 전시와 경매, 재래닭 및 특수가금 전시, 애완견 및 명견전시, 돼지달리기 및 사진찍기 등이 개최된다. 박람회 참관객은 외국인 바이어 1,000명을 포함하여 10만명에 이를 것으로 추정하고 있다. 학술행사는 박람회 기간 동안 엑스포과학기념관과 대전전시관 세미나실에서 양계세미나, 축산기자재세미나, 축산기술세미나, 양돈포럼, 낙농세미나, 한우세미나, 양돈세미나가 열리게 된다.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.2 no.10 s.16
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• pp.2-8
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• 1996

닭고기 요리시 기름기제거, 토막내기, 껍질제거에 번거로움 커 - 계열입식식물량 감축효과 - 육계계열업체 힘든 가격경쟁 - 사료용 곡물수입 5백70만톤 - 육계불황타개 대책회의 개최 - 도계산업 발전위해 외국인근로자 고용 절실 - 일본, 사료곡물 방출 - E.U, 사료 ${\cdot}$ 산업용 곡물 증가 -계육산업 수출산업화 육성가능 - 특정사료 전문생산업체 급성장 - ’95년 수입축산물 780톤 불합격 - 북한, 가축사료로 수선화 이용 - 하반기 육계생산 전년비 $7{\~}8{\%}$증가추세 - 계약농가 안정소득 확보에 관심 커 - 닭고기 세균검사 실시 - 육계, 전염병 발생시 보상비 지원을 - 농림부, 질병병성감정실시기관 확대 - 브라질, 수입규제 제소 - 종계노계 출하 알선사업 실시 - 사료용옥수수 5만 3천톤 수입계약 - 일, 가금육처리장 총 710개소

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.64
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• pp.54-59
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• 2008

오리사육은 다른 가축에 비해서 그다지 복잡하지는 않고 식성 또한 잡식성이라 농가에서 손쉽게 사육될 수 있는 장점이 있으며, 질병에 강하기 때문에 닭처럼 백신이나 항생제를 첨가 급여하지 않아도 되나 최근 품종개량에 따라 사육성적이 우수해진 반면 오히려 질병에는 약해진 면이 있기 때문에 방심해서는 안되고 충분히 주의를 해야 한다. 집오리는 날지 못하므로 축사의 벽은 낮게 하여도 무방하나 지붕은 높을수록 좋다. 공기의 순환이 원할해야 하므로 풍향을 잘 관찰한 후 축사를 지어야 한다. 축사벽의 높이는 70cm를 넘지 않는 것이 좋다. 근본적인 위생대책 중 제일 중요한 것은 오리의 몸이 항상 건조하도록 해야 하는 것인데 수생가금이기 때문에 조금은 습해도 괜찮지 않겠느냐고 생각하면 큰 오산이다. 닭과 비교해서 음수량도 많고 변도 묽기 때문에 조금만 주의를 소홀히 하면 바닥이 무척 더러워지기 때문이다.