• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of different types of nutrient solutions and culture media on the growth and quality of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The results are summarized as follows : 1. The growth and yield of cucumber and tomato were best in rockwool culture with Cooper solution. 2. In sand-sack culture, growth and yield of cucumber and tomato were higher with compound fertillzer solution. 3. Growth and yield of cucumber and tomato were more effective in rockwool culture than in soil culture in early growth stages, and vice versa in later growth stages. 4. Vitamin C contents of cucumber and tomato showed no differences between soil cultures and hydroponics, except rockwool culture with compound fertilizer solution. 5. The dry weight, total-N, and mineral content of cucumber and tomato showed no differences among all types of hydroponics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the geographical location information data and the damage trends according to the type of landform for the study of various cultural properties in 44 traditional places with national designated cultural properties damaged by the racing earthquake on September 12, 2016. The landform type was the most enclosed type, and the location type was more frequent in the surrounding area, such as urban and rural areas. The waterside type was located along rivers, rivers, valleys, lakes, and oceans except for the top of the mountain, but this area was found to be vulnerable to earthquakes, It is understood that it should be referred from cultural property management the side. 26 of the total 44 were temples. The elevation and slope increased with increasing of the flat type, the background type, the enclosed type, the mountain type, and the top type. Most often located on 1-20 % slopes, with the slope facing south more often than not. Within the 10 km range from the epicenter, 23% were concentrated, within the range of nearly 65 km, the background type was closest, and was concentrated in the northeast and southwest from the epicenter. In this study, it is meaningful to analyze earthquake damage in various aspects from the viewpoint of traditional space which is a landscaping cultural property and it will be used for planning, designing and managing traditional spaces.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.557-586
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• 2009

Although energy demand management policy attracts attention internationally and domestically, the importance of local government in this policy is not so much as central government. But local government can do a role with regard to this policy because it is close to energy consumers not like central government. So local energy plan should be based on the understanding local energy consumption characteristics to activate local energy demand management policy. This paper tries to analyze energy characteristics of 16 local governments by decomposing energy consumption into population, production and intensity factors. The result of index decomposition analysis shows that energy intensity improvement has offset the increase of energy consumption caused by economic growth in the metropolitan cities, while it couldn't offset in the other provinces because of industrialization based on the manufacturing. In conclusion, this paper suggests that it will be necessary to switch to low energy society by carrying out concrete energy efficiency improvement projects in the metropolitan cities while it will be helpful to make a local development plan for low energy intensive industrialization in the other provinces.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1997

Plug seedlings of bell pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were grown for 50 days in controlled environment chambers under 12 hrs per day photoperiodic condition with sixteen different day and night temperature regimes to investigate the possibility of height control. The seedlings were then transplanted to greenhouse to investigate the growth, flowering, and yield afterward. Plant height and stem length of seedlings were mainly affected by day temperature rather than night temperature. Internode elongation was suppressed by a negative DIF and was enhanced by a positive DIF even with the same average daily temperature (ADT). Leaf unfolding rate was influenced more by ADT than by DIF. Fresh and dry weights increased as ADT increased. Leaf area and stem diameter increased until temperature increased up to 24$^{\circ}C$ day and night temperature and decreased above 24$^{\circ}C$, The position at which the first flower was initiated was lowered as ADT increased. The first flower degeneration was not obvious up to 24$^{\circ}C$ ADT but increased rapidly above 24$^{\circ}C$ ADT. Seedling compactness(Dry weight per plant height :mg.mm$^{-1}$ ) was greater under -DIF than +DIF condition. In conclusion, DIF treatment was an applicable technique to control stem elongation and growth rate such as leaf unfolding rate and position at which first flower was initiated could be controlled by ADT.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.89-93
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• 1969

The strains selected in the previous paper were identified according to the manual of Aspergilli by Thom and Raper, and the preparation of the crude enzymes with the strains were investigated. The fermented fodders were made with wheat bran and chaffs containing 20% wheat bran by the strains, and the feeding experiments concerned was conducted. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The selected strains were identified as below; MC-9 was a similar strain of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, MC-10 was a similar strain of Aspergillus flavus Link, MC-53 was a similar strain of Aspergillus penicilloides Spegazzini and MC-61 was a similar strain of Aspergillus niger mut Schiemanni n. comb. 2. Percentages of crude enzymes obtained from the dried matters of the wheat bran cultures were MC-9: 2.9%, MC-10: 3.9%, MC-53: 6.4% and MC-61:2.6%. And the cellulase activity of MC-9 was the most active among the crude enzymes as the same as the filtrates of wheat bran cultures. 3. As the results of the feeding experiments, changes of body weights showed no trends to be significant as compared with the control group, and the groups of MC-9 and MC-61 showed the increasing significance with P<0.05 in egg-laying rate.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 1997

Forty six natural habitats of Korean lespedeza(Leapedeza stipulacea Maxim.) were investigated for the growth characteristics, mineral contents of plant and the physico-chemical properties of natural habitat's soil compared with the upland soil nearby the habitat. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Plant height and dry matter yield were higher in the samples taken in late than early August showing large variation within the sampling date and location. Korean lespedeza showed higher contents of Fe and Mn, but lower contents of K, Ca, Mg and Cu than Alfalfa. The contents of P and Zn were about the same. The natural habitat showed higher soil pH and Ca content but lower contents of $P_2O_5$, K, and organic matter than the vicinity of natural habitats and the average soil of Korea. The contents of Mg were about the same. The soil texture of natural habitats showed much higher portion of sand and extremely low portions of silt and clay than both area. Korean lespedeza is so well adapted to the soil with low fertilizer and organic matter that other crops and most weeds fail. It also appears to thrive on the sandy loams, loamy sands of the piedmont region such as waste land and on the similar soils with variously physico-chemical properties.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some soil conditioners, such as polyacrylamide(PAM), polyvinylalcohol(PVA) and Bitumen emulsion, on aggregate formation and stability, wetting angle, sorptivity and penetrability of the soil with different textures : sand, sandy loam, loam and clay loam. A pot experiment was carried out to find out the effect of treatment on the germination and growth of lettuce with three textures : sand, sandy loam and silt loam. Soil aggregates larger than 2mm in untreated soils at dry condition were naught in sand, 45% in sandy loam, 80% in loam and 90% in clay loam. Treatments of soil conditioners tended to increase the occurrence of soil aggregate larger than 2mm, which were 20~25% in sand, 55~75% sandy loam, but not affected greatly aggragate occurence in loam and clay loam. The aggregate instability was decreased by the soil conditioner treatment. The wetting angles of the soils were greatly changed by hydrophobic of Bitumen, but those were changed slightly by PVA and PAM application. The sorptivity and penetrability data indicated that the effects of different materials on these parameters differed depending upon soil texture. Application of PVA and PAM were no effect exceptive in sand. Application of Bitumen revealed that water movement was not showed in all soils. The germination rate, root weight and top plant weight of lettuce were increased in all soils by PAM treatment as compared to untreated soils. Particularly the greater effect was occurred in sand soil than in sandy loam and silt loam. PAM increased greatly the moisture content and air phase of soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.311-322
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• 2003

Mycorrhizae is well known to increase the uptake of P and other mineral nutrients of plants. But if available P levels in soil is too low or high, mycorrhizae formation is limited. This study was carried out to determine the optimum level of available P for mycorrhizae formation of Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliate orange) seedling in volcanic ash soil. Eight levels of P in the range $0-1050mg\;kg^{-1}$ were applied with double superphosphate, and in each P level mycorrhizal fungi inoculated and uninnoculated treatments were included. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 5 months and mycorrhizae formation, growth, and nutrient uptake were measured. As P application level increased, mycorrhizae formation increased at lower range of P application and the highest formation ratio of 43% was found at $100mg\;kg^{-1}$ P level ($2.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ available P in soil). At further higher levels of P application, mycorrhizae formation was rather suppressed. Seedling growth was increased by the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi, and maximum growth was found at $100mg\;kg^{-1}$ P level where mycorrhizae formation was highest. The growth and mineral nutrient uptake of Poncirus trifoliata seedling represented a significant positive correlation with mycorrhizae formation at all P treatments.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.203-218
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• 2017

The study was initiated at three rice paddy fields of each large-scale area environment-friendly agricultural district, Suncheon and Jangheung in Jeollanam-do, and Okcheon in Chungcheongbuk-do in 2016 to observe growth and nutrients in soil and rice in a season. Jangheung farm had two observed plots; conventional plots and conventional plots additionally fertilizing of 20% T-N with oil-cake. Soil pH, EC, and K concentration on June in Jangheung farm were significantly higher than those values observed in Suncheon and Okcheon farms. Annual rice T-N contents in the Jangheung farm were more than 80 g but decreased in a season. T-N concentration in rice was high in Jangheung farm but the concentrations of P and K were not significantly different among the three farms at harvest. Plant height was as low as 101 cm in Sunchon farm but high in the dry weight (72 g). Leaf SPAD was higher in Jangheung farm than those of other farms. Okcheon farm, with early cultivar 'Milky queen', produced high head rice of 93%, and high unhulled rice and the brown rice per ha. Therefore, the annual production income was as high as 26.7 million won per ha. However, nutrient (T-N + P + K) balance in Okcheon farm with high amount of fertilizer application were as high as 900 kg per ha. On the other hand, nutrient balance in Jangheung farm resulted in less than 300 kg.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2003

A Jeju local variety of Italian millet (Setaria italica Beauvois) was grown at five seeding rates (6, 9, 12, 15 and 15 kg/ha) from May 1 to August 25, 2003 at Jeju to determine influence of seeding rate on agronomic characters, forage yield and quality. Days to flowering increased from 89 to 96 days as seeding rate increased from 6 to 18 kg/ha. The plant height increased from 128 to 148cm as seeding rate was increased from 6 to 12 kg/ha and then decreased to 131cm at a rate of 18 kg/ha. With increasing seeding rate, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf width and weight per plant decreased but leaf length had the same trend with plant height. As seeding rate increased from 6 to 12 kg/ha, fresh furage, dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield increased from 35.93 to 54.83 MT/ha, 10.49 to 17.43 MT/ha, 0.94 to 1.79 MT/ha and 5.33 to 9.27 MT/ha, respectively, and then decreased with further increased seeding rates. Crude protein, either extract, nitrogen free extract, and TDN content increased 9.0 to 12.01％, 1.3 to 1.8%, 45.6 to 47.8% and 50.8 to 55.0%, respectively, but crude fiber content decreased 35.2 to 30.0% and crude ash declined 5.8 to 8.4% as seeding rate increased from f to 18 kg/ha. The optimum seeding rate to obtain the highest forage yield was estimated to be 12 kg/ha.