• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.18-32
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• 2009

The goal of this study was to predict the health outcomes of lung cancer surgery based on the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). An attempt was likewise made to assess the prognostic value of such data for predicting mortality, survival rate, and length of hospital stay. A medical-record review of 389 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer was performed. To evaluate the agreement, the kappa coefficient was tested. Logistic-regression analysis was also conducted within two years after the surgery to determine the association of CCI with death. Survival and multiple-regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between CCI and the hospital care outcomes within two-year survival after lung cancer surgery and the length of hospital stay. The results of the study showed that CCI is a valid prognostic indicator of two-year mortality and length of hospital stay, and that it shows the health outcomes, such as death, survival rate, and length of hospital stay, after the surgery, thus enabling the development and application of the methodology using a systematic and objective scale for the results.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.257-271
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• 2002

The vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity of 3 boreholes located at Kongju National University was estimated by the ambient flow and the pump-induced flow measurements using a heat-pulse flowmeter. The ambient flow measurements showed that a great amount of groundwater (1~2 m$^3$/day) flowed in the boreholes through the conductive fractures. The analyzed conductivity profiles we similar to those of the packer test performed for the same boreholes. The conductive fractures in which the differential net flow changed greatly could be identified by the BIPS logging. The water-quality logging data showed that quality of groundwater changed abruptly at some depths of the boreholes. This change in water quality can be attributed to the presence of conductive fractures that have resulted in the mixing of groundwater of different quality flowing in different fracture channels. However, compared to the flowmeter test, the water-quality logging showed low capability in identifying locations of conductive fractures.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance characteristics of seawater cooling system for a fishing vessel. The circulation amount of refrigerant, condensation capacity, evaporation capacity, compression work and coefficient of performance(COP) were analyzed as the heat source temperature changed. The experimental setup consisted of an open-type compressor, a shell&tube type condenser, an evaporator and an expansion valve. The heat source was controlled by a constant temperature chamber. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. The condensation capacity increased with increasing heat source temperature, and it was confirmed that the effect of circulating amount of refrigerant was dominant. The amount of heat for vaporization was almost constant even though the temperature of the heat source increased. On the other hand, the compression power was increased. This is because the compression ratio increases as the condensation pressure, the enthalpy difference between inlet and outlet, the amount of circulating refrigerant increases. The performance coefficient of this system showed a tendency decreasing with increasing heat source temperature. Therefore, the basic data of the seawater cooling system for the maintenance of the catch line of the shore fishing boats was acquired through this study, and it is considered that it will be sufficient for the actual design.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

Thermal insulation performance of new insulation packaging made of recycled PET nonwoven (thickness : 10 mm) was verified by conducting comparative experiment with an EPS box (thickness : 25 mm) and a double wall corrugated box (thickness : 7 mm). Three ice packs (300 g) were positioned 200 mm above the bottom inside each box, all of which are placed side by side and temperature change of 2 points (5mm under middle icepack and 130 mm under middle icepack) was recorded by data logger (GL-840, Graphtec) for 16 hours under the environment of 29℃. The new packaging box showed 75% higher insulation performance than the EPS box and 180% higher than the corrugated box. In order to figure out the reason for insulation performance difference among boxes, thermal conductivities of each box material were measured using heat flow meter (HFM436 lamda, Netzsch). U-value (thermal conductivity divided by thickness) of EPS was lower than recycled pet nonwoven by 57%, which seemed to be opposite to the result of insulation test of boxes. This was explained by high water vapor transmission rate of EPS (6 times higher than PET insulation) and air pocket effect of PET insulation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

Purpose: This study conducted the following experiment to examine transdermal permeation effects or 500 KHz ultrasound with lidocaine HCl. Methods; First, to experiment skin permeation enhancement effects of 500 KHz ultrasound frequency, it produced apparatus and transducer of 500 KHz ultrasound and Franz diffusion cell for skim permenation experiment suitable to purposes of the experiment. Transdermal permeation experiment applied Lidocaine HCL gel to skin of hairless mouse depending on ultrasound frequency and duty cycle and analyzed permeation ratio with HPLC. Results: As a result of fixing lidocaine HCl gel at the same intensity with pulsed mode and continuous mode and comparing transdermal permeation ratio by frequency, transdermal permeation ratio was increased at 500 KHz ultrasound and remarkably increased at continuous ultrasound. It was found that 1 MHz and 500 KHz ultrasound in transdermal permeation experiment enhanced transdermal permeation of lidocaine HCl. In particular, transdermal permeation of 500 KHz using lidocaine HCl gel was highest. Conclusion: However, researches considering various frequencies, intensities and application hours in low frequency areas including 500 KHz ultrasound are needed to increase deep permeation or drugs.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) for unilateral motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction. Methods: One patient with unilateral motor disturbance of the hand following cerebral infarction (right basal ganglion and corona radiata) was treated with acupuncture, herbal medication, and electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) once daily from June 30, 2016 to July 4, 2016. We evaluated improvement using the Box and Block Test (BTT) and 10-seconds Test, including the Finger Individual Movement Test (FIMT), the Hand Pronation and Supination Test (HPST), and the Finger Tapping Test (FTT). Results: After five days of treatment, increase of FIMT and FTT scores was observed after electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9). However, no increase was observed in BBT or HPST scores. Conclusions: This study suggests that electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) can help treat motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.717-726
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• 2006

Traditional external post-tensioning method using either steel bars or tendons is commonly used as a retrofitting method for steel composite bridges. However, the method has some disadvantages such as stress concentration at anchorages and inefficient load-carrying capability of live loads. Multi-stepwise prestressing method using thermal expanded coverplate is a newly proposed prestressing method, which was originally developed for prestressing steel structures. A new retrofitting method for steel girder bridges founded on a simple concept of thermal expansion and contraction of cover plate, the method is a hybrid of and combines the advantages of external post-tensioning and thermal prestressing. In this paper, basic concepts of the method are presented and an illustrative experiment is introduced. From actual experimental data, the thermal prestressing effect was substantiated and the FEM approach for its analysis was verified. The retrofitting effects ofa single-span bridge were analyzed and the feasibility of the developed method was examined.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2009

Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by the soil fungus, Coccidioides immitis, which is endemic to the south-western United States. However, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis has recently increased due to the increase in overseas travel to endemic areas. We report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis diagnosed in an immunocompetent person. A 28-year-old female, who had lived in Phoenix, Arizona, USA for 2 years, was admitted for an evaluation of persistent cough with fever lasting for 2 weeks. The chest X-ray and Chest CT revealed multifocal patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacity in both lungs as well as multiple enlarged right hilar and paratracheal lymph nodes. A percutaneous needLe biopsy of the main mass-like consolidation confirmed mature spherules of Coccidioides immitis in lung tissue. Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis should be considered in patients presenting with persistent cough with fever and a history of travel to or immigration from an endemic area.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.71.2-71.2
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• 2018

태양계 질량의 대부분은 플라즈마, 기체, 또는 액체 상태로 존재하며, 극히 일부만이 고체 즉 암석과 광물로 존재한다. 하지만, 반응 특히 혼합(mixing)이 일어나는 속도가 매우 느린 고체의 특성상 태양계의 탄생과 진화 과정의 기록은 고체태양계 물질에 더 잘 보관되어 있다. 지구를 제외한 고체 태양계 물질을 확보하기 위해서는 지구로 낙하한 암석인 운석(meteorites)을 발견하거나, 우주로 나가 시료를 가져와야 한다. 아폴로 미션(Apollo mission)에 의한 월석(lunar rocks) 채취(Papike et al., 1998), 하야부사 미션(Hayabusa mission)에 의한 소행성(asteroid) 시료 채취(Nakamura et al., 2011), 스타더스트 미션(Stardust mission)에 의한 혜성 시료 채취(Zolensky et al., 2006) 등이 후자에 속한다. 능동적으로 가져온 시료는 아직까지는 그 종류와 양에서 운석에 비해 매우 부족하므로 현재까지 우리가 알고 있는 고체 태양계에 관한 대부분은 운석 연구를 통해 얻어졌다. 운석은 크게 미분화운석 즉 콘드라이트(chondrites)와 분화운석(differentiated meteorites)으로 구분한다. 분화운석 중 일부는 달운석(lunar meteorites) 또는 화성운석(martian meteorites)이며, 나머지 분화운석과 콘드라이트는 암석-지구화학적 특징과 성인적 연관성에 의해 다양한 그룹으로 세분되는데 각 그룹은 하나의, 또는 둘 이상의 매우 유사한, 소행성에서 유래한 것으로 해석된다(Krot et al., 2014; 최변각 2009). 다양한 종류의 운석과 구성 광물에 포함된 기록으로는 (1) 태양계 이전 존재한 항성의 대기에서 생성된 광물, 즉 선태양계 광물(presolar grains), (2) 태양계 성운 탄생과 각 진화 단계의 정확한 시기, (3) 태양계 성운의 화학조성-동위원소 조성, 온도-압력 조건 등을 포함한 물리-화학적 특징, (4) 가스-먼지로부터 미행성, 소행성, 행성으로의 진화 과정, (5) 행성 진화의 열원, (6) 소행성 핵의 생성 과정 등이 있다. 강연에서는 이들을 간략히 살펴보고자 한다. 운석연구 등을 통해 태양계 생성과 진화과정에 관한 다양한 정보가 축적되었지만, 앞으로 연구할 것들이 더 많다. 또한 태양계 물질 중에는 운석의 형태로 지구로 들어왔거나 앞으로 들어올 수 있는 것도 있지만 그렇지 않은 것도 있다. 가스나 기체의 경우가 그러할 것이며, 고체지만 결합이 약해 일부라도 원형을 유지한 채 대기권을 통과 할 수 없는 것도 있을 것이다. 또 공전궤도나 중력 등 물리적 이유로 지구권 진입이 불가능한 것도 있다. 이러한 태양계 구성원에는 우리가 아직까지 얻지 못한 정보들이 다량 보존되어 있을 것이다. 미래의 태양계탐사가 기대되는 이유 중 하나이다.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-21
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• 2007

Arbitration is a private and contractual means of dispute resolution. As a creature of contract, any particular arbitration owes its existence-and attendant limitations-to an arbitral agreement. This means that, in practice, the parties select their own judges, forum, and rules. By agreeing to arbitration, parties hope to achieve several goals. And arbitration has proven to be quicker, cheaper, and more predictable than litigation as a means of resolving many types of claims. As a primary method of conflict resolution, it is now worthwhile to consider carefully any procedural mechanism designed to promote the central aims of this alternative to litigation. It is helpful to frame any particular analysis according to (1) the type of decision for which preclusive effect is sought (arbitral award or court judgment) and (2) the type of subsequent proceeding in which preclusion is sought (an arbitration or a litigation). Res judicata may well bar litigation of that claim between the parties, but non-parties (affiliates or individuals) will not benefit from this bar unless the arbitral tribunal makes findings sufficient to satisfy the elements of collateral estoppel. The final permutation to be considered involves an arbitral award's preclusive effect on a subsequent arbitration. Whether a prior court decision should preclude issues or claims in a subsequent arbitration presents the easiest case for analysis. It is the easiest primarily because there is generally little room to debate whether adequate procedures were followed in a litigation. That is, one can safely assume that the rules of evidence and the rules of civil procedure were followed and that formal records sufficiently memorialize both the proceeding itself and the ultimate decision. Procedural regularity is mentioned not necessarily because it is an analytic tool, but because so many jurists and scholars see it as an impediment to the application of preclusionary doctrines.