• 중국학논총
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• no.61
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• pp.203-222
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• 2019

中国对外援助的历史可以追溯到中华人民共和国成立初期. 从50年代初對越南的援助开始, 其范围逐渐扩散到了整个第三世界. 它规模也一直呈增加趋势, 直到70年代初已超越了世界最富有国家对外援助的规模. 对此, 相关研究通过"国家利益"的分析框架去硏究中国对外援助的动机及背景, 即, 建國初期的中國之所以积极推动对外援助, 是因为要争取安保及外交利益的. 笔者怀疑通过"国家利益"的角度理解及評價中国之对外援助是否妥当, 于是考察了中国的对外援助与国家利益之间的相关关系. 结果, "改革开放"前的中国之对外援助與其說是为"国家利益"而提供的, 還不如說是基于"无产阶级国际主义"的盲目实践, 同是为确立毛泽东绝对权威而采用的极端手段.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.277-284
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• 2022

In this study, some of the contents of the sentence " Ti-Yu zhi Yan-Jiu " written by young man Mao Ze Dong were directly interpreted and examined, and it was intended to summarize what the reasons for this sport, which influenced the formation of his sports thoughts in the future, had on sports development in modern China. As a research method, the original text "Ti-Yu zhi Yan-Jiu" contains young man Mao Ze Dong's unique thoughts on physical education some of the introductions and Articles 2 and 6 of the main text are mainly cited and excerpted. In conclusion, in this sentence, Mao Ze dong summarized that physical education is the way to overcome virtue and knowledge, and active physical education activities accelerate individual self-realization. First, he is a physical education in Salvation is the purpose of the evils of physical education at the time and that actual physical education must be a story, and make some comments. Second, identity theory, he suggested Mental and physical unity. Third, in accordance with the practice was unusually simple and practical, representatively, the six physical fitness practices suggested in "Ti-Yu zhi Yan-Jiu" are important examples.

• 아름다운작은공간 미소공
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• v.29
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• pp.14-17
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• 2002

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.373-379
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• 2024

Mao Ze Dong's argument, which was examined through "Ti-Yuzhi Yan-Jiu," was not bound by Chinese traditions in the past, and it is a very bold and novel writing that points out exactly why physical education is necessary and why intellectuals of the time do not exercise. In addition, so that the first half's description does not stay only in empty theories, the second half introduces "Six-stage Gymnastics," which he created himself, and suggests specific action methods. Mao Ze Dong's idea of sports in "Ti-Yuzhi Yan-Jiu" is not just about promoting health, but is in line with the 5.4 New Culture Movement and is linked to the idea of saving the country for the nation and its people based on a strong body. I believe that 'Tiyuzh Yanjiu" initially stemmed from a simple sports enthusiast's ideology emphasizing Mao Zedong's physical training methods and their necessity. However, over time, the expression and practice of this argument became the foundation for the socialist political ideology of Mao Zedong, who united the people of China under socialism, founded the People's Republic of China, and led the entire country for nearly thirty years with his practical approach to physical training.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1011-1049
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• 2011

This study is mainly to investigate the influences of both Western's utopian socialism and cooperatives ideas on the process of China's rural cooperation from 1919(the occurrence of 5.4 movement) to 1958(the completion of People's commune). To accomplish this, first, we will discuss that how these two ideas emerged as an alternative to Western capitalism in the before/early 20th century were introduced into China and how these ideas effected on the process of the China's Communist Revolution. Then, we will review the process of China's rural cooperation during the 1950s' new socialist nation-building period since the foundation of New China(1949), the sharp debates about rural cooperation in the process of its realization, and the reasons of radically promoting rural cooperation in the late 1950s. Finally, through these debates and experiences regarding rural cooperation in rural China during 1919-1958, any implications in solving rural cooperation problems of contemporary China facing difficulties will be provided.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.8 s.399
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• pp.43-66
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• 2002

[통치자의 과학기술 리더십] 정책조정자형 과학기술 리더십 전환시급, 체계적 보좌기초 목표달성체제 구축해야/ [국내 역대대통령의 과학기술 정책] 박정희대통령 과학기술 초석놓고 전두환 이어 김대중대통령 변화기 진입/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/미국] 역대 대통령 '과학기술은 국력' 인식, 레이건은 '스타워즈'로 소련붕괴 불러와/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/일본] 역대 총리 6명이 과학기술청 장관 출신, '나카소네수상' 원자력 선진국 기틀 마련/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/중국]'모택동' 국방기술 개발에 총력 핵탄 완성, '등소평' 과학기술은 제일의 생산력 강조/[외국 역대대통치자의 과학기술 정책/영ㆍ독ㆍ불ㆍ러]프랑스 - 과학기술 선진국 나폴레옹과 드골 초석, 러시아 - 레닌 이후 모든 통치자 科技 위해 정책 펴

• CHINESE LITERATURE
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• v.98
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• pp.169-191
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• 2019

王實味是我們每當提及延安整風運動和毛澤東的〈延安文藝講話〉的時候常常被提出的人物。他 在整風運動過程中變成了批斗對象, 黨籍被剥夺而被逮系, 可是實際到整風運動之前夕, 他竝沒進 行什么活動导致思想問題或政治問題。那么, 他爲什么在整風運動過程中成爲批斗對象? 有個人從 他的品質或氣質中, 抑或跟托洛茨基有關的个人经验中追査它的理由, 我覺得這些不足阐释。這篇 文章以他在整風運動那會兒所寫的幾篇文章爲中心, 考察了他的文章是怎么與那時的共産黨中央, 特別毛澤東的意见发生冲突。

• CHINESE LITERATURE
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• v.94
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• pp.123-151
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• 2018

It is generally believed, in his book San Yan, Feng Menglong shows a great contradictoriness when it related to female marriage problems, which is female are encouraged to pursue their emotional partners while being strongly demanded to keep the chastity. Existing researches seem relatively simple and superficially. Based on the influence Xin Xue has exerted on Feng, this article offers a thorough analysis of how Feng's inheritance plays a decisive role on creating the contradictoriness in Female marriage stories. Chapter 2 lists several concrete contradictory representations in female marriage stories. Chapter 3 starts with two aspects: theoretical inheritance and practical inheritance, assisting with specific stories, shows that Xin Xue has played a profound and key role in the formation of such contradictions. Finally, it arrived at a conclusion that Feng's stories are actually a fully reflection of the philosophy Xin Xue, and the contradictoriness appears in the stories is indeed the self-contradiction of Xin Xue.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.321-343
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• 2016

The purpose of this thesis is to look through the political and social background of China preparing for a new era after getting out of the Communist Party of Mao Zedong, rapid inflow of the Western modernism and the avant-garde art arising in China with the focus of art works of Xu Bing, which contributed to the expansion of printmaking of China. Particularly, 85 New Wave Movement arose by young artists since 1985 and the China/Avant-Garde Exhibition held in Beijing in 1989 are the two important issues which reflect a new change from the traditional Chinese art. The artists of 85 New Wave Movement, who pursued a historical revolution and novelty, worked very actively by leading private exhibitions. Since the Cultural Revolution, the government owned the National Museum of Fine Art Beijing had exhibitions on a large scale displaying various visual arts such as performing art, installation, painting, sculpture but the Chinese government interrupted exhibitions two time due to bold performing art and unconcealed installation. Some artists were even taken to the police when performing art. Under these circumstances, Xu Bing, who majored printmaking, produced one of his major works, Books from the sky(1988), while he was working on various experiments focusing on the production process of printmaking and its repetitiveness. Xu Bing devised letters, carved them in trees and finally created approximately 2000 characters. Going further he displayed it as installation work, which means the developed characters go beyond a printed form, for audiences. This made him earn favorable reviews since it was a form of western art coupled with Chinese contents 'Chinese character'. After he received unfavorable reviews, however, he went to America leaving his last work in China, Ghost Pounding the Wall, in 1990, which was not able to exhibited. In those days, China society was going through a chaotic era thanks to the extinction of the Cultural Revolution and Deng Xiaoping's(1904-1997) reformation after the debacle of Tiananmen Massacre. This study looks into Xu Bing's artworks from his initial print works until he went to the US in 1991 and examines how he performed experiments utilizing reproductivity and plurality of prints tinged with Chinese traditional elements, and ultimately became one of the avant-garde artists representing the period.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.5-21
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• 2003

This thesis concerns urban construction archive management business of China in the 20th century 12 items of state level construction archives, 11 categories of urban construction archives was initially studied. And studies on data collection method, obligations and range of service, etc. of urban construction archives center were conducted as well. Urban construction archive management business was aggressively pursued in terms of national policy, based on the state plan to construct medium-sized and large cities and Mao ZeDong(毛澤東)‘s direction regarding of urban construction archives. As a result, there happened to be various levels and types of 3,186 archive centers, as of 2003. And the archives centers of urban construction have been estavlished in 662 cities all over China so far, while the establishment of the urban construction archives centers was pursued only in 42 cities in 1960s. Another point to note is that staff members of junior college or higher educational background account for 70% - 80% of overall human resources of the archives center of urban construction, while 60 - 70% of them are technical level. This makes professional human resources represent at least 60% of the total human resources of the centers. This is a result of effort of China to enhance urban construction archive management business on both quantitative and qualitative level. And through the study on the situation of urban construction archive management business in Beijing(北京), it was learned that urban construction archives are being collected and managed in archives centers of the respective areas as well as in professional archives centers of urban construction. Some suggestions were also made regarding what kind of direction Korea should take to pursue the business of urban construction archive management.