• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1988

In order to set up a predictive model for effective spat collection of sea mussel Mytilus edulis , the survival rate and time required at each developmental stage of drifting larvae were surveyed during the period from March 14 to July 20 in 1987 at the Naesan Ri, Jinhae Bay, the southern part of Korea. The advent of D - shape larvae ca. $120\times90um$ um long had three peaks in that area: April 15, May 13 and June 7. Umbo shape larvae ca.$188\times162{\mu}m$ and full grown larvae ca. $289\times280{\mu}m$ long also showed three peaks: April 27. May 24 and June 20 for the former, and May 10, June 5 and June 30 for the latter. Eleven to thirteen days were required for D - shape larvae to develop to umbo - shape larvae. The instantaneous death rate was 0.1300 and the daily survival rate 0.8781 at this intermorphological stage. The turnover time of umbo to full grown larvae varied from ten to thirteen days with a instantaneous death rate of 0.1520, daily survival rate of 0.8590, and mean survival rate of $16.89\%$. Twenty - three to twenty - five days were required for each group of the D - shape larvae to reach a full grown stage, and their mean survival rate was $3.55\%$ during this developmental period.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2001

Recently, sludge disposal becomes one of the most serious environmental problems. Because the landfilling and ocean dumping of sludge materials will be prohibited in the near future, the proper treatment?disposal methods should be investigated. Also, oyster shells, piled at the coast, cause adverse effects in coastal fishery, public water surface, natural landscape, public health and so on. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the dissolution characteristic of metal compounds during soil application experiment using sewage treatment sludge mixed with oyster shells. The dissolution experiment conducted 100days under artificial rainfall and farming soil, mixed with sewage treatment sludge and oyster shells, was put into the pots(approx. 0.5L). The results from dissolution experiment as follows. 1. K, Na was $5{\sim}20mg/{\ell}$, and Ca was less than $90mg/{\ell}$. 2. Heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Cr, Hg are dissoluted far less than the soil pollution guideline. The application of sewage sludge mixed with oyster shells increases pH(soil acidity)and buffer capacity(CEC) of farming soil, and heavy metals are thought to be attached to soil as insoluble forms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

We were trying to understand indirectly the range of the discharge from the Nakdong with the dispersion of suspended solid(SS) related to the amount of discharge from river in this study. The range of dispersion of SS from the Nakdong was estimated using satellite remote sensing and numerical modeling. The stream field with two dimensional and numerical model using the condition of integrated depth was calculated. According to the results, the streamline flowed from Busan to the Jinhae Bay and Geojae Island. at the flood. The situation at the ebb was totally changed. The streamline flowed out Busan from the Bay. The velocity in offshore was faster than one at coastal water of the Nackdong. Residual current which was averaged during 12hours dominantly appeared the dominant direction from the southwestern part of the Nackdong to the northeastern part of it. The eastward current appeared at the eastern coast of Gaduck Is. Base on the results of the velocity field, the quantifying of the dispersion of SS was estimated by the method of numerical tracer related to the Lagrangian method. The significant range of the dispersion of the SS from the Nackdong was from the eastern coast of Gaduck Is, to the coastal areas of Busan, Korea. The estimated range of the dispersion of the SS using the SeaWiFS and Landsat satellite data was similar to the estimated results using the numerical model.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.28-39
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• 2014

Several studies have been performed globally on the construction of integrated systems that are available for the integrated use of 3D geographic information on terrain and oceans. Research on 3D geographic modeling is also facilitated by the application of Lidar surveying, which enables the highly accurate realization of 3D geographic information for a wide area of land. In addition, a few marine research organizations have been conducting investigations and surveying diverse ocean information for building and applying MGIS(Marine Geographic Information System). However, the construction of integrated geographic information systems for both terrain and oceans has certain limitations resulting from the inconsistency in reference systems and datum levels between two data. Therefore, in this investigation, integrated geospatial information has been realized by using a combined topographical map, after matching the reference systems and datum levels by integration of airborne Lidar data and multi-beam echo sounder data. To verify the accuracy of the integrated geospatial information data, ten randomly selected samples from study areas were selected and analyzed. The results show that the 10 analyzed data samples have an RMSE of 0.46m, which meets the IHO standard(0.5m) for depth accuracy of hydrographic surveys.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2007

Urban freight system includes not just intra-urban freight movement but also inter-urban movement as well. Hence, to make Busan a hub of North-east asia freight movement it is necessary to develop a comprehensive plan for infrastructure expansion as well as improvement of freight system based on the present facility situation. This study identifies the status of freight facilities in Busan by establishing the freight related infrastructure Database(DB) utilizing Geographic Information System(GIS), and to enable planners and decision-makers to utilize the DB to develop a future plan. The DB includes port facilities, major and minor arterial roads, railroad lines and facilities, depots, center city business areas, and urban infrastructures which are related to the freight movements. The analyses show that major transportation facilities in Busan consist of roads, railroads, coastal transportation, and international transportation, and it was found that intermodal facilities are inadequate for freight system in Busan. The results of this study will be useful for freight experts and planners to develop a comprehensive freight system plan.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.158-168
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• 2019

Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency(KHOA) carried out a research project named 'Marine Fisheries Infrastructure Construction and Technology Training for the Philippines' as part of the 1st Official Development Assistance(ODA) from 2015 to 2018. It is preparing for the 2nd ODA project which will begin in 2020. Besides, recently, the Philippines is paying attention to marine territory management and response capability due to problems such as the sea-level rise and coastal erosion caused by climate change. Therefore, before 2nd ODA to the Philippines, this study analyzed the vertical ocean model on the vertical datum in Korea and suggests the direction of development of the vertical ocean modeling system for the vertical datum in the Philippines using the observed data from the permanent tide station which was built by the Philippines ODA research project over the last four years. Moreover, as a pilot study, the Sulu Sea in the Philippines was selected and analyzed by harmonic analysis method. At each tide station, constants for correction had been computed. And the grid-based tidal model was constructed based on this study. As a result of the study, similar tidal characteristic were observed when the prediction and the measured tide were compared by applying the constants for correction between two station in the sea area with similar tidal level. These results could be used as basic data for the 2nd ODA to the Philippines, and contributed to construct and maintain a close cooperation and friendship between Korea and the Philippines.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-97
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• 2013

This paper focuses upon the relationship between port and port city. The purpose of this study is to theoretically review the relationship between port and its city, and to identify crucial policy directions for mutual development of port and the backward city in the case of Gwangyang Port (GP), Korea. The contents of this paper consist of five main sections: introduction; a concept of port-port city relationship; an analysis of the relationship between GP and its city; policy directions for GP city; conclusion. This study was mainly conducted by a literature review of the papers/reports and the analysis of secondary data. Significant policy strategies are associated with development of value-added logistics, expansion of additional port business, vitalization of port hinterlands, and establishment of port logistics clusters in terms of port economic function. Green port operation, improvements of coastal environment, establishment of port waterfronts, and conceptual port redevelopment master plan are included in the major port city development strategies in terms of sustainable development. Another major port city development strategies contain major port city master plan, institutional arrangements for port city development, specialized port city development policy, and formation of free trade port city in relation to integrated port-port city planning and management.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

This paper aims to review the fairness of carriers' incentive schemes at Gwangyang port in 2010 and to show the desirable incentive allocation rules using the proportional and egalitarian rules under cooperative game theory. The carriers' incentive schemes at Gwangyang port in 2010 did not meet the no-envy and the efficiency, and satisfy the symmetry axiom. According to the research findings, the equal surplus method satisfies the axioms of equity, efficiency, symmetry, and progressivity. However, the uniform losses method meets the axioms of equity, efficiency, symmetry, and regressivity. We use a single allocation criterion of the total throughput to show the regressivity and the symmetry principles into the incentive scheme instead of using multiple criteria such as total throughput, increased volume, and coastal volume. The uniform losses method based on the total throughput can distribute the incentive amount according to the intent of the incentive schemes. Hence, we need to establish a rationing system to allocate reasonably the total amount of different types of incentives, avoiding the temptation to adjust the volume shipped between the ports of carriers considering the efficiency of allocation.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2002

This study was performed to know the vertical distribution pattern and community structure of intertidal invertebrates at 9 sampling stations near Songacksan area located in Jeju Island from June 2000 to May, 2001. A total of 104 benthic invertebrate species was recorded during the survey period and it was composed of 50 families, 25 orders, 12 classes and 6 phyla. Among them, the most highest species richness was observed in the mollusks comprising 66.3% (69 species) and the next one in the arthropods showing 16.3% (17 species). Species diversity was largely different depending on their vertical distribution, revealing much higher in the lower intertidal zone than in the middle or upper zone, while there were no distinct differences between sampling stations. The dominant species were Nodilittorina exigua, Littorina brevicula, Pollicipes mitella mitella and Nerita japonica in the upper zone, Monodonta neritoides, Lunella coronata coreensis and Nerita japonica in the middle zone and Notoacmea schrenckii, Omphalius nigerimus, Purpura clavigera and Chlorostoma argyrostoma lishckei in the lower zone. The macrobenthic fauna surveyed could be divided into two groups based on their species similarities between sampling stations but their differences were not distinctive.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2002

The distribution and density of the pen shell, Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata japonica, were investigated to estimate population ecological parameters and biomass. Samples were collected during cruises from April to June 1999 in the coastal waters of Chungchung-namdo, Korea. The oceanographic conditions such as depth, temperature, transparency and suspended solids were measured from sampling stations. Seawater depth ranged from 3.9 m to 75.9 m and the mean was 28.5 m (SE = 0.97). The mean density of the pen shell was higher in the depth of 18.0-30.8 m. The water temperature of the bottom ranged from 7.0-21.5$^{\circ}C$ and the mean was 14.$0^{\circ}C$. The transparency ranged from 1.2-13.5 m and the mean was 4.8 m. The suspended solids ranged from 6.0-93.5 mg/l and the mean was 48.0 mg/l. The sand proportion of the sediment was > 50%. The mean densities of the pen shell by sediment type were 7.3 individuals/40 m$^2$ (SE = 2.16) in the sand, 5.6 individuals/40 m$^2$ (SE = 1.48) in the muddy sand, 3.0 individuals/40 m$^2$(SE = 1.89) in the sandy mud, and none in the mud. The sandy bottom, accounting for 29.8% of the overall habitat area, had a maximum density of 7.3 individuals/40 m$^2$.