• MALSORI
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• no.57
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• pp.43-58
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• 2006

This study aims to investigate whether Chinese learning Korean and Korean native speakers show any difference in length and formant structures of the Korean liquid 'ㄹ' in the environments of v_v and v_# through the acoustic analysis of 10 Chinese learners' and 10 Koreans' utterances. The acoustic analysis of L2KSC DB shows that the length and formant structures of 'ㄹ' produced by Chinese learners are significantly different from the ones by Koreans. I explain these differences by contrasting the liquids and syllable structure constraints of the two languages, Chinese and Korean. In addition, I relate the F1 and F2's values to the tongue's movement when making a constriction, and conclude that Chinese learners pronounce the 'ㄹ' in the v_# environment with the tongue lower and backer than Koreans do.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

This paper compares the speech signal parameters between Korean and Chinese for Korean pronunciation /ㄹ/, which is caused many errors by Chinese leaners. Allophones of /ㄹ/ in Korean is divided into lateral group and tap group. It has been investigated the reasons for these errors by studying the similarity and the differences between Korean /ㄹ/ pronunciation and its corresponding Chinese pronunciation. In this paper, for the purpose of comparison the speech signal parameters such as energy, waveform in time domain, spectrogram in frequency domain, pitch based on ACF, Formant frequencies are used. From the phonological perspective the speech signal parameters such as signal energy, a waveform in the time domain, a spectrogram in the frequency domain, the pitch (F0) based on autocorrelation function (ACF), Formant frequencies (f1, f2, f3, and f4) are measured and compared. The data, which are composed of the group of Korean words by through a philological investigation, are used and simulated in this paper. According to the simulation results of the energy and spectrogram, there are meaningful differences between Korean native speakers and Chinese leaners for Korean /ㄹ/ pronunciation. The simulation results also show some differences even other parameters. It could be expected that Chinese learners are able to reduce the errors considerably by exploiting the parameters used in this paper.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.165-170
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• 2004

The aim of this paper is to study the relation between Eojeol and prosodic phrase in Korean. Depending on two adnominal ending form in Korean '-ㄴ' and '-ㄹ', there are some different prosodic phrase: 1) $1{\sim}2$ syllable eojeols : '-ㄴ' has none prosodic phrase in front of the eojeol, an accentual phrase in the end of the eojeol. In contrast, '-ㄹ' has an accentual phrase in front of the eojeol, but none in the end of the eojeol. 2) More than 3 syllable eojeols : '-ㄴ' have accentual phrases on the edge of the eojeol. but '-ㄹ' has an accentual phrase in the end of the eojeol.

• MALSORI
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• no.31_32
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptive aspects of the polysemic sentence final ending "-(eu)lgeol" produced by Chinese Korean learners. "-(Eu)lgeol" has two different meanings, that is, a guess and a regret, and these different meanings are expressed by the different prosodic features of the last syllable of "-(eu)lgeol". To examine how Korean native speakers perceive "-(eu)lgeol" sentences produced by Chinese Korean learners and the most saliant prosodic variable for the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" at the perceptive level, we performed a perceptual experiment. The analysed material constituted four Korean sentences containing "-(eu)lgeol" in which two sentences expressed guesses and the other two expressed regret. Twenty-five Korean native speakers participated in the perceptual experiment. Participants were asked to mark whether "-(eu)lgeol" sentences they listened to were (1) definitely regrets, (2) probably regrets, (3) ambiguous, (4) probably guesses, or (5) definitely guesses based on the prosodic features of the last syllable of "-(eu)lgeol". The analysed prosodic variables were sentence boundary tones, slopes of boundary tones, pitch difference between sentence-final and penultimate syllables, and pitch levels of boundary tones. The results show that all the analysed prosodic variables are significantly correlated with the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" and among these prosodic variables, the most salient role in the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" is pitch difference between sentence-final syllable and penultimate syllable.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.12-19
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• 1994

This paper reports a new structure for phoneme recognition neural network. The proposed neural network is able to deal with the structure of the frequency bands as well as the temporal structure of phonemic features which used in the conventional TSNN. We trained this neural network using the phonetics (아, 이, 오, ㅅ, ㅊ, ㅍ, ㄱ, ㅇ, ㄹ, ㅁ) and the phoneme recognition of this neural network was a little better than those of conventional TDNN and TSNN using only temporal structure of phonemic features.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.185-190
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• 2012

본 논문은 동아, 조선, 중앙, 한겨레 신문의 2009년 신문 사설의 제목과 본문에서 나타나는 n-gram에 대한 논의이다. 구체적으로 자주 출현하는 단어들의 연속 단위 3~6개의 형태소를 추출하여 신문 사설에서 나타난 고빈도 형태소 연속체를 살펴본다. 또한 이들을 기사문에서 추출한 패턴과 로그공산비로 비교하여 신문 사설에서 더 특징적인 의미로 사용되는 어휘들을 살펴본다. 그 결과, 사설 본문에서는 3-gram은 '아야 한다'. 4-gram은 'ㄹ 것이다', 5-gram은 'ㄹ 수밖에 없다', 6-gram은 '아야 할 것이다' 등이, 사설 제목은 '것인가, 안 된다'가 하나의 용어처럼 사용되고 있었다. 이러한 형태소 연속체를 살펴봄으로써, 신문사설의 텍스트 특징과 정형적인 표현에 대해서 살펴볼 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 1992

We have developed a new optical associative memory system hased on the symmetric three layered neural network model, uhing two holograms and a LCIV. In the experiment, four Korean alphabet letters (ㄹ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ) are used as memory patterns. The results are compared with those of the two layered network and the IIopfield models. The results show that more than 95% recognition ablity is obtained for thc input which has the error rate less than 12%.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1995

An auditory experiments for the phonetic value of the last consonants when its signal is transmitted through the amplifier from the last to the first, shortly speaking, time reversed waveform, were done for the 14 Korean consonants. Then the last consonant becomes to the first consonant in the time reversed waveform. The listeners who heard the 14 reversed consonants have recorded the phonetic value being heard. We analyzed these results by the method of articulation and the position of articulation. By the results, the phonetic value of the last consonants /n/, /l/ and /m/ is the same as the first consonants. Last consonant /d/ is heard like first consonant /n/. Last consonant /ng/ is heard like first consonant /m/. Last consonants /k/ and /b/ don't have any particular phonetic values. These results were tested by the experiments and were analyzed by the principle of articulation.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the IOPI articulator strength training program on articulator(tongue and lip) muscle strength, numbers of /l, s, ʨ/ articulation accuracy, articulatory numbers, articulation regularity and accuracy in the alternate motion rates, and sequential motion rate changes in patients with spastic dysarthria. Methods : Three cases of patients with spastic dysarthria living in Jeju, Korea, were included in this study. A single subject design was selected to study changes in articulator(tongue and lip) muscle strength, numbers of /ㄹ, ㅅ, ㅈ/ articulation accuracy, articulatory numbers, articulation regularity and accuracy in the alternate motion rates and sequential motion rates. Results : After the articulator strength training program was conducted on patients with spastic dysarthria, there were positive changes in articulator(tongue and lip) muscle strength, numbers of /ㄹ, ㅅ, ㅈ/ articulation accuracy, articulatory numbers, articulation regularity and accuracy on the alternate motion rates and sequential motion rates. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that IOPI articulator strength training program could be very useful for the most representative childeren with cerebral palsy if conducted in various subtypes of dysarthric patients and linked with articulatory function training with IOPI at home.