• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.298-310
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• 1976

A clinical analysis was performed on 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases experienced at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 20 year period from 1957 to 1976. Of 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases, there were 84 patients of esophagenal stenosis, 14 of esophageal perforation, 8 of esophageal atresia, 7 of achalasia, 2 of hiatal hernia, 2 of esophageal foreign body and one of esophageal diverticulum. Fifty-one patients were male and sixty-seven were female, and ages ranged from one day to sixty-four years with peak incidence in the age group of 20 to 29 years. All but one of the esophageal stenosis were caused by corrosive esophagitis and ages ranged from three to sixty-four years with peak incidence in third decade. Main symptoms of the esophageal stenosis were dysphagia, weight loss and chest pain in order and mostly began between one month and one year after ingestion of corrosive agents. Corrosive esophageal stenosis developed most frequently in middle one-third of the esophagus and about one-forth of them were diffuse. Operations were performed on 72 patients of esophageal stenosis of whom 26 patients had esophagocologastrostomy, 21 gastrostomy, 20 esophagogastrostomy, 4 esophagojejunogastrostomy and 2 pharyngogastrostomy. There were 5 deaths in the postoperative period, an operative mortality of 6.9 percent, and 20 patients had one or two complications; eight were anastomotic leaks, 6 gangrenes of replaced loop, 4 wound abscesses and others. The causes of the esophageal perforation were traumatic in 7 cases, caustics in 4 and spontaneous in 3, and the most frequent site of the perforation was lower one-third of the esophagus. Frequent symptoms of the esophageal perforation were pain, fever, dysphagia and dyspnea, and preoperatively there were mediastinitis in 8 cases, empyema in 7, lung abscess in 3 and others. All 14 patients of the esophageal perforation underwent operation: primary closure in 7 cases, drainage in 4, esophagogastrostomy in 2 and 'esophageal diversion in one. There were 4 postoperative deaths and 11 postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients. The duration of symptoms in achalasia was between 3 months and 25 years, with an average duration of 6. 2 years. Frequent symptoms of the achlasia esophagi were dysphagia, regurgitation, pain and weight loss in order. All 7 patients of achlasia underwent modified Heller's operation where 2 patients had complications, restenosis in one and esophageal perforation in another. All 8 patients of congenital esophageal atresia had distal tracheoesophageal fistula and were admitted within 5 days of life, but there were pneumonic consolidation on chest X-ray in patients. Five patients underwent one staged operation with the result of 2 deaths and one anastomotic leak.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2001

This study was performed to collect basic data for the development of effective oral health education program of lower graders in elementary school. The subject in this study were 704 first-year, second-year and third-year in Hyoje elementary school. The authors collected the tissue where dental caries involved. the possibilities of dental caries prevention. cariogenic food and noncariogenic food. time and frequency of toothbrushing. size of using toothbrush, intake frequency of cariogenic food and the experience with visiting dental clinics, the purpose of visiting dental clinics and fear for dental treatment. The collected data were analyzed. The finding of this study were as follows: 1. Twenty-four percent of students had not correct understanding about the tissue which dental caries are involved. Eleven percent of students thought that it was impossible to prevent dental caries. 2. Sixty-four percent of student brushed their teeth before going to bed, and 63.0% of responded students brushed their teeth twice or more a day. Seventy-eight percent of students used small toothbrush. and there was a Significant difference of size of using toothbrush among the first, second and third graders(P<0.01). Sixty-nine percent of students intake cariogenic food once or more a day. 3. Eighty-six percent of students had experienced with visiting denial clinics. sixty-two percent of students visited dental clinics when they had a toothache. and there was a significant difference of the purpose of visiting dental clinics among the first. second and third graders(P<0.01). Seventeen percent of students responded that dental treatment is fearful there was a significant difference of fear for denial treatment among the first, second and third graders(P<0.05). 4. It was recommended that effective oral health education programs should be developed to increase toothbrushing after breakfast, to decrease intake frequency of cariogenic food, to increase frequency of visiting dental clinics regularly, and to reduced fear for dental treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2008

The theory of Hwa Acupuncture Therapy (HAT), called Hwa Chim Therapy, is a part of the Five Elements Theory unique to Korea. H99AT, created and developed by Jaehoon Song, integrates the victor-vanquished as well as the son-mother relationship of the Five Elements of breakdown and restoration of balance between yin and yang. And also, it provides resources and data on The seventy fifth Difficulty Nan(75難), The sixty ninth Difficulty Nan(69難) of Classic on Difficulty - Nan Jin 75, 69. HAT establishes objectiveness and accuracy of diagnosis based upon the traditional method and procedure of pulse taking. In HAT, a person's state of illness is diagnosed by applying the comparative examination of the palpitation of the pulse. It is the fact that the pulse varies according to the state, and that HAT treatment has proven the positive results by using the victor-vanquished relationship of Classic on The Nan Jin 75. On the basis of this, it is necessary to add the sixty ninth Difficulty(69難), to research the theory of the generation of the Five Element. Despite a the concise and simple theory, Hwa Chim is very effective in treating the wide range of illness, and thus it has gained an increasing attention of many scholars and practitioners in the field of traditional Korean oriental medicine. However, it is the first theoretical attempt to the clinical research and scientific methodology of Ohaeng(Five) Hwa Chim, and more active Hwa Acupuncture R&D is being conducted nationwide.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 2007

Purpose : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Jeongkyeong-Tang(JKT) on the polycystic ovary(PCO) induced by estradiol valerate(EV) in rats. Methods : PCO was induced by single intramuscular injection with EV(4mg) in female rats. Normal group(n=8) were injected with sesame oil and orally administrated distilled water for sixty days. PCO control group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated distilled water for sixty days. JKT treated group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated JKT for sixty days. Then we measured weights of body, ovaries and adrenal glands, and measured content of serum estrogen. The histomorphometrical changes of ovaries were also evaluated. The expressions of nerve growth factor(NGF) were analyzed in the central nervous system, adrenal glands and ovaries by immunohistochemistry. Results : - The weights(mg) of ovaries in JKT treated group (69.7${\pm}$6.7) were significantly increased( p<0.001) compared with PCO control group(46.7${\pm}$12.2). - The numbers of secondary follicles in JKT treated group(4.00${\pm}$l.31) were significantly increased(p <0.05) compared with PCO control group(2.25${\pm}$1.39). - The numbers of mature follicles in JKT treated group(5.50${\pm}$1.51) were significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with PCO control group(2.88${\pm}$1.13). - The numbers of atretic follicles in JKT treated group(2.75${\pm}$l.16) were significantly decreased(p<0.001) compared with PCO control group(6.88${\pm}$2.03). - The numbers of corpora lutea in JKT treated group(4.13${\pm}$1.46) were significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with PCO control group(2.13${\pm}$1.46). - The contents(pg/ml) of serum estrogen in JKT treated group(115.18${\pm}$18.29) were significantly decreased(P<0.01) compared with PCO control group(153.06${\pm}$29.47). - The expressions of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovarian granulosa cells in JKT treated group were lesser observed than PCO control group. Conclusion : From the above results, we concluded that Jeongkyeong-Tang has inhibitory effect on the development of EV-induced polycystic ovary. And it's effect may be related with decreased NGF activities in the ovary.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.240-249
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• 2001

Obejective : Based on ${\ll}$sixty-ninth Nan${\gg}$ (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$六十九難${\gg}$) the interpromoting of the five element's balance method to discuss following 'when deficiency than should strengthen mother and when excessive than eliminate son' theories. Method : This strengthening and eliminating method is based on Jang-bu organ's balance method when 'east is excessive (liver excessive (肝實 )) and west is deficiency (lung deficiency (肺虛))' then 'eliminate the south and strengthen the north's method. Results : The seventy-fifth Nan (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$七十五難${\gg}$) explains' son effects mother's excessive and mother effects son's deficiency' theory where it balance method of the inter-overacting five elements controlling Jang-bu organ's differentiations. The eighty-first Nan (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$八十一難${\gg}$) explains strengthening-eliminating method of 'lung excessive and liver deficiency.' Since there are two different perspective of seventy-fifth and eighty-first Nan, we must compare and discuss to make right point of view. Conclusion : the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung sixty ninth nan${\gg}$ could be understood as a view of five element constitutional theory (五行體質理論), the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung seventyty-fifth nan${\gg}$ of eleminating fire and strengthning water in case of liver excess and lung defficiency and the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung eighty-first nan${\gg}$ of strengthning liver and eleminating lung in case of lung excess and liver defficiency could be understood as a view of the yin-yan constitutional theory (陰陽體質理論).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.119-133
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• 2009

Objectives : The object of this study is to report on the theory of Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture Therapy. Methods : The theory of Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture Therapy(OHAT; 五行和針法) is a part of the Five Elements Theory unique to Korea. This research Classic of Difficulty Issues-Nan Jing review Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture Therapy. Results : OHAT, created and developed by Jae-hoon Song, integrates the victor-vanquished as well as the son-mother relationship of the Five Elements of breakdown and restoration of balance between yin and yang. And also, it provides resources and data on The seventy fifth Nan(75難), The sixty ninth Nan(69難) of Classic of Difficulty Issues - Nan Jin 75, 69. OHAT establishes objectiveness and accuracy of diagnosis based upon the traditional method and procedure of pulse taking. In OHAT, a person's state of illness is diagnosed by applying the comparative examination of the palpitation of the pulse. It is the fact that the pulse varies according to the state, and that OHAT treatment has proven the positive results by using the victor-vanquished relationship on The Nan Jin 75. On the basis of this, it is necessary to add the sixty ninth Nan(69難), to research the theory of the generation of the Five Element. Conclusions : Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture is very effective in treating the wide range of illness, and thus it has gained an increasing attention of many scholars and practitioners in the field of traditional Korean oriental medicine. However, it is the first theoretical attempt to the clinical research and scientific methodology of Ohaeng(Five) Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture, and more active Ohaeng-Hwa Acupuncture R&D is being conducted nationwide.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 2006

This study investigated how children rely on the mind of the speaker to infer unfamiliar words. Sixty 3 to 5-year-old children were interviewed individually with word inference and false belief tasks. Children's sensitivity to the speakers' intentions and prior experiences increased with age. Unexpectedly, their performance was not different with the condition of mind construct. Children's inferring word meanings were positively, but not significantly, correlated with understanding others' false beliefs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.850-855
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• 1988

From July 1983 to June 1988, twenty six patients underwent mitral valve repair for pure mitral stenosis[21 patient] or for mitral stenosis with a mild degree of regurgitation[5 patient] at Chonbuk National University Hospital. All patients underwent open mitral commissurotomy and 17 patients required to additional procedures for relief of obstructive subvalvular lesion. There was no operative death. The patients were followed from one to sixty months[mean 24. 1Mo.] One late death occurred due to cardiac and renal failure 10 month postoperatively. Of the 25 surviving patients at the time of follow-up, 17 patients[68%] were in NYHA functional class I and 8 patients[32%] were in class II.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.948-952
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• 1994

Superior mesenteric artery aneurysm is the third most common lesion and comprises approximately 5.5 % of all visceral artery aneurysms. The first successful repair was performed by DeBakey and Cooley in 1949. Since then, more than 100 cases have been reported. Fifty to sixty percent of these aneurysms are mycotic in origin. Other less frequent causes include arteriosclerosis, trauma, and medial degeneration. The operations are bypass with autologous tissue or with artificial vascular graft and aneurysmorrhaphy. We have experienced a case of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm which had undergone aneurysmectomy and artificial graft interposition. This is the first domestic case which was successful surgical repaired.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 1972

For the purpose of scientific evaluation of oriental medicine, statistical analyses of oriental medicine formularies have been attempted. Four hundred and sixty seven prescriptions in 'Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyon', the most popular formulary of oriental medicine in Korea, were analysed to obtain statistical characteristics on the prescription frequency and origin distribution of two hundred and ninety three herb drugs.