• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Overexpression of amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish mutation causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Hyperphosphorylated isoforms of tau are major components of neurofibrillary tangles, which are histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major tau protein phosphatase, consists of a structural A subunit, catalytic C subunit, and a variety of regulatory B subunits. The B subunits have been reported to modulate function of the PP2A holoenzyme by regulating substrate binding, enzyme activity, and subcellular localization. In the current study, we characterized regulatory B subunit-specific regulation of tau protein phosphorylation. We showed that the PP2A B subunit PPP2R2A mediated dephosphorylation of tau protein at Ser-199, Ser-202/Thr-205, Thr-231, Ser-262, and Ser-422. Down-regulation of PPP2R5D expression decreased tau phosphorylation at Ser-202/Thr-205, Thr-231, and Ser-422, which indicates activation of the tau kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ($GSK3{\beta}$) by PP2A with PPP2R5D subunit. The level of activating phosphorylation of the $GSK3{\beta}$ kinase Akt at Thr-308 and Ser-473 were both increased by PPP2R5D knockdown. We also characterized B subunit-specific phosphorylation sites in tau using mass spectrometric analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the phosphorylation status of the tau protein may be affected by PP2A, depending on the specific B subunits. These studies further our understanding of the function of various B subunits in mediating site-specific regulation of tau protein phosphorylation.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.151-167
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• 2003

Melanin biosynthesis is a human defense mechanism to protect skin from UV irradiation and also determines colors of hair and skin. However, as a interest on skin-whitening increases, researches to prevent pigmentation and hypersynthesis of melanin in skin are being actively in progress. Active components used as a whitening agent in cosmeceuticals are kojic acid, arbutin, vitamin C and hydroquinone. However, until now, because comparison researches among them in the aspect of both melanin formation and cellular toxicity have not been performed, we can't exactly estimate merits and defects of them as a whitening agent. To this end, we performed experiments to compare their effects on cell viability and melanin formation. As a first step, in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay was done. While kojic acid and hydroquinone showed strong inhibition activities(their IC$\_$50/s are all < 100uM), arbutin and vitamin C showed weak activities. IC$\_$50/s of arbutin and vitamin C are 100uM and 400∼500uM, respectively. In B16BL6 melanoma cells, like in vitro tyrosinase inhibition assay, arbutin and kojic acid showed more strong inhibition effect on melanin synthesis than vitamin C. And unlike arbutin, vitamin C and kojic acid induced cell death at high concentration. Although arbutin showed no cytotoxicity, it has side effect to induce morphological change at high concentration.. In this paper, we suggest both kojic acid and arbutin have stronger ability to inhibit melanogenesis than vitamin C. And they also have side effect, that is, kojic acid induces cell death like vitamin C and arbutin changes cell morphology respectively.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.700-718
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• 2003

Fructan, a polysaccharide existing in plants or produced by microorganisms, is a sugar polymer of fructose with $\beta$-2,6 linkages. In this study, we investigated some cosmeceutical properties of Fructan such as moisturizing effect, cell proliferation effect, anti-inflammation effect and cell cytotoxicity. Zymomonas mobilis, a microorganism producing Fructan, was cultured in a medium containing 10％ sucrose and 2％ yeast extract as main components for 24 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7. Fructan was obtained by precipitation from the cultured medium by adding alcohol (alcohol ratio of 1:3) after removing the enzyme by centrifuging. Fructan exhibited almost same moisturizing effect as hyaluronic acid and cell proliferation effect on human fibroblast and keratinocyte as well. Moreover, on cell proliferation test on bio-artificial skin constructed by 3-dimensional(3-D) culture after inducing primary skin inflammation with 0.5％ sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), the 3-D artificial skin treated with 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml of Fructan exhibited higher cell proliferation than the 3-D artificial skin treated with SLS only. On anti-inflammation test on 3-D artificial skin evaluated by measuring secreted quantity of interleukin-1$\alpha$ (IL-1$\alpha$) which is a pre-inflammatory mediator induced by SLS, the quantity of IL-1$\alpha$on the 3-D artificial skin treated with 0.01 mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml of Fructan was less than the one on the 3-D artificial skin treated with SLS only. As a result of these studies, Fructan has anti-inflammation effect against inflammatory reaction by a skin irritant as well as cell proliferation effect in bio-artificial skin. Fructan was also evaluated as a safe material without any toxicity in safety tests using fibroblasts and animals.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2000

옥수수 수염의 일반적인 생육특성과 함유된 각종 일반성분 및 유리당, 유기산, 아미노산 및 향기성분에 관한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 본 시험을 수행하였으며 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수의 수염은 출사 후 3일 이내에 수정이 완료되고 길이 신장이 정지되나 수정되지 않은 수염은 지속적으로 신장하여 출사 후 8일에 23-25cm였다. 2. 출사기에 옥수수 수염의 수분함량은 92-94%, 출사후 30일에는 70-75%였다. 3.옥수수 수염은 엽록소 b의 함량이 높고, 엽록소 a/b의 비율은 사료용 옥수수＞ 단옥수수＞ 초당옥수수＞ 찰옥수수 순이었다. 4. 유리당은 glucose와 fructose가 주종을 이루고, 그 구성비율은 glucose가 55% fructose가 42% 이었으며 sucrose 및 maltose는 4% 미만으로 낮았다. 5. 가용성 고형물 함량은 미수정 수염이 13.7-16.8 Brix %, 수정된 수염은 12.6-13.7 Brix %로 1.1-3.1 Brix % 차이가 있었다. 6. 옥수수 수염의 유기산은 phytic, oxalic, malic, shikimic, glutaric 및 acetic acid가 검출되었는데, 이중 phytic, oxalic 및 glutaric acid가 주요 유기산이었고 유기산의 함량은 사료용 옥수수＞ 초당옥수수＞ 찰옥수수＞ 단옥수수 순으로 높았다. 7. 단백질 함량은 3.36-4.17%로서 출사후 3일에 최대치를 나타내었고, 단백질 함량은 사료용 옥수수＞ 찰옥수수＞ 단옥수수＞ 초당옥수수 순으로 높았다. 8. 아미노산중 serine, glycine 및 threonine 3종은 10% 이상 함유되어있었으며 glycine의 구성비율이 12.3%로 가장 높았고 황(S)함유 아미노산인 methionine과 cystine 함량은 각각 2.1% 및 1.3%로 함량이 낮았다. 9. 향기성분으로 acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetone, DMS, isobutylaldehyde, cis-3-hexanol, 3-hexe-1-ol, acetate, trans-2-hexanol, pentanol 등이 검출되었고, 사료용의 주요 향기성분은 acetaldehyde와 DMS, 찰옥수수는 acetaldehyde, ethanol 및 DMS였다. 10. 옥수수 수염의 길이는 유기산 함량과 r=0.556, 아미노산 함량과는 r=-0.514로 유의성이 인정되었고, 유리당 함량은 유기산 함량과 r=0.703, flavonoid 함량과 r=0.544로 유의한 정의상관이 있었다. 특히, flavonoid 함량은 엽록소 함량과 정의 상관(r=0.523)이 인정되어 엽록소는 flavonoid 함량의 판단지표로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.765-772
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• 2015

Saussurea lappa has been reported to possess anti-atopic properties. In this study, we have confirmed the S. lappa's anti-atopic properties in Nc/Nga mice and investigated the candidate gene related with its properties using microarray. We determined the target gene using real time PCR in in vitro experiment. S. lappa showed the significant reduction in atoptic dermatitis (AD) score and immunoglobulin E compared with the AD induced Nc/Nga mice. In the results of microarray using back skin obtained from animals, we found that S. lappa's properties are closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consistent with the microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed these modulation at the mRNA level in skin tissues from S. lappa-treated mice. Among these genes, PI3Kca and $IL20R{\beta}$ were significantly downregulated by S. lappa treatment in Nc/Nga mouse model. In in vitro experiment using HaCaT cells, we found that the S. lappa components, including alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone significantly decreased the expression of PI3Kca but not $IL20R{\beta}$ in vitro. Therefore, our study suggests that PI3Kca-related signaling is closely related with the protective effects of S. lappa against the development of atopic-dermatitis.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.476-486
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eating habits and control of overeating of obese children on the body weight control program. The program included nutritional education, psychotherapy and physical exercise on weekly session for 9 months. The results of this study were as follows. Participants of the study involved 30 obese children attending elementary school. The average age of the children was 11.78 years, mean height and weight were 146.22cm and 50.61kg. The average BMI and body fat contents were 24.06 and 30.49% respectively and WHR of the children was 0.87. There was a significant difference between boys and girls' BMI(25.18, 23.31, p<0.01). As a result of the eating habits test, 50% of the subjects showed low level of regularity of diet, and 76.7% of the subjects showed high level of balanced diet score. Large portion(83.3%) of the subjects had high level of healthy behavior score. WHR of girls significantly decreased from 0.86 to 0.82(p<0.01) after the body weight control program. There were no significant differences in serum components of the obese children after the program. When regarding the score of eating habits in relation to obesity indices, the WHR significantly decreased(p<0.05) in a group of children with high eating habits score. Also in the group of overeating controls, significantly decreased WHR(p<0.05). In the results of correlation analysis, body weight was positively correlated with BMI(r=0.624), the level of total cholesterol(r=0.5109) and HDL cholesterol(r=0.5088). The score of healthy behavior was positively correlated with height(r=0.5286) and negatively correlated with the level of LDL cholesterol(r=0.3555) and WHR(r=0.4028) These results suggest that the body weight control program must be considerate of the different groups of children with different scores in the eating habits and overeating controls test.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.54-67
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• 2005

This paper provides an evaluation of an optimization-based, multiple-input double-output (MIDO) run-to-run (R2R) control scheme for general semiconductor manufacturing processes. The controller in this research, termed adaptive dual response optimizing controller (ADROC), can serve as a process optimizer as well as a recipe regulator between consecutive runs of wafer fabrication. In evaluation, it is assumed that the equipment model could be appropriately described by a pair of second-order polynomial functions in terms of a set of controllable variables. Of practical relevance is to consider a drifting effect in the equipment model since in common semiconductor practice the process tends to drift due to machine aging and tool wearing. We select a typical application of R2R control to chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) in semiconductor manufacturing in this evaluation, and there are five different CMP process scenarios demonstrated, including mean shift, variance increase, and IMA disturbances. For the controller, ADROC, an on-line estimation technique is implemented in a self-tuning (ST) control manner for the adaptation purpose. Subsequently, an ad hoc global optimization algorithm based on the dual response approach, arising from the response surface methodology (RSM) literature, is used to seek the optimum recipe within the acceptability region for the execution of next run. The main components of ADROC are described and its control performance is assessed. It reveals from the evaluation that ADROC can provide excellent control actions for the MIDO R2R situations even though the process exhibits complicated, nonlinear interaction effects between control variables, and the drifting disturbances.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.211-230
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• 2020

본 연구는 국가연구개발사업 성과로 발생한 최종보고서 기재항목 기준을 마련하여 데이터베이스 품질 향상과 관리 효율성 제고에 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 과학기술정보통신부의 49개 산하기관에서 제출한 최종보고서를 수집하고 기관별 샘플을 선정하였다. 과학기술기본법 시행규칙의 최종보고서·요약서 서식과 대조하여 구성요소와 기재항목을 정립하고, 국가연구개발정보표준과 연계현황을 분석하여 최종보고서의 고유항목을 도출하였다. 기재항목은 중요도에 따라서 주요, 선택으로 구분하고 기재항목의 기입 위치를 제안하였다. 이와 같이 최종보고서 기재항목의 표준화가 진행되면, 데이터베이스 구축 시 메타데이터 추출 자동화와 보고서 메타데이터의 품질 향상을 기대해볼 수 있다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2003

C. destructans는 인삼에서 가장 문제가 되고 있는 뿌리섞음병을 유발하는 매우 중요한 미생물이다. 현재까지 정상적인 인삼포장이나 폐포지에서도 이 병원균의 농도를 조사할 만한 방법이 없어 이를 쉽게 조사함으로서 인삼 예정지 관린시 도움을 줄 수 있는 새로운 방법이 절실이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 nested PCR이란 분자생물학적 방법을 이용하여 효과적으로 매우 낮은 농도의 C. destructans을 검출할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 2개의 universal ITS primers(ITS5F와 ITS4R)을 사 용 하 여 Cylindrocarpon spp.의 rDNA로부터 ITS영역을 증폭하였다. 이어 C. destructans의 specific primer(Nest 1 과 Nest 2)을 사용하여 최적의 PCR조건으로 재증폭시켜 밴드를 확인하였다. 또한 이런 2번의 과정을 4개의 primer를 동시에 사용함으로서 한번에 확인할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였으며 이에 따른 PCR조건도 확립하였다. 따라서 본 방법에 의해서 인삼포장의 토양에서 채취된 매우 낮은 농도의 wild type C. destructans spore로부터 성공적으로 positive band을 확인함으로써 추후 인삼포장의 선정 및 4년생에서 6년까지(홍삼포) 재배기간등의 예측에 활용 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1999

길경의 품질평가 기준으로 활용하고 있는 crude saponin 함량 변화를 밝히고 고품질 약재생산 및 가공을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 생육년수, 부위, 수확시기, 및 건조방법별로 조사포닌 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. Crude saponin 함량은 생육년수가 증가함에 따라 점점 감소하였다. 부위별로는 미부에서 2.74%로 두부 1.65%보다 1.6배 높았으며, 외피가 내심보다 1.8배 높았다. 수확시기별로는 3월과 12월에 수확했을 때가 각각 2.82, 2.74%이었으며 6월과 9월은 각각 2.12, 2.09%이었다. 건조방법별로는 증건했을 때 가 1.65%로 가장 낮았고 양건, 음건, 열풍건 및 원적외선 건조에서는 차이가 없었다.