• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.319-330
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare SYBR Green qPCR, TaqMan, and bacterial selective medium cultures for accurate quantitative analysis of oral microorganisms. Methods: The SYBR Green method is widely used to analyze the total amount of oral microorganisms in oral saliva. However, in this study, MTR-PCR method based on TaqMan method was performed using newly developed primers and probes. In addition, it was designed to confirm the detection agreement of bacteria among bacteria detection method. Results: As a result of MRT-PCR and SYBR Green qPCR analysis, more than 40 times (0.9-362.9 times) bacterium was detected by MRT-PCR. In addition, more bacteria were detected in saliva in the order of MRT-PCR, SYBR Green qPCR, and bacterium culture, and the results of MRB-PCR and SYBR Green qPCR showed the highest agreement. The agreement between the three methods for detecting P. intermedia was similar between 71.4 and 88.6%, but the agreement between MRT-PCR and SYBR Green qPCR was 80% for S. mutans. Among them, the number of total bacteria, P. intermedia and S. mutans bacteria in saliva was higher than that of SYBR Green qPCR method, and bacterium culture method by MRT-PCR method. P. intermedia and S. mutans in saliva were detected by MRT-PCR and MRT-PCR in 88.6% of cases, followed by the SYBR Green qPCR method (80.0%). Conclusions: The SYBR Green qPCR method is the same molecular biology method, but it can not analyze the germs at the same time. Bacterial culturing takes a lot of time if there is no selective culture medium. Therefore, the MRT-PCR method using newly developed primers and probes is considered to be the best method.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2011

It is very difficult to factorize composite number, $n=pq$ to integer factorization, p and q that is almost similar length of digits. Integer factorization algorithms, for the most part, find ($a,b$) that is congruence of squares ($a^2{\equiv}b^2$ (mod $n$)) with using factoring(factor base, B) and get the result, $p=GCD(a-b,n)$, $q=GCD(a+b,n)$ with taking the greatest common divisor of Euclid based on the formula $a^2-b^2=(a-b)(a+b)$. The efficiency of these algorithms hangs on finding ($a,b$) and deciding factor base, B. This paper proposes a efficient algorithm. The proposed algorithm extracts B from integer factorization with 3 digits prime numbers of $n+1$ and decides f, the combination of B. And then it obtains $x$(this is, $a=fxy$, $\sqrt{n}$ < $a$ < $\sqrt{2n}$) from integer factorization of $n-2$ and gets $y=\frac{a}{fx}$, $y_1$={1,3,7,9}. Our algorithm is much more effective in comparison with the conventional Fermat algorithm that sequentially finds $\sqrt{n}$ < $a$.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2000

The quadratic fields generated by $x^2$=ax+1($\alpha\geq$1) are studied. The regulators are relatively small and are known at one. The class numbers are relatively large and easy to compute. We shall find all the values of p, where p=$\alpha^2$+4 is a prime in $\mathbb{Z}$, such that $\mathbb{Q}(\sprt{p})$ has class numbers 1, 3 and 5.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

In order to select the water flooding-tolerant trees among Korean oaks, we cultivated the sapling of 6 deciduous oak species, Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. serrata, under the water flooding treatment and the control, and analysed the growth difference among them. For comparing the growth between treatment and control, we measured 13 morphological and ecological traits, such as leaf Leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot length, stem length, stem diameter, root length, plant length, leaf weight, stem weight, root weight, plant weight. Q. serrata have no growth difference between water flooding treatment and control, but the rest 5 species showed the growth reduction in water flooding treatment. Tolerance of oak species to water flooding was risen in order of Quercus acutissima, Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Thus, among Korean deciduous oaks, it is desirable to plant Q. serrata for flood plain restoration of river.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2001

To investigate the forest structure and to suggest the basic data of forest in the Dongwol Valley, the Gyeryongsan National Park, forty one plots were set up and surveyed. According to the analysis of classification by TWINSPAN, the community was divided by seven groups of Carpinus taxinora(I), Styrax japonica(II), Pinus densiflora A type(III), Quercus acutissima(IV), P. densinora-Q. valiabilis(V), p. densinora B type(Ⅵ) and Q. mongolica community(Ⅶ). The structure of communities were investigated using importance value. The survey results were summarized as follows: 1) the results of annual ring analysis revealed that the age of forest in the Dongwol Valley was about 30~50 years old,2) number of the average species was 15.6$\pm$4.7 and number of average individual was 124.9$\pm$36.4 per a plot(100$\textrm{cm}^2$). From the above results, it was anticipated that C. laxiflora will be climax species instead of Q. spp. and P. densinora.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.94-100
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this study was to ascertain optimal assisted hatching (AH) method in frozen embryo transfer. We compared the effect of depending on whether mechanical or laser-AH was performed before or after the vitrification of embryo development rate and blastocyst cell numbers. Methods: In order to induce superovulation, pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin followed by human chorionic gonadotropin were injected into 4- to 5-week-old female mice. 2-cell embryos were then collected by flushing out the oviducts. The Expanded blastocysts were recovered after the collected embryos were incubated for 48 hours, and were then subjected to artificial shrinkage (AS) and cross-mechanical AH (cMAH) or quarter-laser zona thinning-AH (qLZT-AH) were carried out using the expanded blastocysts before or after vitrification. After 48 hours of incubation, followed by vitrification and thawing (V-T), and blastocysts were fluorescence stained and observed. Results: The rate of formation of hatched blastocysts after 24 and 72 hours of incubation was significantly higher in the AS/qLZT-AH/V-T group than in the other groups (p<0.05). The cell number of the inner cell mass was higher in AS/V-T/non-AH and AS/V-T/cMAH groups than those of others (p<0.05). In the control group, the number of trophectoderm and the total cell number were higher than in the AS-AH group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The above results suggest that AS and AH in vitrification of expanded blastocysts lead to the more efficient formation of hatched blastocysts in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.713-721
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• 1998

The effects of artificial interference on the vegetation landscape in Mt. Nam of Seoul, Korea were clarified by analysing the distribution of vegetation landscape element and the number and size of patch depicted as a vegetation map in terms of landscape ecological principles. The effects of artificial interference on vegetation were also confirmed from the environmental gradient analysis on plant community extended from the lowland to the peak of that mountain. Vegetation landscape elements were divided into plantation and secondary forest in actual vegtation map. The ratio of plantation to secondary forest was higher in the lowland below mid-slope and the southern slope. Most afforested land were occupied by Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus tomentoglandulosa, Pinus rigida, P. koraiensis, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Alnus hirsuta and so on are localy planted. In addition, projects to replace those afforested trees by P. densiflora as a kind of campaign for "Restoration of the one original feature of Mt. Nam" or to replace those tree species by planting young Abies holophylla or P. koraiensis under the mature afforested trees are also carried out in recent years. In cases of secondary forest, the southern slope was dominated by P. densiflora and the northern one by Q. mongolica. But the lowland of the northern slope is dominated by P. densiflora as the same as that in the southern slope. Vegetation landscape elements in Mt. Nam were much simplified comparing with that of suburban area around Seoul. The number of patches, which reflects the degree of diverse artificial interference was more in the lower area than in the upper area and more in the southern slope than in the northern one. On the other hand, the size of patch showed the antagonistic tendency to that of the number of patch. As a result of environmental gradient analysis, vegetation distribution in Mt. Nam was different from that in suburban area around Seoul. For example, Alnus japonica community, Zelkova serrata community, and Carpinus laxiflora community, which is established in mountain comparatively rare in artificial interference disappeared in Mt. Nam. As a result of analysis on vegetational succession in P. densiflora community and Q. mongolica community, both communities showed a tendency of retrogressive succession differently from that in control site located in suburban area around Seoul. In addition, species composition of P. densiflora and Q. mongolica communities in Mt. Nam were also different from those in Mt. Surak located around Seoul. It was interpreted that those results were originated from the environmental pollution and excessive arti ficial interferences.rferences.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.803-810
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• 2000

Let N($d_1,...,{\;}d_n;c_1,...,{\;}c_n$) be the number of solutions $(x_1,...,{\;}x_n){\in}F^{n}_p$ of the diagonal equation $c_lx_1^{d_1}+c_2x_2^{d_2}+{\cdots}+c_nx_n^{d_n}{\;}={\;}0{\;}n{\geq},{\;}c_j{\;}{\in}{\;}F^{*}_q,{\;}j=1,2,...,{\;}n$ where $d_j{\;}>{\;}1{\;}and{\;}d_j{\;}$\mid${\;}q{\;}-{\;}1$ for all j = 1,2,..., n. In this paper, we find all n-tuples ($d_1,...,{\;}d_n$) such that the reduced form of ($d_1,...,{\;}d_n$) and N($d_1,...,{\;}d_n;c_1,...,{\;}c_n$) are the same as in the theorem obtained by Sun Qi [3]. Improving this, we also get an explicit formula for the number of solutions of the diagonal equation, unver a certain natural restriction on the exponents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 1994

This survey was ocnducted to investgate changes of the plant community structure from 1972 to 1993 in forest of Mt. Kwanak and thirty-five plots that the size of each plot was 10m${\times}$10m(100㎡) were set up and the vegetation analysis was caried out. By the TWINSPAN analysis, the plant community of survey area were divied into Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora(1), Q. mongolica-P. densiflora(2), Q. acutissima community. The successional trends of the woody species were seemed to be from P. densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia to Q. mongolica in the canopy layer. But the successional trends in the understory and shrub layer were difficult to suppose. The forest vegetation of Mt. Kwanak from 1972 to 1993 was severely decreased in species number and individuals. The sensitive species for the environmental pollution were selected, and the tolerant plants for the acid soil were increased. In comparision with the DBH class distribution from 1972 to 1993, it shows that the ecological succession has stopped. In the analysis of soil characteristics, soil acidification has taken place over last twenty-two years(from pH=5.40 to pH=4.53). The concentration of K+, Ca++ was severly decreased(from K+=0.60m.e./100g to K+=0.06m.e./100g, from Ca++=3.20m.e./100g to Ca++=0.63m.e./100g), which also could seemed to be cause of plant community decline.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

A memory system with the linear skewing scheme has been regarded as one of suitable memory systems for a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) architecture. The memory system supports simultaneous access n data to m memory modules within various access types with a constant interval in an arbitrary position in two dimensional data array of $M{\times}N$. Although $m{\times}cells$ memory cells are physically required to support logical two dimensional $M{\times}N$ array of data by means of the memory system, at least (m-n)${\times}cells$ memory cells remain in disuse, where cells is (M-1)/q+(N-1)/$p{\times}{\lceil}M/q{\rceil}+1$. On keeping functionalities the memory system supports, $(n{\times}t){\times}N/p$ out of a number of unused memory cells, where t>0, being used as local buffer memories for n processing elements is proposed in this paper.