• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.171-183
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• 1994

Soil condition, total number of bacteria, soil amylase activity and microbial biomass $(CO_2-C)$ were measured at soil of different forest types. And the difference of the allelopathic effect was determined between fresh leaf extract of Quercus acutissima and Pinus rigida to the bacteria isolated from soil of different forest types. 1. Total number of bacteria in Carpinus laxiflora forest soil was 4~7 times larger than that in pinus desiflora forest soil. 2. Soil amylase activity was positively correlated with total number of soil bacteria and soil organic matter content. The amylase activity at F layer was 4~5 times larger than that at H layer, and that at H layer was 2~4 times larger than that at A layer. 3. Seasonal changes of microbial biomass showed a peak in summer, and vertical distribution of microbial biomass decreased with increasing soil depth. The microbial biomass in Pinus densiflora forest soil was larger than that in Quercus serrata forest soil. 4. Fresh leaf extract of Pinus rigida and Quercus acutissima showed an acceleration or inhibition effect on the growth of soil bacteria, and that of !. acutissima inhibited larger number of soil bacterial strains than that of P. rigida. 4.2% and 25% of soil bacterial strains isolated from soil of P. rigida and Q. acutissima forests were inhibited by fresh leaf extract of P. rigida and Q. acutissima, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.261-272
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• 2021

Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used to the treatment of cancer, however, it could cause damage to gastric mucosa. To investigate the protective effects and related mechanisms of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin C (VC) on Dox-induced gastric mucosal injury, we presented the survey of the 4 groups of the rats with different conditions. The results showed Dox treatment significantly induced GES-1 apoptosis, but preconditioning in GES-1 cells with VC or CoQ10 significantly inhibited the Dox-induced decrease and other harm effects, including the expression and of IκKβ, IκBα, NF-κB/p65 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in GES-1 cells. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing results showed Dox treatment increased the number of harmful gut microbes, and CoQ10 and VC treatment inhibited this effect. CoQ10 and VC treatment inhibits Dox-induced gastric mucosal injury by inhibiting the activation of the IkKB/IκBα/NF-κB/p65/TNF-α pathway, promoting anti-inflammatory effects of gastric tissue and regulating the composition of the intestinal flora.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 coenzyme $Q_{10}$을 나노에멀젼화 하기 위해 초고압균질기를 이용하여 3가지 다른 형태의 밸브를 대상으로 평가를 진행하였으며, 선정된 밸브를 사용하여 제조된 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 나노에멀젼의 품질 특성 및 안정성 평가를 하였다. 초고압균질기를 이용한 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 나노에멀젼 제조 시 최적 조건은 150MPa, C 밸브, 통과 횟수 3회이었다. 제조된 나노에멀젼은 평균입자 크기가 40 nm, 제타 전위 값이 -57 mV을 나타내어 콜로이드 상태가 충분히 안정하다고 볼 수 있었다. 또한 수용액에 빠르게 분산되었으며, 이때 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 100 mg을 함유한 증류수100 mL의 투과도 값이 90(%T)로 투명한 용액을 얻을 수 있었다. 제조한 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 나노에멀젼은 $4^{\circ}C$ 및 $25^{\circ}C$에서 12주 동안 보존하여도 침전 또는 부유물을 발생시키지 않았고 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 함량이 변하지 않았으며, 10일간의 동결처리 후에도 안정하였다. pH 2 용액을 제외하고는 pH(4-10) 처리와 열($95^{\circ}C$)처리 및 동결($-20^{\circ}C$)처리 시에도 안정하였다. 따라서 제조된 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 나노에멀젼은 액체 형태 등 다양한 식품에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 확보하였으며, 유통시에는 상온보다는 냉장 보관이 더 적합 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-100
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• 1994

This study was to analyze the relationship between the community or species and environmental variables of the vegetation landscape in Naejangsan National Park. The analysis was performed by the ordination of DCA and CCA. The study was to compare and analyze the species composition status by the layer and the growth characterisics of the following vegetations ; Torreya nucifera community, Quercus variabilis - Acer palmatum community, Q. variabilis community, Q. variabilis - Sasa purpurascens community and Daphniphyllam macropodum community. The results are as follows; 1. The result of the study on the relationshkp between the stand scores of DCA ordination and environmental variables showed that the soil pH, the ammount of AV-P2O5 and the ammount of C.E.C. tend to increase while Pinus densiflora community changes to Q. variabilis - Q. serrata community and finally Carpinus laxiflora species community siginigicantly. The relation between the stand scores of CCA ordination and several enviromental variables suggested that the species of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii the species of Q. cariabilis and Q. serrata the species of C. pisifera, P. densiflora and Q. aliana in sequence grows in more fertile soil. 2. As the result of the analysis of the T. nucifera community showed, reproduction did not increase, and the characteristic of growth was not affected. The result is shown in the growth curve that was damaged by the climate and the human interference. 3. The A. palmatum was found to be as minor species in the middle layer and the crown areas did not have sufficient crown. 4. The result of the analysis of the relationship between Q. variabilis community and Q. variabilis - S. purpurascens community showed a decreasing tendency in the growth and number of species. 5. D. macropodum which constituted the dominance species in the middle layer had a nomal growth curve, and then the successional trend of D. macropodum species seems to be located in the climax species.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.563-570
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• 1987

本 硏究에서는 從來의 RSA 公開키이 暗號方式을 擴張한 새로운 RSA 公開키이 暗號方式을 提案한다. 暗號化의 根本이 되는 法 파라메터 p, q를 擴張하여 秉算回數를 增加시켰다. 그 結果 暗號解讀에 要求되는 計算量이 增加되었으며, 整數論에 基礎를 둔 證明을 通하여 RSA公開키이 暗號의 强度를 改善할 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1049-1067
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• 2019

In this paper, we discuss the number of distinct fuzzy subgroups of the group ${\mathbb{Z}}_{p^n}{\times}{\mathbb{Z}}_{q^m}{\times}{\mathbb{Z}}_r$, m = 1, 2, 3 where p, q, r are distinct primes for any $n{\in}{\mathbb{Z}}^+$ using the criss-cut method that was proposed by Murali and Makamba in their study of distinct fuzzy subgroups. The criss-cut method first establishes all the maximal chains of the subgroups of a group G and then counts the distinct fuzzy subgroups contributed by each chain. In this paper, all the formulae for calculating the number of these distinct fuzzy subgroups are given in polynomial form.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2021

For a locus with two alleles (IA and IB), the frequencies of the alleles are represented by $$p=f(I^A)={\frac{2N_{AA}+N_{AB}}{2N} },\;q=f(I^B)={\frac{2N_{BB}+N_{AB}}{2N}}$$ where NAA, NAB and NBB are the numbers of IA IA, IA IB and IB IB respectively and N is the total number of populations. The frequencies of the genotypes expected are calculated by using p2, 2pq and q2. So in this paper, we consider the method of whether some genotypes is in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium. Also we calculate the probability generating function for the offspring number of genotype produced by a mating of the ith male and jth female under a diploid model of N population with N1 males and N2 females. Finally, we have conditional joint probability generating function of genotype frequencies.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.573-588
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• 2020

본 연구는 공주대학교 학술림(석장리동 일대)을 대상으로 효율적인 경영과 이용 및 관리에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 산림식생구조를 파악하였다. 2019년 8월에 식물사회학적으로 식생조사를 하였으며, 60개소의 방형구를 설정하여 상관식생유형분류와 중요치를 분석하고 현존식생도를 작성하였다. 상관식생유형분류 결과, 상수리나무군락, 소나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 리기다소나무군락, 졸참나무군락으로 구분되었으며, 평균상대중요치는 상수리나무군락에서 상수리나무 31.4%, 벚나무류 9.6%, 굴참나무 9.0% 순으로 나타났으며, 소나무군락은 소나무 24.9%, 상수리나무 12.4%, 졸참나무 11.5% 순으로 나타났다. 굴참나무군락은 굴참나무 25.3%, 벚나무류 9.8%, 상수리나무 8.5% 순으로 나타났으며, 리기다소나무군락은 리기다소나무 28.4%, 상수리나무 10.0%, 소나무 9.3% 순으로 나타났고, 졸참나무군락은 졸참나무 27.0%, 갈참나무 11.8%, 때죽나무 11.5% 순으로 나타났다. 산림식생의 공간분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 상층 우점종에 의해 현존식생도를 작성한 결과, 자연식생이 87.5%로 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 현존식생은 87개의 패치로 구분되었고, 패치당 평균면적은 1.46ha로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.246-252
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• 2010

In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2000

In urban area, urban forests work as an ecological center that mitigates the environmental pollution of the area. In order to maintain the ecological function of a forest, the management method should be established based on ht through investigation of the vegetation structure of the forest. In this study, the vegetation structure of Namsan in Kyungju area was investigated in order to study the ecological value of Namsan and to suggest a desirable management alternative. 21 plots were selected as survey areas. Using the TWINSPAN technique, the forest of Namsan was classified into four communities: Quercus serrata community(I), Castanea crenata-Q. serrata-Q. mongolica community(II), Pinus densiflora community(III) and P. densiflora-P. rigida-Robinia pseudoacacia community(IV). The survey results were summarized by five: 1) the distribution of vegetation showed 2) P. densiflora was the absolutely dominant species in Namsan, 3) number of the average species was 12.6$^{\circ}$$\pm$3.1, 4) number of individual was 131.1$^{\circ}$$\pm$47.8 per a plot(100$m^2$), 5) the results of annual ring analysis revealed that the age of P. densiflora in Namsan was about 3 0$^{\circ}$~60$^{\circ}$years old. From the above results, it was found out that the forest has two problems. One thing is maintenance of P.densiflora against succession, another is artificial forest dispersion. The problems of Namsan forest management will be solved with further studies related.