• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.5C no.5
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• pp.204-210
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• 2005

Alternating current (AC) losses of two Bi-2223 ([Bi, Pb]: Sr: Ca: Cu: O = 2:2:2:3) tapes [(Tape I, un-twist-pitch) and the other with a twist-pitch of 10 mm (Tape II)] were measured and compared. These samples, produced by the powder-in-(Ag) tube (PIT) method, are multi-filamentary. Also, it's produced by non-twist and different twist pitch (8, 10, 13, 30, 50 and 70 mm). The critical current measurement was carried out under the environment in liquid Nitrogen and in zero-field by 4-probe method. Susceptibility measurements were conducted while cooling in a magnetic field. Flux loss measurements were conducted as a function of ramping rate, frequency and field direction. The AC flux loss increases as the twist-pitch of the tapes decreased, in agreement with the Norris Equation. Neutron-diffraction measurements have been carried out investigate the crystal structure, magnetic structures, and magnetic phase transitions in Bi-2223([Bi, Pb]:Sr:Ca:Cu:O)

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 1994

According to spread volume of B(BiPbCuO) layer, composition ratio and each stage of sintering process, we studied stability of high Tc superconductor phase and generation and growth movement of superconducting phase. The dual layer composed of SrCaCuO and BiPbCuO compound were prepared to develop the Bi-2223 superconductor[108K] through interaction and diffusion during sintering process. The dual layer samples were sintered at 830.deg. C for 0-210 hours. From the result, the optimum conditions were : spread volume(A:B=1:0.6), sintering time(210h) and composition ratio(A:S $r_{2}$C $a_{2}$C $u_{2}$- $O_{x}$, B:B $i_{1.9}$P $b_{0.5}$C $u_{3}$ $O_{y}$) at 830.deg. C.. C.C.C.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 1994

Samples of ($Bi_{2-x}Sb_x)PbSr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y$, compositions with x=0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 were prepared by solid-state reaction. The solubility of Sb into the 2223 phase is lower than 0.05 for the ratio of Sb/Bi. The lack of stability of the Sb-substituted $Bi_2O_2$ double layers is likely to cause the solubility low. There is no great dependence of lattice parameters on the Sb-content, and bonds around the square-pyramidal Cu atom are not affected by the $Sb^{3+}$ ion substituted. The superconducting transition temperature of this system is decreased gradually with increase of Sb, which is tentatively attributable to the perturbation of the Bi 6p-O 2p band and/or to the low volume fraction of the 2223 phase.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.15-19
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• 1999

For large scale applications of high temperature superconductor (HTS) such as transmission cables, motors and generators, long length of flexible HTS conductor is required. Currently, Bi-2223 HTS tape is capable of being fabricated in longer than 100 m length by industrial processes. In this study, we fabricated 100 m 19 filamentary Bi-2223 ($Bi_{1.8}Pb_{0.4}Sr_2Ca_2O_{10+x}$) HTS tape by PIT (Power in Tube) process. Critical current(IC) of this long length tape was measured 18.5 A at 77K, self field. Critical current of 100 m length tape was mainly resulted from the increase of inhomogeneity in oxide from the increase of inhomogeneity in oxide layer. Engineering critical current (Je=Ic/total tape cross-section area) that is important factor for practical applications and fabrication cost was measured 2.2 kA/cm2.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.684-691
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• 1996

To enhance the formation of Bi,Sr,Ca,Cu,O,(Bi-2223) single phase in a shorter reaction time, the intermediate compounds such as Bi,Sr,CuO,(Bi-2201). BizSr,CaCuz08(Bi-2212) and (Ca, Sr,, ,9)CuOz in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 system were used as the precursors. The formation of Bi-2223 was enhanced in the mixture of Bi-2201 and (Ca, ,,Sr, 119)C~eOsZpe,c ially from the mixture with (Ca, 9I Sr, ,,)CuO,-rich composition compared to Bi, iPb, 4Sr2Ca,Cu3010-cxo mposition. The formation of Bi- 2223 essentially completed within 60h at 860$^{\circ}$C and 870$^{\circ}$C. However, a small amount of the remnant Bi-2212 phase did not disappear even after a prolonged reaction at 870'C. The merit of the proposed synthetic method using the intermediate precusors can be summarized as a shorter reaction time for the formation of Bi-2223 phase, in addition to a smaller amount of second phases compared to the conventional solid-state reaction method.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2003

The phase transformation, variation of secondary phase, and critical current density $(J_c) for (Bi,Pb)_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_10 (2223)$ tapes have been studied through the thermal slide heat treatment (TSHT) process. This process consists of a multiple variations of oxygen partial pressures and temperatures at the initial heat treatment During the initial heat treatment some secondary phase such as $(Ca,Sr)_2CuO_3(2/1 AEC), (Ca,Sr)_{14}Cu_{24}O_{41} (14/24 AEC), and (Bi,Pb)_2Sr_2CuO_y$(2201, amorphous phase) farm in Bi-2223 tapes, especially at the 2223 grain boundaries. These secondary phases are detrimental to the phase transformation and final properties. In order to control the secondary phase in Bi-2223 tapes the amount and size of secondary phases among the TSHT process were observed. The results indicate that the amount and particle size of AEC particles were smaller when the TSHT process was used than when the normal process at the initial heat treatment was used which results in the improved $J_c$ properties after the final process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.478-481
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• 2002

We carried out the experiments for fabricating $Bi_{2}Sr_{2}Ca_{2}Cu_{3}O_{x}$(Bi2223) superconductor thick films on Cu tapes. Cu-free (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-0 powder mixtures were screen- printed on Cu tapes and heat-treated at 840-$860^{\circ}C$ for several minutes in air. Surface microstructures and phases of films were analyzed by XRD and optical microscope. The electric properties of superconducting films were examined by the four probe method. At heat-treatment temperature, the printing layers were in a partially molten state by liquid reaction between CuO in the oxidized copper tape and the precursors which were printed on Cu tapes. During the heat-treatment procedure, it is thought that Bi2223 superconducting particles nucleate at interfaces between Bi2212 phase and liquid.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.24-24
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• 2003

고온초전도 BSCCO 2223 ((Bi, Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O/sub x/) 선재의 특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 반복적인 인발 및 압연과정을 통한 texturing향상, BSCCO 2223입자의 배향성 증대, 피복재내 초전도체의 충진율(밀도)향상, 이차상의 부피분율 감소등이 이루어져야 한다. 최적 열처리 조건을 통하여 열처리 시에 형성되는 이차상인 (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂CuO/sub y/ (2201, amorphous phase)를 조절하면서, (Ca,Sr)₂CuO₃ (2/1 AEC), (Ca,Sr)/sub 14/Cu/sub 24/O/sub 41/ (14/24 AEC)와 같은 이차상들의 부피분율 및 크기를 감소시켜야만 한다. 본 실험에서는 BSCCO 2223 선재의 특성을 향상시킬수 있는 최적의 열처리 조건 확립 및 기계적 공정시 나타나는 여러 가지 문제점을 개선하여 높은 임계전류를 가지는 선재의 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 최종적으로 제조된 선재는 2223상 결정이 피복재(Ag)와 평행하게 길게 성장하며, AEC상의 크기와 부피분율이 감소할수록 더 높은 임계전류특성을 나타내었다(I/sub c/～70A, J/sub c/～42,000 A/㎠). 또한 이 선재에서 나타나는 여러 가지 이차상들을 분석하기 위하여 XRD, SEM, EDS 분석을 행하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 1999.02a
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• pp.10-13
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• 1999

For large scale applications of high temperature superconductor(HTS) such as transmission cables, motors and generators, long length of flexible HTS conductors is required. Currently, HTS tape that is capable of being fabricated in long length by industrial processes is the Bi-2223 HTS tape. In this study, we fabricated 19 filamentary Bi-2223($Bi_{1.8}$$Pb_{0.4}$$Sr_{2}$$Ca_{2}$$Cu_{3}$$O_{10+X}$) HTS tape with 100m length by PIT(Powder In Tube) process. Critical current(Ic) of this long length tape was measured 18.5 A at 77 K, self field and short sample Ic is 32.5 A at the same condition. Critical current of 100m length tape was decreased by about 1/3 compared to that of short tape. This was mainly resulted from the increase of non homogeneity in oxide layer.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 1997

The effects of the particle size of precursor powder on the microstructure and Jc of Ag-sheathed Ri-2223 tapes were investigated. The calcined powder with overall composition of $Bi_{1-89}Pb_{0-41}Sr_{2-01}Ca_{2-23}Cu_{3-03}O_{y}$ was milled for various times using planetary ball mill. The transport property of the tapes were found to depend strongly on the particle size of the precursor powder Enhanced reactivity of the milled powder facilitated the formation of 2223 phase and resulted in an increase of Jc. Excessive milling, however, led to the amorphisation of the powder and degraded the electrical property of the tapes.