• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.83-88
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• 2016

Over the last five years, 568 people have died while hiking according to 2015 statistics from the public safety ministry. Among those deaths, approximately 33% were due to loss of footing or falling. In this respect, the highly advanced functions of hiking boots should be considered to prevent these unfortunate accidents. For example, by utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and Information and Communications Technology (ICT), hiking boots equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) or vital signs monitoring systems should be considered. In addition, many challenges remain for the production of 3D printed hiking boots, because the functions of hiking boots are variable, which is important when handling changing terrains and situations. The design of customized hiking boots was introduced in this paper, and 3D printing applications for midsoles using a Porous Polymer Printing (PPP) method was also suggested to verify the possibility of manufacturing hiking boots.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 1995

소 체외수정란에 있어서 pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)를 연구하기 위해서, 한개의 체외수정란으로부터 glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)의 활성을 효소증폭방법으로 측정하였다. Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) 기질을 처리하지 않은 2, 4, 8세포기, 상실배 및 배반포기 수정란에서의 G6PDH 활성치는 각각 $25.5{\pm}3.3$, $27.8{\pm}3.4$, $40.9{\pm}6.2$, $34.9{\pm}3.6$ 및 $52.9{\pm}2.5{\times}10^{-8}mol/embryo/h$ 을 나타내었다. 즉, 8 세포기 이후 수정란들은 2 세포기나 4 세포기보다도 높은 효소활성치를 보여주었다 (P<0.01). 그리고 G6P 기질을 첨가한 2,4,8 세포기, 상실배기 및 배반포기 수정란의 G6PDH 활성치는 각각 $32.3{\pm}3.9$, $29.4{\pm}1.8$, $51.9{\pm}4.2$, $42.6{\pm}2.7$ 및 $52.9{\pm}2.5{\times}10^{-8}mol/embryo/h$ 로서 기질 무처리구와 마찬가지로 유의성이 인정되었다 (P<0.01). 전반적으로 수정란의 발달단계에 있어서 G6P 첨가한 수정란들에 G6PDH의 효소활성치가 기질을 처리하지 수정란들의 것보다도 높은 경향을 보였다. 한편, 소 체외수정란의 G6PDH 효소활성치와 발생능과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여, 4 세포기 수정란들을 효소활성치의 정량적 수준 (low, middle, high)에 따라 3 군으로 분류한 다음 $38.5^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$에서 5일간 난구세포들과 공동배양을 실시하였다. 그 결과, G6PDH 효소활성치 차이에 따른 수정란들의 체외발달율에는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 소 체외수정란에 있어서 PPP 대사는 8세포기 이후부터 활발히 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 1995

1, 4-Diketo-3, 6-diphenyl-pyrrolo-[3, 4c]-pyrrole(abbriviated DPP) is a new heterocyclic pigment of red color whose chlorinated derivative is now on the market. DDP was synthesized from benzonitrile and diethylsuccinate. Pariser-parr-pople(PPP) molecular orbital calculations have been carried out on the DPP in other to study spectroscopically the DPP chromophore on deprotonation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

Health care service's added value and sustainability has been formed, through the product developing about sports equipment and special equipment for disabled in order to improve the life quality, with the increasing population of elderly and the attention about health care. This research's design and 3 testing sections has been done according to design process for design development of functional bike. 1st test is done through researching from 4 aspects: structure, aesthetic, function and using. In the 2nd testing, 10 universal design items were used to evaluate 10 modeling samples, and sample F which has high evaluation overall was chosen. In 3rd test, evaluation was done from the user service scene about the mock-up with 1/4 scale size. PPP (product performance program) which is constructed with 60 evaluation items about functional bike's service was tested, and these items were fixed through discussing with experts. Through the result we knew the aesthetic elements had relationship with proportion, unity and typicality. In 10 items (55 survey items), the scores of items with physical exposure's minimization, simple and intuitively usage showed high, on the contrary, the other items' scores was very low, such as information delivery's consideration and thought, failure preventing. The evaluation will be done once more by health care experts, designers and elderly together if the physical model could be made for getting accurate measurement about above test result in the future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

Most of the maritime accidents are the crash that occurred by complex coastal terrain, increased maritime traffic and frequent weather changes. Therefore, transportation safety is exactly determined using accurate environmental informations, but if informations are inaccurate or insufficient, accident risk can be increased. Therefore, ship need the system that can accurately generate transportation safety information. This paper proposes the transportation safety system and performance evaluation in the real environment. The proposed system includes database of environment informations and navigation algorithm using PPP method to estimate the accurate ship position. Therefore, this system can accurately calculate distance or freeboard between ship with other factors. Futhermore, when weather is deteriorated, crew can sail with database based 3-D monitoring module in the transportation safety system. To verify the function and performance, data of Kyungin ARA waterway and ferry is used to evaluation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2016

In 2015, Summits of State and Government at United Nations General Assembly agreed to set the world on a path towards Sustainable Development(SD) through the adoption of the 2030 Agenda. 2030 Agenda adopts 17 Sustainable Development Gooals(SDG) to achieve 3 pillars of social security, economic efficiency and environmental integrity. Sustainable Development Indicators(SDI) which are suggested by UN SDSN(United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network), have been developed for measuring SDG implementation, by which Sustainability Assessment(SA) can be accomplished to check through more holistic approaches to poverty alleviation, social inclusion and environmental management. In Korea, Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment(SEIA) has been applied to PPP(policy, plan, program) by 'Ministry of Environment', whereas 'National Land Planning Assessment(NLPA) which is one sort of SEA has been implemented to evaluate PPP of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport'. Although SEIA and NLPA have been utilized as decision-making support tools for stakeholders including high authorities, the reference criteria of these institutions are not considered as convincible and communicable. Evaluation criteria of alternatives which are core principles for SEIA and NLPA seem so ambiguous and unscientific. Through incorporation of SDI into SEIA, a convenient, quick and credible diagnosis of the key dimensions of SD comprising social equity, economic development and environmental management, can help develop a shared understanding of priorities of implementation of SDG.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.131-141
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• 2014

Over the last decade, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been increasingly utilized as a meteorological research tool. The Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has also been developing a near real-time GNSS precipitable water vapor (PWV) information management system that can produce a precise PWV for the Korean Peninsula region using GNSS data processing and meteorological measurements. The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether the precise point positioning (PPP) strategy will be used as the new data processing strategy of the GNSS-PWV information management system. For this purpose, quality assessment has been performed by means of a comparative analysis of the troposphere zenith total delay (ZTD) estimates from KASI PPP solutions (KPS), KASI network solutions (KNS), and International GNSS Service (IGS) final troposphere products (IFTP) for ten permanent GNSS stations in the Korean Peninsula. The assessment consists largely of two steps: First, the troposphere ZTD of the KNS are compared to those of the IFTP for only DAEJ and SUWN, in which the IFTP are used as the reference. Second, the KPS are compared to the KNS for all ten GNSS stations. In this step, the KNS are used as a new reference rather than the IFTP, because it was proved in the previous step that the KNS can be a suitable reference. As a result, it was found that the ZTD values from both the KPS and the KNS followed the same overall pattern, with an RMS of 5.36 mm. When the average RMS was converted into an error of GNSS-PWV by considering the typical ratio of zenith wet delay and PWV, the GNSS-PWV error met the requirement for PWV accuracy in this application. Therefore, the PPP strategy can be used as a new data processing strategy in the near real-time GNSS-PWV information management system.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2009

Objectives : Serum and plasma BDNF levels have been shown to be decreased in patients with mood disorder such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. We investigated whether platelet BDNF levels would be lower in patients with acute bipolar manic episode compared with those of normal controls. Methods : BDNF levels were examined in platelet-rich plasma(PRP) and platelet-poor plasma(PPP) in 20 healthy controls and 20 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed as bipolar I disorder, most recent episode manic using a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. And severity of manic symptoms was measured using Young Mania Rating Scale(YMRS). Platelet BDNF level was calculated by subtracting PPP BDNF from PRP BDNF level, and dividing the result by the total platelet count, and it was expressed as pg/$10^6$ platelet. Results : Platelet BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with acute bipolar manic episode(4.55${\pm}$3.36pg/$10^6$ platelet) than in normal controls(6.84${\pm}$2.32pg/$10^6$ platelet)(p=0.008). However we failed to reveal the significant negative correlation between platelet BDNF levels and YMRS scores in patients with acute bipolar episode. Conclusion : Our finding suggests that there is a decrease in the platelet BDNF of patients with acute bipolar manic episode.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.740-748
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• 2017

In this paper, we compared performance of conventional inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging methods for maritime target with real data measured by X-band radar. Following conventional approaches were used for performance comparisons: 1) range instantaneous Doppler(RID) method, 2) range Doppler(RD) processing with phase adjustment, and 3) RD processing with prominent point processing(PPP). It is noteworthy that the comparison results have significance of providing basic concept to establish ISAR imaging frame work for maritime targets.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.247-279
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• 2017

Korean firms are faced with the necessity of creating new markets in 21st century. Korean economy has witnessed the accelerated growth rate of trade volume during the period from the latter part of 20th century to the early part of 21st century. In recent times, Korean export volumes have been stagnated. For the second take off, Korea has to create a new ASEAN BOP market. In order to penetrate into the ASEAN BOP Market, it is necessary for exporting firms to have a partnership with ASEAN countries via ODA. In particular, Public-Private Partnership(PPP) might be seen as an effective tool to access the BOP market in ASEAN region. The international development cooperation based on PPP will establish the humanitarian values as well as economic values through the combined effort of government and business enterprises. This study suggests four kinds of business model to have a mutual cooperation between Korean firms and ASEAN markets.