• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 1998

The beeswax sample was collected from the beehives, isolated and then refined. The first step of producing beeswax was to separate honey from beehives. The beehives which were cut put in hot water. The upper layer was crude beeswax, which was treated with phosphoric acid. The crude beeswax was purified through the bleaching. The objectives of this study are to identify headspace volatile compounds and to know the contents of ${\alpha}$-carotenes and ${\beta}$-carotenes of korean beeswax. Headspace volatile compounds of Korean beeswax were measured by using the combination of dynamic headspace sampler (DS 5000, Donam System Inc.), gas chromatography and mass selective detector (HP5890 & 5971, Hewlett Packard). Seventy five compounds identified from about 100 peaks by analyzing the purified beeswax were 60 hydrocarbons, 8 carbonyls, 4 essential oils, 3 esters. Carotenes of Korean beeswax were analyzed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Waters Inc.). As A result, the content of ${\alpha}$-carotenes and ${\beta}$-carotenes were 0.07ppm, 0.011ppm individually.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.501-509
• /
• 2013

포름알데히드는 주로 산업용으로 사용되는 독성이 강한 물질로서 생체에 노출 시 염증, 산화적 스트레스, 알레르기 반응, 나아가서 암을 유발하게 된다. 불가사리에서 추출되는 saponin은 sulphated sterol glycosides 등으로서 인삼 saponin (ginsenoside)들과 화학적 구조가 비슷하여 항균 및 세포독성을 비롯한 미생물을 괴사시키는 기능을 가지고 있음이 보고되었다. 또한 손상된 불가사리의 조직에는 염증성 사이토카인이 발현되는데 TGF-${\beta}$의 증가로 손상 받은 부위를 빠르게 치료, 재생하게 된다. 본 실험은 조직손상 후 8일 된 불가사리 추출물과 포름알데히드를 IMR-90에 처리했을 때와 포름알데히드에 노출시킨 ICR 마우스에 불가사리 추출물을 흡입시켰을 때 염증성 폐 손상의 방어 및 치료에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 포름알데히드에 노출된 IMR-90에 조직손상 후 8일이 경과한 불가사리 추출물을 처리한 결과, 세포의 유의한 증식을 보였으며 염증 조절에 영향을 주는 TNF-${\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현억제 및 $I{\kappa}-B{\alpha}$의 합성을 촉진시켰다. 포름알데히드에 노출된 ICR 마우스에 조직손상 후 8일이 경과한 불가사리 추출물을 처리한 군에서 체중의 증가, 항산화 효소의 증가, 지질과산화 작용의 감소, surfactant protein A의 증가, TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현억제, $I{\kappa}-B{\alpha}$ 발현의 증가와 조직재생에 우수한 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 포름알데히드로 인한 세포 및 폐 손상을 불가사리 추출물의 항염증 작용을 통하여 억제하거나 완화시킴을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.253-258
• /
• 1998

개발이 허용된 지역이라도 개발로 인해 발생되는 기존의 환경파괴에 대해 외국의 경우 보상계획을 통한 개발 계획을 수립하는 것이 보통이다. 그러나 국내의 경우 개발지역내의 환경계획은 주로 개발용도에 따른 법적 테두리안에서 녹지면적을 채우는 것으로 일관하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대학 프로젝트의 한 사례를 중심으로 대상지의 환경을 Hemeroby등급을 이용하여 평가하고 파괴에 따른 보상계획을 제시하였다. 대상지는 수원시 권선구 금곡동에 계획된 대단위 아파트단지 개발지구이다. 우선적으로 개발전의 대상지를 Hemeroby등급으로 평가한 후 아파트단지 개발안, 즉 LG빌리지안을 Hemeroby등급으로 비교평가하여 LG빌리지안에서 보상되지 않은 기존 환경 파괴에 따른 보상안을 양적인 측면에서 산출하였다. 산출근거는 개발전의 대상지는 $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby가 전체의 80.1%였는데 LG개발안은 $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby가 43.7%로 낮아지면서 meta-hemeroby가 개발전 17%에서 56.3%로 증가하였으므로 보상안은 LG개발안의 건축물을 수용하되, $\beta$-/$\alpha$-euhemeroby비율을 올릴 수 있는 보상계획, 즉 하천복원, 지상주차장의 녹화, 옥상녹화 및 절토면의 녹화 등을 제안하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.3066-3073
• /
• 2009

3축 파이프 형상절단기에서 다양한 접합형상에 대하여 모관과 지관의 접합궤적을 수학적으로 유도하였다. 그 접합궤적에 절단폭 등의 공구 보정하여 실제로 가공할 절단궤적을 결정하여 이 공구궤적에 해당하는 CL-data를 생성하고, 또한 공구 궤적을 확인하기 위하여 ghost 기능을 구현하였다. 생성된 CL data를 PLC의 위치결정제어 모듈에 로딩하여 동시 3축($\alpha$, X, $\beta$축)의 이송을 제어하여 경로를 따라서 형상절단과 동시에 개선을 할 수 있도록 동시3축 파이프 형상절단 시스템을 개발하였다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.435-457
• /
• 2013

Using the Lukasiewicz 3-valued implication operator, the notion of an (${\alpha},{\beta}$)-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of a hemiring is introduced, where ${\alpha},{\beta}{\in}\{{\in},q,{\in}{\wedge}q,{\in}{\vee}q\}$. We define intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds ($s,t$) of a hemiring R and investigate their various properties. We characterize intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds ($s,t$) and (${\alpha},{\beta}$)-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of a hemiring R by its level sets. We establish that an intuitionistic fuzzy set A of a hemiring R is a (${\in},{\in}$) (or (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q$) or (${\in}{\wedge}q,{\in}$)-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of R if and only if A is an intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds (0, 1) (or (0, 0.5) or (0.5, 1)) of R respectively. It is also shown that A is a (${\in},{\in}$) (or (${\in},{\in}{\vee}q$) or (${\in}{\wedge}q,{\in}$))-intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal if and only if for any $p{\in}$ (0, 1] (or $p{\in}$ (0, 0.5] or $p{\in}$ (0.5, 1] ), $A_p$ is a fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal. Finally, we prove that an intuitionistic fuzzy set A of a hemiring R is an intuitionistic fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal with thresholds ($s,t$) of R if and only if for any $p{\in}(s,t]$, the cut set $A_p$ is a fuzzy left (right) $h$-ideal of R.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2002

As the emission regulations on the automobiles have been increasingly stringent, precise control of air/fuel ration is one of the most important issues on the gasoline engines. Although many researches have been carried out to identify the fuel transport phenomena in the port fuel injection gasolines, mixture preparation in the cylinder has not been fully understood due to the complexity of fuel film behavior, In this paper, the mixture preparation during cold engine start is studied by using a Fast Response Flame ionization Detector.(FRFID) In order to estimate the transportation of injected fuel from the intake port into cylinder, the wall wetting fuel model was used. The two coefficient($\alpha$,$\beta$) of the wall-wetting fuel model was determined from the measured fuel mass that was inducted into the cylinder at the first cycle after injection cut-in. $\alpha$( ratio of directly inducted fuel mass into cylinder from injected fuel mass) and $\beta$ (ratio of indirectly inducted fuel mass into cylinder from wall wetted fuel film on the wall) was increased with increasing cooling water temperature. To reduce a air/fuel ratio fluctuation during cold engine start, the appropriate fuel injection rate was obtained from the wall wetting fuel model. Result of air/fuel ratio control, air/fuel excursion was reduced.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate effect of evodiae fructus on acute reflux esophigitis rat induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Methods : Twenty-four laboratory rats were divided four groups and each group had six rats ; normal intact group, acute reflux esophagitis (RE) control group, two experiment RE group treated extract of evodiae fructus 600 mg/kg (EEF600) and 300 mg/kg (EEF300). All rats was fasted for 18 hr but free water, we induced RE by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. Intact group and RE control group rats were orally administered a distilled water and two experiment groups were orally administed with EEF 600 mg/5ml/kg and 300 mg/5ml/kg. One hour after, rats were anesthetized, intact group was cut the abdomen open and sutured with 2.0 silk thread. RE control group and EEF group were cut the abdomen open, ligated pyloric canal and forestomach with 2.0 silk thread and sutured. Six hour after the operation, rats were sacrified, collected bloods in the abdominal vein, disectted a esophagus and stomach. The stomach was washed a 1 ml PBS and the esophagus was cut longitudinally and pictured a innter mucosa area to research damages in esophagus. Results : The esophagic tissue damage percentage of reflux esophagitis rat was increased compared to that of normal intact group. But esophagic damage percentage of EEF 600 were significantly decreased compared to that of RE control group. But there was no difference on gastric juice pH between control RE, alpha-tocopherol administration rat group and EEF administration rat group. In esophagus of RE control rat, gastric damage occurred severely and injury percentage of mucosa were increased, but EEF 600 mucous inflammatory damage percentage was significantly compared to that of RE control group. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in serum on RE control group were markedly grew than those of intact rat, those of vechicle group treated with EEF 600 and EEF 300 were remarkably decreased compared to production of proinflammatory cytokine of RE control group. In microscopic observation, intact group rat had no hyperemia, mucous injury and exclusion, ulcer and edema. But it could showed mucosa damages, submucosa edema and ulcer in RE control. However, administration of EEF 600 and EEF 300 made esophagus have less inflammation and injury by gastric acid. Conclusions : The results suggest that antiinflammatory Effect of EEF could attenuate the severity of reflux esophagitis and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.734-741
• /
• 2016

Lily (Lilium davidii) is a high-yielding flowering plant. Besides roses and chrysanthemums, lily bulbs have long been used as food and in oriental medicine. However, the usage and value of cut lily bulbs has not been recognized. A bulb whose yield has been decreased is called a waste bulb, and a large amount of such bulbs is discarded every year. In this study, the functionality of waste bulbs from cut lilies was investigated to explore their potential use as a value-added product. We divided lily bulbs into two groups, one group with six varieties of new bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Le Reve, and Morning Star) used for cultivation and the other group with six varieties of waste bulbs (Medusa, Siberia, Woori Tower, Yelloween, Sorbonne, and Sheila). Physiological activities (${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH) and 3-ethlbenzthiazolne-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capability and tyrosinase inhibiting activity), the amount of total as well as eight individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, rutin hydrate, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-${\beta}$-rutinoside, phloridzin dihydrate, myricetin, and quercetin), and total flavonoid content were measured in the bulbs by high performance liquid chromatography. We detected high amounts of total phenol and total flavonoid as well as high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. More tyrosinase inhibiting activity was detected in the new bulbs than in the waste bulbs. However, both the new and waste bulbs showed a higher inhibitory activity than the standard (100 ppm ascorbic acid). Although the content of phenolic compounds differed among varieties, under the conditions of the experiment, the most abundant phenolics were epicatechins, followed by chlorogenic acid, and rutins. Overall, the waste bulbs had a higher content of these compounds than the new bulbs. Based on these results, we concluded that bulbs from cut lilies could be used as functional foods in the future and farmers could expect economic gain from the hitherto neglected waste bulbs.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.552-556
• /
• 1994

유자쥬스제조시 기초자료로 활용하고자 착즙방법에 따른 유자 착즙액의 특성 및 향기성분을 조사하였다. 부위별 비율은 과육이 39.4%, 과피부분은 43.9%, 종자는 16.7%를 차지하였다. 유자의 중량에 따른 착즙액의 수율은 120g까지 증가하였으나 121g 이상에서는 증가하지 않았다. 원심분리식 착즙방법과 유자를 횡으로 1/2로 절단하여 압착하는 방법을 이용하여 얻어지는 착즙액의 특성중 산도와 투과도는 원심분리식보다 압착식이 높았으며, pH, Brix, 펄프, oil성부상물, 아미노태질소와 수율은 원심분리식이 압착식보다 높았다. 유자착즙액의 유리당은 포도당, 과당, 설탕으로 원심분리식 착즙액이 압착식 착즙액 보다 유리당 함량이 약 2배 높았다. 압착식 착즙액의 경우 총수중기 증류물중 주요향기성분은 dl-limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene\;{\beta}-farnesene$, sabinene, linalool, ${\beta}-myrcene$, terpinolene이었고, 원심분리식 착즙액의 경우 dl-limonene, ${\gamma}-terpinene$, sabinene ${\beta}-myrcene,\;{\alpha}-pinene$, linalool, terpinolene이었다. 이중 dl-limonene과 ${\gamma}-terpinene$이 전체 향기성분의 $73{\sim}83%$를 차지하였다. dl-limonene은 원심분리식이 인착식보다 약 6% 정도 높았으나, ${\beta}-farnesene$은 원심분리식 착즙액에는 소량 존재하나 압착식 착즙액에는 약 7% 존재하였다. 따라서 착즙방법에 따라 유자의 화학성분 및 주요향기 성분이 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2003

In this paper, the fuel transport characteristics during transient condition was studied by using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The quantitative measurement method for the inducted fuel mass into cylinder is studied. The inducted fuel mass into the cylinder was estimated by using calculated air-fuel ratio by hydrocarbon concentration of cylinder and air flow model. In order to estimate the transportation of injected fuel from the intake port into cylinder, the wall wetting fuel model was used. The two coefficient $\alpha$,$\beta$) of the wall-wetting fuel model was determined from the measured fuel mass that was inducted into the cylinder at the first cycle after injection cut-off To reduce an air/fuel ratio fluctuation during rapid throttle opening, the appropriate fuel injection rate was obtain from the wall wetting model with empirical coefficients. Result of air/fuel ratio control, air/fuel excursion was reduced.