• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.185-219
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• 2009

This article aims to illuminate the comic characters and their humor in Dickens's novel David Copperfield in Bakhtinian point, and to clarify what the humorous characteristics are, and how they contribute to his reinforcement of socially critical messages in this novel. So far this novel has been called the only one of Dickens's comic novels, even though it includes lots of social critical meanings. But it is true that Dickensian critics couldn't make sure of the clear reasons why it is both very interesting and critical. Furthermore, it is also true that this novel has been criticized as a clumsy one in the realistic, psycho-analytic, dramatic angle. This approach to Dickensian comic characters through Bakhtinian fool, clown, and rogue concepts here could make up for or correct such criticisms, and reevaluate Dickens's humor and social criticisms in the context of general public culture. Bakhtin believes oppression by social ideologies prevent us from having good mutual relationships and divides our society. He thinks laughter liberates us from such oppression and restores our good relationships. As he applied his concepts based on the laughter of Middle Ages to Rabelais's novels, and examined what the authentically liberating power in Rabelais's laughter is, this article could clarify the liberating power of laughter by Dickens's comic characters, such as Mr and Mrs Micawber, Dick, Miss Betsey Trotwood and Miss Mowcher. In this novel, they often lead comic happenings, and such happenings are very similar to carnival-amusements including burning the dummy of the czar who has oppressed his or her citizenry. Especially, Dickens's comic characters's social criticisms, in the case of this novel, contain many complaints of social marginers, even though he has been labelled as being conservative politically. They always criticize the ideological absurdities in their society through the humorous words and behaviors in their comic happenings, like those of a carnival fool or clown in his or her amusements. This shows Dickens achieves both laughter and social criticism in David Copperfield by using Rabelaisian characterization-devices based on his general public culture. Like Bakhtin and Rabelais, Dickens seems to have believed that when we all truly liberate ourselves from the oppression of social ideologies, we can have desirable relationships between ourselves, and also solve social problems positively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.56-58
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• 2000

Post-genomics may be defined in different ways depending on how one views the challenges after the genome. A popular view is to follow the concept of the central dogma in molecular biology, namely from genome to transcriptome to proteome. Projects are going on to analyze gene expression profiles both at the mRNA and protein levels and to catalog protein 3D structure families, which will no doubt help the understanding of information in the genome. However complete, such catalogs of genes, RNAs, and proteins only tell us about the building blocks of life. They do not tell us much about the wiring (interaction) of building blocks, which is essential for uncovering systemic functional behaviors of the cell or the organism. Thus, an alternative view of post-genomics is to go up from the molecular level to the cellular level, and to understand, what I call, the "interactome"or a complete picture of molecular interactions in the cell. KEGG (http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/) is our attempt to computerize current knowledge on various cellular processes as a collection of "generalized"protein-protein interaction networks, to develop new graph-based algorithms for predicting such networks from the genome information, and to actually reconstruct the interactomes for all the completely sequenced genomes and some partial genomes. During the reconstruction process, it becomes readily apparent that certain pathways and molecular complexes are present or absent in each organism, indicating modular structures of the interactome. In addition, the reconstruction uncovers missing components in an otherwise complete pathway or complex, which may result from misannotation of the genome or misrepresentation of the KEGG pathway. When combined with additional experimental data on protein-protein interactions, such as by yeast two-hybrid systems, the reconstruction possibly uncovers unknown partners for a particular pathway or complex. Thus, the reconstruction is tightly coupled with the annotation of individual genes, which is maintained in the GENES database in KEGG. We are also trying to expand our literature surrey to include in the GENES database most up-to-date information about gene functions.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.94-99
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• 2002

The traffic policy of a city in Korea has brought to many traffic problems by putting emphasis on the only side of mobility in the past that the personal transportation was put first in importance more than the public transportation. As the result of this policy, in the process that the traffic policy of large cities in Korea changes into accessibility, it is shown for re-lighting up the development of the public transportation to be going to be able to get many suggestions in searching for the desirable developing direction of the new means of transportation that will arrive at Korea in the future. Especially, compared with the policy of U.S.A. on the traffic plan that has concentrated on the road and the vehicle, and that of Europe that has put first in the walking and the public transportation system, it is considered as an important thing that the lesson is given to us about what is important for the desirable city development. Transportation can be divided into four; a railroad transportation. a road transportation, a marine transportation, and an aerial transportation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2009

In this paper, we suggest how to adapt RFID system to train switching process, and then what we get the merit or problem. We analyze the train switching process to adapt RFID system on the process and have field test. The role of RFID system in train switching process is to automatically read car position information. The specification of the test system is 900MHz, and Gen2 passive tag. If we get the system which automatically read car position information in train switching yard, it prevents human errors and makes more reliability, the performance of train operation will grow up. Even though the environment of train switching yard is outdoors, the test result gives us the ability to adapt RFID system to train switching process and the process will be more simple.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.155-179
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• 2013

Is the history of surgery an independent field of research into Chinese medicine? The historical sources are fragmentary, scattered, and riddled with fantastical descriptions. To unlock the references made in sixteenth-century texts to the use of silk thread to stitch up damaged tracheas, which are taken to be factual, the author of this article proposes a research method he calls "investigating precedents." Every independent reference to this kind of surgery must be dealt with separately. We cannot assume, a priori, that a reference to what must have been a very sophisticated procedure is either a far-fetched interpretation or a fabrication, nor should we evaluate it according to modern surgical criteria. Apart from extraordinary cases, we have no records of other types of surgery in the history of Chinese medicine, therefore we must find a method that allows us to investigate these records on their own terms.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.403-428
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• 2010

This research is about global investment for managing the important position, what Korea is doing in World's main market. Considering there are some differences between developed countries' model and developing countries' model in doing direct overseas investment, they target to get political agreement and develop the new invest plan and strategy by understanding changes of Korean manufacturing companies in direct overseas investment between 2001 and 2008 and analyzing the change of yearly investment motivation. The result from this result let us know that company should develop their own idea for their competitive advantage by doing direct overseas investment. And, the overseas investment, which was already done in other countries, 1. Review its realities and tendency in terms of investing countries, industries, and its scale and then Set up an actual model, based on strategic combination of investing location select and determination of Korean manufacturing companies. 2. Analyze how the situational factors have influenced and what factors would be considered for direct overseas investment. From the analyzing result, even though it is fairly true that raising wage and getting resources, and developing alternating industries for export had influenced at the beginning, overseas investing companies' policy will be influenced by the results from studying marketing-pursuit type, local producing and manufacturing by using low-wage people for local sale, and situation for changing investing tendency as service industry.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2001

Pu-lei is a well-known translator in Chinese literature. He had delivered his experience, knowledge and paternal love to his son who was studying abroad, by hundreds of letters from 1954 to 1966. These letters are appreciated as the perfect expression for paternal love and concerns. Although he had experienced both cultures of the West and the East, his lessons for son are rooted in the oriental‘sprit training’. What he emphasized in his letters is that one should put sound personality first than merely enhancing abilities. Especially, he valued the recreation from meditation and living up to one's belief. Furthermore, he had taught his son to observe the properties, to manage time, and pride of his country and patriotism. The modern family education has overlooked the enhancement of human nature. The egoistic and jaundiced parental love and over-protectiveness led the disorder and the absence of morality today. In this point, the lessons from Pu-lei's letter will give us important suggestions.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.56.2-56.2
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• 2013

Compact binaries are important sources of gravitational waves. They are also prime targets for long baseline laser interferometers. In this talk, we present latest progresses made in the Galactic merger rate calculations for compact binaries in the Galactic disk, with an emphasis on NS-NS binaries. For the first time, the non-recycled pulsar found in the Double Pulsar system (PSR J0737-3039B) is included in the rate calculation. We then discuss the prospects of detecting gravitational waves for Earth-based detectors such as advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) in US and advanced Virgo in Europe, extrapolating the Galactic rate estimates up to the detection volume of the advanced LIGO-Virgo network, Our results support the expectation that gravitational waves emitted from compact binary mergers will be detected within a decade. However, the detection rate of gravitational waves associated with NS-NS mergers is most likely to be several per year that is much smaller than what has been previously known.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.603-610
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to survey the current awareness of local officials and to give a proposal that can establish the meaningful directions for the forest landscape policy. The data for this study was collected with questionnaires. Total 232 questionnaires were launched and valid 105 questionnaires were used for analysis. As a result of these data analysis, we found out that their awareness of the importance of forest landscape was high and they thought forest landscape plan was needed. However supply of the information and data such as guidelines to improve forest landscape condition was not enough. Through the IPA method, we had 15 properties of forest landscape policy were settled. It show us what needs to be kept up the good work, what needs to be concentrated here, what the low priority are, or what the possible overkill are. We finally suggest that direction of forest landscape management should be established based on above investigation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify how the components of a fashion show can influence the perception of the spectators, and what the spectators most like in a fashion show. Through the analysis on the literature reviews and in-depth interviews with professional's organizing fashion shows we established a list of the main components, which allowed us to set up a questionnaire. The results regarding the viewing satisfaction of the spectators at a fashion show were investigated and came out as follows: First, the components of fashion show are generally viewed to be four factors: the program, the directing, the model, and the sets. These four factors are influencing the perception of the spectators and are very important to the success of a fashion show and the enjoyment of a fashion show by spectators. Second, it is shown to us that the most influential factor for the perception is 'the directing'(stage scenery, background music, lighting, effects etc.), and the next is 'the sets'(convenience seat, display, service facilities etc.). So, in order to raise the level of satisfaction for the spectators, it is advisable to concentrate on these two main factors. Finally, we would suggest that the organizer of a fashion show shall carefully analyze how spectators understand and perceive the components of a fashion show. This study provides information about how the components of a fashion show can influence the spectator's perception and presents suggestions on how to improve a fashion show by reorienting it towards the satisfaction of the spectator. In addition, there needs to be a strategy by customer satisfaction experience to reinforce a customer-oriented fashion show and heighten a viewing satisfaction for spectators.