• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2014

유화중합 SBR (E-SBR)과 용액중합 SBR (S-SBR) 블렌드를 제조하여 이들의 미세구조(styrene, 1,2-unit, cis-1,4-unit, 그리고 trans-1,4-unit 함량)를 투과 방식 휴리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR)을 이용하여 분석하였다. Valley-to-valley 바탕선으로 흡광도를 측정하는 방법(TV)이 객관적으로 가장 타당한 방법이나 cis-1,4-unit의 피크 세기를 정확히 측정할 수 없는 단점이 있다. cis-1,4-Unit이 포함된 4가지 미세구조에 대한 정보를 얻기 위해, 바탕선을 보정하지 않은 방법(TM)과 최대 투과도를 99%로 조정한 방법(TB)을 TV 방법과 비교하였다. TB 방법으로 구한 결과가 TM 방법으로 구한 결과보다 TV 방법으로 구한 결과와 좀 더 가깝게 나타났다. TM 방법과 TB 방법으로 구한 흡광도를 ISO/FDIS 21561:2005(E)에 제시한 계산식을 이용하여 미세구조 함량을 결정하였다. E-SBR/S-SBR 블렌드 비에 따른 styrene, 1,2-unit, 그리고 trans-1,4-unit 함량의 변화는 비교적 선형성을 보였으며, TM 방법과 TB 방법으로 얻은 결과에는 큰 차이가 없었다. cis-1,4-Unit 함량의 변화는 TM 방법과 TB 방법에 상관없이 직선성이 전혀 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2015

This paper is to research the geographical language and location characteristics of 126 rural settlements focused on Miwon Myeon in the Integrated Cheongju City. The main results are as follows : Firstly, the geographical languages of 126 settlements are classified and categorized in the order of nature (91units, 72.22%), manmade and location related(35 Units, 27.78%). The geographical languages of nature, quite much in comparison with the others, are also classified into 39 'mountain', 46 'valley', and 6 'stream' units in location characteristics. Secondly, the geographical languages of nature have 46 'valley' units, much in comparison with the others. The open circular valleys are extended from Miwon Ri of town center to Gubang Ri along route 19. The closed valleys are placed in the west and north band of town center with a background of mountain range. The 46 'valley' units are distributed widely throughout these places. Thirdly, The geographical languages of 39 'valley' units except original 7 'valley' units are categorized with the secondary 'mountain'(rock and topography related), 'stream', 'manmade', and 'location related'. And so in considering the location characteristics of rural settlements, we will have to grasp the another meaning of the geographical language.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제37권
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• pp.37-63
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• 2004

2세기 후반 이후 범마한적(凡馬韓的)으로 사용되던 대형 옹형토기는 백제가 우월적 정치체로서 성장함에 따라 점차적으로 범위가 좁아지며 용도가 바뀌는데, 3세기 후반 이후 영산강유역에서 저분구묘의 중심 매장시설로 기능을 전용하면서 옹관고분이 등장하게 된다. 옹관의 형태와 양식이 통일되면서 백제와 구별되는 상징적 스타일로 강화, 사용된 것으로 추정된다. 즉 마한을 구성한 대등한 정치체들의 공통적 상징이 백제와 구별되는 영산강유역이라는 광역적인 집단의 상징으로 바뀐 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 과정은 백제와 정치적으로 구별하고 맞서야 하는 대내외적 요구를 충족시키는데 필요한 영산강유역 집단의 결집을 위한 통합 이데올로기의 반영이라고 판단된다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

This study examines the processing and performance of an f-theta lens, one of the main components used in laser printer and laser scanning systems. To design an f-theta lens, the optical path of the components of the laser scanning unit f-theta lens, cylinder lens, and collimator lens must be identified. The goal after machining the master f-theta lens is to understand the optical properties, root mean square, and peak to valley.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제32권A호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2012

In this paper, We studied LED(Light Emitted Diode) sensor lights system using PIR(Pyroelectric Infrared Ray) sensor, CdS and MCU(Micro Controller Unit). And applied the valley fill circuit to improve the power factor. We designed the amplifier for each sensor and the LED driver for constant current which is the buck converter. Also, we proposed the algorithm of LED control by each sensors using MCU. Experimental results showed that power factor is 92% with valley fill circuit.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2011

With the accumulations of outcomes from archaeological excavations of mountain fortress of three kingdoms period, there have been studies about time-periodic territory range of mountain fortress, difference in the way(method) of construction, defence system and so on from various points of view. This is an empirical study on the construction method of the valley part of stone fortress. First of all, it is required to secure large quantity of fresh water for those who lived at mountain fortress. Especially when builders of fortress construct a fortification at the valley part of stone fortress, in advance they must sufficiently consider several options including the establishment of sustainable water resources. First, when it comes to build a fortification on a ridge[or a slope] of a mountain, you have only to consider a vertical stress. However, when it comes to build a fortification at the valley part of a mountain, You must have more sufficient preparations for the constructing process. Because there are not only a vertical stress but also a horizontal pressure simultaneously. Second, a fortification of mountain fortress built by using unit building stone is a structure of masonry construction like brick construction, and the valley part of it is where the construction of the fortification begins. Third, when it comes to build a fortification at the valley part of a mountain, it seems that they use a temporary method such as coffer dam in oder to prevent the collapse of the fortification due to heavy rain. Furthermore, in response to a horizontal pressure a fortification is built by the way of its plane make an arch, or by piling up the soil with the plate method(類似版築) and earthen wall harder method(敷葉) they increase cross-sectional area of the fortification and its cutoff capacity. In front direction they put the reservoir facility for the fear that the hydraulic pressure and earth pressure are directly transmitted to the fortification. The process of constructing the fortification at the valley part of a mountain is done in the same oder as follows; leveling of ground(整地) ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of coffer dam ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of the fortification between the both banks of the valley ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of the fortification at bottom part of spill way(餘水路) between the both banks of the valley ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of spill way(餘水路) & reservoir facility ${\Rightarrow}$ construction of the fortification at upper part of spill way between the both banks of the valley. Coffer dam facility seems to be not only the protection device on occasion of flood but also an important criterion to measure the proper height of spill way or tailrace(放水路). This study has a meaningful significance in that it empirically examines the method of reduction of the horizontal pressure which the fortification at the valley part of a mountain takes, the date the construction was done, and wether the changes in climate such as heavy rainfall influence the process of construction.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2021

This study is focused on the root mean square and peak-to-valley based on the injection conditions of the f-theta lens, one of the main components of laser printers and laser scanning systems. The f-theta lens of an aspherical plastic lens requires ultra-preaction. Injection molding is typically used for the mass production of aspherical plastic lenses. In the injection-molding method, the resin in the lens shape is filled with the resin after melting the plastic pellets at a constant temperature and then cooled. It is necessary to maintain a uniform injection molding system to produce high-quality lenses. These injection-molding systems are influenced by different factors, such as pressure, speed, temperature, mold, and cooling. It is possible to obtain a lens that exhibits the optical characteristics required to achieve harmony. We investigated the root mean square and peak-to-valley caused by variations in temperature, a critical parameter in the melting and cooling of plastic resins generated inside and outside the injection mold.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.251-269
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• 1997

설악산 국립공원 저항령계곡의 식물군집구조를 분석하기 위하여 39개 조사구를 설정하였으며 아울러 계곡부와 사면부의 식물군집특성을 파악하기 위하여 5개 지역에 25개 조사구(1개 조사구당 100m$^{2}$)를 설정하고 식생조사를 실시하였다. 전체 39개 조사구는 DCA 분석에 의해 소나무군집, 소나무-황철나무군집, 황철나무-소나무군집, 황철나무군집, 물푸레나무군집, 졸참나무군집 6개 군집으로 분리되었고 졸참나무군집만 산림지역 사면부에 분포하였고 나머지 5개 군집은 계곡부에 위치하였다. 식물군집구조 분석결과 천이 예측은 명확하지 않았다. Shannon의 종다양도는 0.9458~1.1769이었고 토양산도는 전지역이 pH 4.65~6.09이었다. Belt-transect 조사분석결과 계곡부의 우점종은 소나무와 황철나무이었으며, 사면부의 우점종은 졸참나무이었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2019

Intensive agricultural development in Mexicali valley, Baja-California, Mexico, has induced tremendous strain on the limited water resources. Agricultural water consumption in the valley mainly relies on diversions of the Colorado River, but their water supply is far less than the demand. Hence, the use of groundwater for irrigation purposes has gained considerable attention. To account for these changes, it is important to evaluate surface water and groundwater conditions based on historical water use. This study identified the effects of agricultural activities on groundwater levels and groundwater recharge in the Mexicali valley (in irrigation unit 16) by a comprehensive MODFLOW Farm process (MF-FMP) numerical modeling. The MF-FMP modeling results showed that the water table in the study area is drawn downed, more in eastern areas. The inflow-outflow analysis demonstrated that recharge to the aquifer occurs in response to agricultural supplies. In general, the model provides MF-FMP simulations of natural and anthropogenic components of the hydrologic cycle, the distribution and dynamics of supply and demand in the study area.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

Background: In situ gamma spectrometry has been used to measure environmental radiation, assumptions are usually made about the depth distribution of the radionuclides of interest in the soil. The main limitation of in situ gamma spectrometry lies in determining the depth distribution of radionuclides. The objective of this study is to develop a method for subsurface characterization by in situ measurement. Materials and Methods: The peak to valley method based on the ratio of counting rate between the photoelectric peak and Compton region was applied to identify the depth distribution. The peak to valley method could be applied to establish the relation between the spectrally derived coefficients (Q) with relaxation mass per unit area (${\beta}$) for various depth distribution in soil. The in situ measurement results were verified by MCNP simulation and calculated correlation equation. In order to compare the depth distributions and contamination levels in decommissioning KRR site, in situ measurement and sampling results were compared. Results and Discussion: The in situ measurement results and MCNP simulation results show a good correlation for laboratory measurement. The simulation relationship between Q and source burial for the source layers have exponential relationship for a variety depth distributions. We applied the peak to valley method to contaminated decommissioning KRR site to determine a depth distribution and initial activity without sampling. The observed results has a good correlation, relative error between in situ measurement with sampling result is around 7% for depth distribution and 4% for initial activity. Conclusion: In this study, the vertical activity distribution and initial activity of $^{137}Cs$ could be identifying directly through in situ measurement. Therefore, the peak to valley method demonstrated good potential for assessment of the residual radioactivity for site remediation in decommissioning and contaminated site.