• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.380-386
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the root zone temperature on the changes in soil physicochemical environment and the growth of the apple trees. Root zone temperatures applied were 20. 25. 30. and $35^{\circ}C$. A pot experiment of 4-year-old fruit-bearing Fuji/M.26 apple trees was done from May 15. 1997 to August 15. 1997. Shoot length and shoot number of 4-year-old Fuji/M.26 was longest at $30^{\circ}C$ but decreased at $35^{\circ}C$. Oxygen concentrations in soil air were maintained from 17 to 18% at $20^{\circ}C$ but fluctuated from 10 to 14% at the end at $35^{\circ}C$. Carbon dioxide concentrations in soil air was highest at $35^{\circ}C$. Organic matter contents in soil decreased as root zone temperature and duration of treatment increased. Nitrate and ammonium contents in soil increased with rising root zone temperature in the beginning but nitrate contents decreased at $35^{\circ}C$ as time progressed. Nitrate content was higher in 10~15cm subsoil than in 25~30cm subsoil.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.264-273
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out the influence of water stress from May to June on photosynthesis, shoot growth and fruit quality of apple trees. Fuji'/M.9 apple trees were root pruned at full bloom (30th April), parallel to the row of 30 cm or 60 cm from the trunk, to one side or both sides of trunk. The average value of afternoon leaf water potential from May to June of the no root pruning was maintained over -1.80 MPa, but that of root-pruning treatments was maintained under -1.80 MPa. In the comparison of average value of leaf water potential from May to June by root-pruning degree, the root pruning both sides at 30 cm from trunk was lowest (-2.06 MPa), followed by the root pruning both sides at 60 cm (-2.02 MPa) and the root pruning one side at 30 cm (-1.91 MPa). Root pruning one side at 30 cm or both sides at 60 cm reduced photosynthetic rate from May to June by 80% or 65%, respectively, compared with no root pruning. So, the degree of decreasing total shoot length or average fruit weight compare to the no root pruning of the root pruning one side at 30 cm was 25% or 11%, respectively, and those of the root pruning both sides at 30 cm was 45% or 15%, respectively. However, the soluble solid content and fruit color of the root pruning was higher than those of the no root pruning, and those of the root pruning both sides was higher than root pruning one side. These results indicate that the fruit enlargement was decreased when the average value of average leaf water potential from May to June was under -1.80 MPa, and the shoot growth was decreased when that was under -2.00 MPa.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1247-1253
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• 2017

The Fuji variety of apple, introduced in Japan, has excellent storage quality and good taste, such that it is the most commonly cultivated apple variety in Gunwi County, North Gyeongsang Province, Korean Peninsula. Accurate prediction of harvest maturity allows farmers to more efficiently manage their farm in important aspects such as working time, fruit storage, market shipment, and labor distribution. Temperature is one of the most important factors that determine plant growth, development, and yield. This paper reports on the beta distribution (function) model that can be used to simulate the the phenological response of plants to temperature. The beta function, commonly used as a skewed probability density in statistics, was introduced to estimate apple harvest maturity as a function of temperature in this study. The model parameters were daily maximum temperature, daily optimum temperature, and maximum growth rate. They were estimated from the input data of daily maximum and minimum temperature and apple harvest maturity. The difference in observed and predicted maturity day from 2009 to 2012, with optimal parameters, was from two days earlier to one day later.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The vigorous shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy leads to poor fruit quality and flower bud formation in lower part of canopy. So, this study was conducted to develop the proper control method about the shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trunks of 'Fuji'/M9 apple trees were cut (back pruned) to 2.5 m in tree height on 11 February (dormant) or 12 April (full bloom). Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was applied at 2.0% to cut surface when trunk was pruned. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) was sprayed at 250 mg/L above 2.0 m in tree height at 23 April (petal fall). The NAA or Pro-Ca application after trunk was pruned at dormant (TR-2 and TR-3) significantly reduced shoot growth in upper part of canopy compared with the control (tree was only pruned at dormant, TR-1), but the percent of shoots showing the secondary growth of TR-3 was higher over 2 times than that of TR-2. The reduction of shoot growth in upper part of canopy by TR-2 and TR-3 increased the fruit red color from the lower part in the treating year and blooming of the lower part in the following year. CONCLUSION: Applying 2.0% NAA to cut surface of pruned apple trunk at dormant was the most effective way for stabilization of the tree vigor in upper part of the canopy in a high density apple orchard.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

This study was divided to three experiments for evaluating the effects of pre- or post-load 1-MCP on quality of 'Fuji' apples exposed to ethylene. The first experiment was compared for fruit quality at room temperature at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days between the control and 1-MCP-treated fruits followed storage of 130, 150, and 170 days. 1-MCP-treated fruits maintained higher fruit titratable acidity and firmness than those of control fruits. The second experiment was compared for fruit quality at room temperature at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days between fruits applied with pre-loaded-1-MCP on ethylene treatments (10 ${\mu}L/L$, 20 ${\mu}L/L$, and 40 ${\mu}L/L$) and control fruits. 1-MCP-treated fruits were not affected by ethylene concentrations, and had higher fruit weight and firmness than those of control. The third experiment was compared for fruit quality at room temperature at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days between fruits applied with pre-loading with ethylene (10 ${\mu}L/L$) followed by ventilation (8 h, or 32 h, or 56 h) and 1.0 ${\mu}L/L$ 1-MCP treatment. As observed above experiments, 1-MCP-treated fruits had higher fruit weight and firmness than those of control fruits, regardless of the delayed applications of 1-MCP.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1547-1550
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• 2015

Fuji apple variety introduced in Japan has excellent storage quality and good taste so it is most commonly cultivated in the Korean Peninsula. Accurate prediction of harvest maturity allows farmers to more efficiently manage their farm, such as working time, fruit storage, market shipment and labor distribution so it is very important. This study was carried out to predict the harvest maturity of 'Fuji' apple using DTS (Days Transformed to Standard temperature) model based on the Arrhenius law in the Gunwi province of the South Korea. Input data are daily average temperature and apple harvest maturity. Predicted the harvest maturity of Fuji apple after estimating the optimal parameters by using the Nelder-Mead method. The differences of observed and predicted harvest maturity day are approximately 1 to 4 days and the RMSE is 2.9.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.468-471
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• 2004

To investigate the effect of funcitional MA film 0.3 mm and control(non-pack) during 24 weeks of storage on 'Fuji' apple, the weight loss, firmness, a titratable acidity, soluble solid content(SSC $^{\circ}Brix$) and the rate of decay were measured. After 20 week storage, weight loss was $4.65\%$ in control, but $0.31\%$ in 0.03 mm funcitional MA film. The titratable acidity, soluble solid content and firmness were changed a little. The rate of decay was $4.2\%$ in control, and $1.1\%$ in funcitional MA film.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1293-1299
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• 2010

This study was carried out to compare and analyze the effect of Korean effective microorganism(KEM) and seafood amino acid fertilizer(SAF) application on apple on functional substances of fruit. Vitamin C in fruit of control and KEM/SAF treated were 29.3 and, 39.8 mg, respectively. Also active oxygen scavenging ability of those treatments measured with DPPH method were 40.6 and 54.1%, respectively. Vitamin E contents of those treatments were 2.51 and 2.50 mg, respectively. Sitosterol, a phytosterol, contents of those treatments were 4.79 and 5.41 mg, respectively. Proportion of sugars, fructose, glucose, and sucrose in the fruit of control were 36.1, 15.3 and 17.8%, respectively. Those of the fruit of KEM/SAF treated were 45.9, 13.2 and 18.8%, respectively. Malic acid contents of control and KEM/SAF treated fruits were 53.7 and 43.8%, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.408-413
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• 2010

The paper reviewed research status and outlook of genetic transformation in fruit trees in Korea. Genetic transformation has been long considered as an alternative technique overcoming limitation of conventional breeding and conducted since early 1990's. An efficient genetic transformation was established with major cultivars of apple, even in Fuji and Gamhong, and some transgenic apple plants have been transferred into the greenhouse for further analysis of gene expression. A few successes of genetic transformation have been reported and application to a variety of cultivars tried in citrus and kiwifruit. Successful genetic transformation has not been reported in the other fruit trees including grapevine, yet and it is considered being at the level of research. Those factors including replacement of antibiotics as a selective agent, use of transgenic rootstocks and manipulation of gene expression at proper parts and developmental stages have been prerequisites for the rapid commercialization of transgenic fruit plants.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2019

In this study, bread was prepared using various amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, and quality and antioxidant properties investigated. Bread was prepared with water, butter, yeast, salt, sugar, wheat flour, skim milk powder and 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) 'Fuji' apple juice. Leavening ability and pH of dough were also investigated. Volume, pH, specific volume, baking-loss rate, chromaticity and texture were investigated as quality properties, whereas the total polyphenol content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity as the antioxidant properties of bread containing various amount of apple juice. The pH and leavening ability of dough were observed to decrease with increasing amount of apple juice. In the quality properties of bread, pH, volume, specific volume, and baking-loss rate decreased. Regarding chromaticity and texture of bread prepared with increasing amount of 'Fuji' apple juice, L (bright) values at crust and crumb of bread decreased, while hardness, chewiness and gumminess increased. Total polyphenol content increased with increasing amount of apple juice, while DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed no significant differences. Consequently, these results support the possible use of apple juice for baking foods in food industry, as addition of apple juice enhances the quality and antioxidant properties of bread.